美國文學賞析整理

1、昊國文學賞析整理 1 I heard the merry grasshopper then sing, The black-clad cricket bear a second part, They kept one tune, and played on the same string, Seeming to glory in their little art. Shall creatures abject thus their voices raise? And in their kind resound their makers praise, Whilst I, as mute, ca

2、n warble forth no higher lays? “ Under the cooling shadow of a stately Elm, Close state I by a goodly Rivers side, Where gliding streams the Kocks did overwhelm; A lonely place with pleasures dignified. I once that lovd the shady woods so well. Now thought the rivers did the trees excel. And if the

3、sun would ever shine there would I dwell. * While musing thus with contemplation fed, And thousand fancies buzzing in my brain, The sweet Iongud Philomel percht oer my head. And chanted forth a most melodious strain. Which rapt me so with wonder and delight, I judgd my hearing better than my sight.

4、題 11 ： the 9th of Contemplations 作者：Anne Bradstreet 賞析： 1. Rhyme royal: seve nline iambic petamet佗七行fi.步抑揚格 2. Rhyme: ababccc 3. Theme: religion 4彖征 :black-clad=death; abject=admitting defeat; maker= god 5. A genuine expression of poetic feeling in the presence of nature The poem offers the reader a

5、n in sight into the mentality of the early Puritan pioneering in a new world The poet heard the grasshopper and the cricket sing, and she searched for her own soul accordingly. 6. She saw sth metaphysical inhering in the physical, a mode of perception which was singularly Puritan It was about this t

6、ime I conceived the bold and arduous project of arriving at moral perfection. I wished to live without committing any fault at any time; I would conquer all that eithe* natural inclination, custom, or company might lead me into. As I knew, or thought I knew, what was right and wrong, I did not see w

7、hy I might not always do the one and avoid the other. But I soon found I had undertaken a task of more difficulty than I had imagined While my care was employed in guarding against one fault, I was often surprised by another; habit took the advantage of inattention; inclination was sometimes too str

8、ong for reason. I concluded, at length, that the mere speculative conviction that it was our interest to be completely virtuous was not sufficient to prevent our slipping and that the contrary habits must be broken, and good ones acquired and established, before we can have any dependence on a stead

9、y, uniform rectitude of conduct. For this purpose I therefore contrived the following method In the various enumerations of the moral virtues I had met with in my reading, I found the catalog more or less numerous, as different writers included more or fewer ideas under the same name Tempera nee, fo

10、r example, was by some confined to eating and drinking, while by others it was extended to mean the moderating every other pleasure, appetite, inclination, or passion bodily or mental, even to our avarice and ambition, I proposed to myself, for the sake of clearness, to use rather more names, with f

11、ewer ideas annexed to each, than a few names with more ideas; and I included under thirteen names of virtues all that at that time occurred to me as necessary or desirable, and annexed to each a short precept, which fully expressed the extent I gave to its meaning God knows, Km not myselfsomebody el

12、se. and Im changed, and I cani tell whaTs my namer or who I am. Rip Dame Van Winkle A subtle chain of countless rings, The next unto the farthest brings; The eye reads omens where it goes. And speaks all languages the rose; And, striving to be man, the worm, Mounts through all the spires of form. 矣國

13、文學賞析黑理 題 11 ： Autobiography 作者：Benjamin Franklin 賞析： 1. One of Ben jamin Fra nklins literary successes 1771 -1788, in complete whe n he died 2. Purpose: to make the experie nee of his own career; the con duct and habit of life which had led to success in his own case, a source of help and inspiratio

14、n to others 3. The story of his struggles, errors, experiments with himself accomplishment. 4. Wonderful frankness Characterized by a series of short, declarative senten ces, which are quite logically connected but will flower out into illustrative statements of truth and thoughts Comparisons and me

15、taphors to make the general ideas of his works clearly 2 矣國文學賞析整理 expressedenrich his own points but never let them take Employ literary sources to make and the full reins of his discussion 五 HesterPrynne 女匸角 Roger Chillingworth 女的丈 Arthur Dimmesdale牧師。女主角通奸的對象 Pearl女兒 On a field, sable, the letter

16、A, gules 題 U : The Scarlet Letter 作者:Nathaniel Hawthorne 賞析： A story of rebellion within an emotionally constricted Puritan society. 2. Undisputed masterpiece of Hawthorne. Reveal Hawthornes superb craftsmanship 3. Modern psychological insight; secret motivations in human behaviour; guilt not a real

