現(xiàn)在完成時講解

1、現(xiàn)在完成時講解一. 基本結(jié)構(gòu)：助動詞 have/has+過去分詞（done）二. 句型：否定句：主語+have/has+not+過去分詞+其他.一般疑問句：Have/Has+主語+過去分詞+其他.簡略答語：Yes,主語+ have/has.（肯定） No,主語 + havent/hasnt.（ 否定）三. 用法（1）現(xiàn)在完成時表示過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果I have spent all of my money （so far）.（含義是:現(xiàn)在我沒有錢花了 .）Guo zijun has （just/already） come.（含義：郭子君現(xiàn)在在這兒）My father

2、has gone to work.（含義是：我爸爸現(xiàn)在不在這兒）（2）現(xiàn)在完成時可以用來表示發(fā)生在過去某一時刻的，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作（用行為動詞表示） 或狀態(tài)（be動詞表示）常與for （+時間段），since （+時間點或過去時的句子） 連用. fo葉時段 since+過去一個時間點（譯為：自從以來） sin ce+ 時段 +ago since+從句（過去時）It is+ 時段+si nce+從句（過去時）Mary has bee n ill for three days.I have lived here since 1998.四. has gone （to）,has bee n （to）,

3、 has bee n （in）的區(qū)另 SHave/Has gone（to）: 去了（現(xiàn)在不在說話現(xiàn)場）Where is your father ? He has gone to Shanghai.Have/Has been （to）: 去過（已不在去過的地方）My father has bee n to Sha nghai.Have/has bee n in :呆了多久（還在所呆的地方）My father has bee n in Shan ghaifor two mon ths. /since two mon ths ago.五現(xiàn)在完成時的標志1. 現(xiàn)在完成時的含義之一是過去完成的動作對現(xiàn)在

4、仍有影響，用以下四大標志詞可以表達這種含義：* 以 already, just 和 yet 為標志He has already got her help.他已得到她的幫助。He has just seen the film.他剛剛看過這場電影。He has nt come back yet.他還沒有回來。* 以ever和never為標志This is the best film I have ever see n.這是我曾經(jīng)看過的最好的一部電影。He has n ever bee n to Beiji ng.他從沒有至 U過北京。*以動作發(fā)生的次數(shù)為標志He says he has bee n

5、 to the USA three times.他說他已經(jīng)去過美國三次了。*以so far （到目前為止）為標+beforeHe has got to Beijing so far.到目前為止他已到了北京。She has passed the exam so far.到目前為止她已經(jīng)通過了考試。2. 過去已經(jīng)開始的動作一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，甚至有可能繼續(xù)延續(xù)下去，我們可以 從動作“延續(xù)”的特性和“時間”點段的區(qū)分入手，進一步學習現(xiàn)在完成時。* fo葉時段since+過去一個時間點（過去 從句）為標志注意：1）現(xiàn)在完成時不能單獨與過去的時間狀語連用，如yesterday, last week, thr

6、ee years ago 等；2）不能與when連用2.現(xiàn)在完成時往往同表示不 確定的過去時間狀語連用六.過去分詞1 、規(guī)則動詞：規(guī)則動詞的過去分詞的構(gòu)成規(guī)則與規(guī)則動詞的過去式的 構(gòu)成規(guī)則相同。四點變化規(guī)則：(1) 、一般動詞，在詞尾直接加“ ed ”。work-worked-worked ,visit-visited-visited(2) 、以“ e ”結(jié)尾的動詞，只在詞尾加“ d ”。live-lived-lived ,(3) 、以“輔音字母 + y ”結(jié)尾的動詞，將 y 變?yōu)?i ，再加“ edstudy-studied-studied ,cry-cried-cried(4) 、重讀閉音

7、節(jié)結(jié)尾，末尾只有一個輔音字母，先雙寫該輔音字母，再加“I”“ ed ”。stop-stopped-stopped , drop-dropped-dropped2 、不規(guī)則動詞：AAA型原型過去式過去分詞burst burst bursthurt hurt hurtlet let letcast cast castcost cost costcut cut cuthit hit hitput put putset set setshut shut shutspread spread spreadread read read read 原形發(fā)音為 /ri:d/, 過去式和過去分詞發(fā)音為 /red/

8、AAB型beat beat beatenABA型become became becomerun ran runcome came come特殊情況ABB型bring brought broughtbuy bought boughtbuild built builtburn burnt burntcatch caught caughtdig dug dugfeel felt feltfight fought foughtfind found foundhear heard heardhold held heldkeep kept keptlay laid laid lead led led lo

9、se lost lost make made made meet met met sell sold sold shoot shot shot sit sat sat stand stood stood sweep swept swept teach taught taught tell told told think thought thought win won wonABC型begin began begun blow blew blown break broke broken choose chose chosen draw drew drawn drive drove driven

10、drink drank drunk fly flew flown forgive forgave forgivenforget forgot forgottenfreeze froze frozengive gave givengrow grew grownknow knew knownride rode riddenrise rose risenring rang rungshake shook shakensing sang sungsink sank sunkswim swam swumthrow threw thrownwrite wrote written七.瞬間動詞 (buy, d

11、ie, join, come , go ,leave, join ) 不能直接與for since 連用。要改變動詞buyhave borrow keepcome/arrive/reach/get tobe ingo outbe out leave be awaybeginbe onfinishbe overopenbe open close be closeddiebe dead1.have 代替 buyMybrother has had(不能用 has bought) this bike for almost four years.2、用 keep 或 have 代替 borrowI ha

12、ve kept( 不能用 have borrowed) the book for quite a few days.3、用 be 替代 becomeHow long has your sister been a teacher?4、用 have a cold 代替 catch a coldTom has had a cold since the day before yesterday.5、用 wear 代替 put onb) 用“ be+形容詞”代終止性動詞1、be married 代 marry 2 、be ill 代 fall (get) ill3、be+ dead 代 die 4、be

13、+ asleep 代 fall (get) asleep5、be+ awake代 wake/wake up 6、be+ gone 代 lose,die,sell,leave7、be+ open 代 open 8、be closed 代 close/shut9、 be+ missing(gone,lost) 代 losec) 用“ be+副詞”代終止性動詞1 “ be+ on” 代 start, beg in2 “ be+ up” 代 get up3“ be+ back(to) ”代 return to, come back to, go back to4“be here (there) ”代

14、come(arrive, reach, get) here 或 go (arrive, reach, get) there 等等d) 用“be+介詞短語”代終止性動詞1. “be in/at + 地點”代替 go to /come to2. 用 be in the army 代替 join the army3. “be in/at + 地點”代替 move to常用瞬間動詞變 延續(xù)性動詞 表：1. have arrived at/in sw. got to/reached sw. come/gone/moved to sw.have bee n in sw./at 相應的介詞2. have c

15、ome/g one back/retur ned have bee n back3. have come/gone out have been out4. have become have been5. have closed / opened have been close/open6. have got up have been up ；7. h ave died have been dead ；8. have left sw. have been away from sw.9. have fallen asleep/got to sleep have been asleep ；10. have finished/ended/completed have been over ；11. have married have been married ；12. have started/begun to do st h. have done sth. ；13. have begun have been on14. have borrowed/boughthave kept/had15. have lost haven t had16. have put on have worn17. have caught /