17、 sinner; sinful just in the sinful eyes of the conventional Puritans 7. Chilli ngworth: physician, cold observer of life, looking on man kind as the subject of experiment; lost in revenge; not true to himself/others/God; real villain of the story, true sinner. 8. Dimmesdale; partner of Hesters sin;

18、the concealment of the first sin led to the second sin; no Ion ger true to God/others, but kept true to himself; in tellectual arrogance suffer most in story. A Ahab / Pequod/lshmael 題 U : Moby Dick 作者:Herman Melville 賞析： Ahab: captain of the whaling ship 2. Pequod: name of the whaling ship 3 Theme:

19、 the rebellious struggle of Captain Ahab against the overwhelm!ng, mysterious vastness of the universe and its awesome sometimes merciless forces 4. Symbols The vo/age= a search for truth; Moby Dick= nature (complex, unfathomable, malignant, beaut訐ul), an ultimate mystery of un iverse 七 Once upon a

20、midnight dreary, while I pondered weak and weary. Over many a quaint and curious volume of forgotten lore, While I nodded, nearly nappingr suddenly there came a tapping, As of some one gently rapping, rapping at my chamber door. MTis some visitor/ I muttered, tapping at my chamber door Only this, an

21、d nothing more/ Ah, distinctly I remember it was in the bleak December, And each separate dying ember wrought its ghost upon the floor. Eagerly I wished the morrow; vainly I had sought to borrow From my books surcease of sorrow sorrow for the lost Lenore For the rare and radiant maiden whom the ange

22、ls named Lenore Nameless here for evermore And the silken sad uncertain rustling of each purple curtain Thrilled me filled me with fantastic terrors never felt before; So that now, to still the beating of my heart, I stood repeating MTis some visitor entreating entrance at my chamber door Some late

23、visitor entreating entrance at my chamber door; This it is, and nothing more/ Presently my soul grew stron ger; hesitati ng the n no Ion ger, Sir/ said I, or Madam, truly your forgiveness I implore; But the fact is I was napping, and so gently you came rapping, And so faintly you came tapping, tappi

24、ng at my chamber door. That I scarce was sure I heard you* here I opened wide the door; Darkness there, and no thing more. Deep in:o that dark ness peeri ng, long I stood there won dering, fearing, Doubting, dreaming dreams no mortal ever dared to dream before; But the silenee was unbroken, and the

25、darkness gave no token, And the only word there spoken was the whispered word, Lenore!* This I whispered, and an echo murmured back the word, Lenore!* Merely rhis and nothing more. Back into the chamber turning, all my soul within me burning, Soon again I heard a tapping somewhat louder than before

26、Surely/ said I, surely that is something at my window lattice; Let me see then, what thereat is, and this mystery explore - Let my heart be still a moment and this mystery explore; *Tis the wind and nothing more!1 Open here I flung the shutter, when, with many a flirt and flutter, In there stepped a

27、 stately raven of the saintly days of yore Not the least obeisance made he; not a minute stopped or stayed he; But, with mien of lord or ladyr perched above my chamber door - Perched upon a bust of Pallas just above my chamber door Perched, and sat, and no thing more. Then this ebony bird beguiling

28、my sad fancy into smiling, By the grave and stern decorum of the countenance it wore, Though thy crest be shorn and shaven, thou/ I said, art sure no craven. Ghastly grim and anci ern raven wan dering from the nightly shore Tell me what thy lordly name is on the Nights Plutonian shorer Quoth tie rav

29、en. Nevermore. Much I marvelled this ungainly fowl to hear discourse so plainly, Though its answer little meaning little relevancy bore; For we cannot help agreeing that no living human being Ever yet was blessed with seeing bird above his chamber door Bird or beast above the sculptured bust above h

30、is chamber door. With such name as Nevermore.* But the raven, sitting lonely on the placid bust, spoke only. That one word, as if his soul in that one word he did outpour. Nothing further then he uttered - not a feather then he fluttered Till I scarcely more than muttered Other friends have flown be

31、fore On the morrow he will leave me, as my hopes have flown before.* Then the bird said, Nevermore.* Startled at the stillness broken by reply so aptly spoken. Doubtless/ said L what it utters is its only stock and store, Caught from some unhappy master whom unmerc訐ul disaster Followed fast and foll

32、owed faster till his songs one burden bore Till the dirges of his hope that melancholy burden bore Of Never-nevermore.*11 But the raven still beguiling all my sad soul into smiling, Straight I wheeled a cushioned seat in front of bird and bust and door; Then, upon the velvet sinking, I betook myself

33、 to linking Fancy unto fancy, thinking what this ominous bird of yore What this grim, ungainly, ghastly, gaunt, and ominous bird of yore Meant in croaking Nevermore.* This I sat engaged in guessing, but no syllable expressing To the fowl whose fiery eyes now burned into my bosoms core; This and more

34、 I sat divining, with my head at ease reclining On the cushions velvet lining that the lamp-light gloated oer. But whose velvet violet lining with the lamp-light gloating oer. She shall press, ah. nevermore! Then, methought, the air grew denser, perfumed from an unseen censer Swung by Seraphim whose

35、 foot-falls tinkled on the tufted floor. Wretch/ I cried, thy God hath lent thee - by these angels he has sent thee Respite respite and nepenthe from thy memories of Lenore! Quaff, oh quaff this kind nepenthe, and forget this lost Lenore!* Quoth me raven. Nevermore.* Prophet!* said I, thing of evil!

36、 - prophet still, if bird or devil!- Whether tempter sent, or whether tempest tossed thee here ashore. Desolate yet all undaunted, on this desert land enchanted - On this home by horror haunted tell me truly, I implore Is there is there balm in Gilead? tell me tell mer I implorel Quoth tne raven, Ne

37、vermore.* Prophet!* said I, thing of evil! - prophet still, if bird or devil! By that Heaven that bends above us by that God we both adore Tell this soul with sorrow laden if, within the distant Aidenn, It shall clasp a sainted maiden whom the angels named Lenore Clasp a rare and radiant maiden, who

38、m the an gels n amed Leno re?* Quoth tne raven, Nevermore.1 Be that word our sign of parting, bird or fiend! I shrieked upstarting Get thee back into the tempest and the Nights Plutonian shore! Leave no black plume as a token of that lie thy soul hath spoken! Leave rry Ioneliness unbroken! quit the

39、bust above my door! Take thy beak from out my heart, and take thy form from off my door!* Quoth tne raven. Nevermore.* And the raven, never flitting, still is sitting, still is sitting On the pallid bust of Pallas just above my chamber door; And his eyes have all the seeming of a demons that is drea

40、ming, And the lamp-light oer him streaming throws his shadow on the floor; And my soul from out that shadow that lies floating on the floor Shall be lifted - nevermore! 題目:The Raven 作者：Edgar Allan Poe 賞析： 1 Alliteration; onomatopoeia; internal rhyme; assonanee 2. Symbols: Raven= self-turtore; one of

41、 the most profound impulses of human nature Midnight the sorrow for the loss of Lenore; the isolation of the man Helen, thy beauty is to me Like those Nicean barks of yore. That gently, oer a perfumd sea, The weary, way-worn wanderer bore To his own native shore On desperate seas long wont to roam.

42、Thy hyacinth hair, thy classic face. Thy Naiad airs have brough me home To the beauty of fair Greece, And the grandeur of old Rome Lo! In that little window-niche How statue-like I see thee stand! The folded scroll within thy hand- A Psyche from the regions which Are Holy Land! Tell me not, in mourn

43、ful numbers. Life is but an empty dream! For the soul is dead that slumbers, And things are not what they seem. Life is real-life is earnest And the grave is not its goal: Dust thou art, to dust returnest. Was nol spoken of the soul. ONES-SELF I singa simple, separate Person; Yet utter the word Demo

44、cratic, the word En-masse. 題11： To Helen 作者:Edgar Allan Poe 賞析： 1. Theme: celebrate the nurturing power of womenhelens beauty is soothing and provide safety 3. Represent beauty, melancholy. Though heart desired, in accessible 4. Allusion,ass onan ce,conson anc 巳 repetiti on 5. Ababb/ababa/abbab 6. N

45、aiad= goddess; Psyche= goddess of the soul 八 題 11 ： A Psalm of Like 作 Vf ： Henry Wadsworth Longfellow 賞析：Optimism 九 Of Physiology from top to toe I sing; Not physiognomy alone, nor brain alone, is worthy for the museI say the Form complete is worthier far; The Female equally with the male I sing. Of

46、 Life immense in passion, pulse, and power; Cheerfulfor freest action formd, under the laws divin 7 矣國文學賞析黑理 The Modern Man I sing 題11： One* s Self I Sing 作者:Walt Whitman 賞析：en masse, democratic, individualism, humanity. political equality of male and female To make a prairie it takes a clover and a bee, One clover, and a bee, And re very The revery alone will do. If bees are few 題 bl： To Make a Prairie 作者:Emily Dickinson 賞析:Without any physical objects at all, the mind of one advaneed in the art of revery can produce any objec