新建12萬(wàn)噸年硫鐵礦制酸項(xiàng)目可行性研究報(bào)告

1、Lesson 1 A private conversation 私人談話Last week I went to the theatre. I had a very good seat. The play was very interesting. I did not enjoy it. A young man and a young woman were sitting behind me. They were talking loudly. I got very angry. I could not hear the actors. I turned round. I looked at t

2、he man and the woman angrily. They did not pay any attention. In the end, I could not bear it. I turned round again. I cant hear a word! I said angrily. Its none of your business, the young man said rudely. This is a private conversation!.Lesson 2 Breakfast or lunch? 早餐還是午餐？It was Sunday. I never ge

3、t up early on Sundays. I sometimes stay in bed until lunch time.Last Sunday I got up very late. I looked out of the window. It was dark outside. What a day! I thought. Its raining again. Just then, the telephone rang. It was my aunt Lucy. Ive just arrived by train, she said. Im coming to see you. Bu

4、t Im still having breakfast, I said.What are you doing ? she asked. Im having breakfast, I repeated.Dear me, she said. Do you always get up so late ? Its one oclock!Lesson 3 Please send me a card 請(qǐng)給我寄一張明信片 Postcards always spoil my holidays. Last summer, I went to Italy. I visited museums and sat in

5、 public gardens. A friendly waiter taught me a few words of Italian. Then he lent me a book. I read a few lines, but I did not understand a word. Every day I thought about postcards. My holidays passed quickly, but I did not send any cards to my friends. On the last day I made a big decision. I got

6、up early and bought thirty-seven cards. I spent the whole day in my room, but I did not write a single card !Lesson 4 An exciting trip 激動(dòng)人心的旅行I have just received a letter from my brother, Tim. He is in Australia. He has been there for six months. Tim is an engineer. He is working for a big firm and

7、 he has already visited a great number of different places in Australia. He has just bought an Australian car and has gone to Alice Springs, a small town in the centre of Australia. He will soon visit Darwin. From there, he will fly to Perth. My brother has never been abroad before, so he is finding

8、 this trip very exciting.Lesson 5 No wrong numbers 無(wú)錯(cuò)號(hào)之虞 Mr James Scott has a garage in Silbury and now he has just bought another garage in Pinhurst. Pinhurst is only five miles from Silbury, but Mr Scott cannot get a telephone for his new garage, so he has just bought twelve pigeons. Yesterday, a

9、pigeon carried the first message from Pinhurst to Silbury. The bird covered the distance in three minutes. Up to now, Mr Scott has sent a great many requests for spare parts and other urgent messages from one garage to the other. In this way, he has begun his own private telephone service.Lesson 6 P

10、ercy Buttons 珀西巴頓斯I have just moved to a house in Bridge Street. Yesterday a beggar knocked at my door. He asked me for a meal and a glass of beer. In return for this, the beggar stood on his head and sang songs. I gave him a meal. He ate the food and drank the beer. Then he put a piece of cheese in

11、 his pocket and went away. Later a neighbour told me about him. Everybody knows him. His name is Percy Buttons. He calls at every house in the street once a month and always asks for a meal and a glass of beer.Lesson 7 Too late 為時(shí)太晚 The plane was late and detectives were waiting at the airport all m

12、orning. They were expecting a valuable parcel of diamond from South Africa. A few hours earlier, someone had told the police that thieves would try to steal the diamonds. When the plane arrived, some of the detectives were waiting inside the main building while others were waiting on the airfield. T

13、wo men took the parcel off the plane and carried it into the Customs House. While two detectives were keeping guard at the door, two others opened the parcel. To their surprise, the precious parcel was full of stones and sand!Lesson 8 The best and the worst 最好的和最差的Joe Sanders has the most beautiful

14、garden in our town. Nearly everybody enters for The Nicest Garden Competition each year, but Joe wins every time. Bill Friths garden is larger than Joes. Bill works harder than Joe and grows more flowers and vegetables, but Joes garden is more interesting. He has made neat paths and has built a wood

15、en bridge over a pool. I like gardens too, but I do not like hard work. Every year I enter for the garden competition too, and I always win a little prize for the worst garden in the town!Lesson 9 A cold welcome 冷遇On Wednesday evening, we went to the Town Hall. It was the last day of the year and a

16、large crowd of people had gathered under the Town Hall clock. It would strike twelve in twenty minutes time. Fifteen minutes passed and then, at five to twelve, the clock stopped. The big minute hand did not move. We waited and waited, but nothing happened. Suddenly someone shouted, Its two minutes

17、past twelve! The clock has stopped! I looked at my watch. It was true. The big clock refused to welcome the New Year. At that moment everybody began to laugh and sing.Lesson 10 Not for jazz 不適于演奏爵士樂(lè)We have an old musical instrument. It is called a clavichord(翼琴). It was made in Germany in 1681. Our

18、clavichord is kept in the living-room. It has belong to our family for a long time. The instrument was bought by my grandfather many years ago. Recently it was damaged by a visitor. She tried to play jazz on it! She struck the keys too hard and two of the strings were broken. My father was shocked.

19、Now we are not allowed to touch it. It is being repaired by a friend of my fathers.Lesson 11 One good turn deserves another 禮尚往來(lái)I was having dinner at a restaurant when Harry Steele came in. Harry worked in a lawyers office years ago, but he is now working at a bank. He gets a good salary, but he al

20、ways borrows money from his friends and never pays it back. Harry saw me and came and sat at the same table. He has never borrowed money from me. While he was eating, I asked him to lend me &2. To my surprise, he gave me the money immediately. I have never borrowed any money from you, Harry said, so

21、 now you can pay for my dinner!Lesson 12 Goodbye and good luck 再見(jiàn)，一路順風(fēng)Our ncighbour, Captain Charles Alison, will sail from Portsmouth tomorrow. We shall meet him at the harbour early in the morning. He will be in his small boat, Topsail.Tapsail is a famous little boat. It has sailed across the Atla

22、ntic many times. Captain Alison will set out at eight oclock so we shall have plenty of time. We shall see his boat and then we shall say good-bye to him. He will be away for two months. We are very proud of him. He will take part in an important race across the Atlantic.Lesson 13 The Greenwood Boys

23、 綠林少年The Greenwood Boys are a group of popular singers. At present, they are visiting all parts of the country. They will be arriving here tomorrow. They will be coming by train and most of the youngpeople in the town will be meeting them at the station. Tomorrow evening they will be singing at the

24、Workers Club. The Greenwood Boys will be staying for five days. During this time, they will give five performances. As usual, the police will have a difficult time. They will be trying to keep order. It is always the same on these occasions.Lesson 14 Do you speak English? 你會(huì)講英語(yǔ)嗎？I had an amusing exp

25、erience last year. After I had left a small village in the south of France, I drove on to the next town. On the way, a young man waved to me. I stopped and he asked me for a lift. As soon as he had got into the car, I said good morning to him in French and he replied in the same language. Apart from

26、 a few words, I do not know any French at all. Neither of us spoke during the journey. I had nearly reached the town, when the young man suddenly said, very slowly, Do you speak English? As I soon learnt, he was English himself!Lesson 15 Good news 佳音 The secretary told me that Mr. Harmsworth would s

27、ee me. I felt very nervous when. I went into his office. He did not look up from his desk when I entered. After I had sat down, he said that business was very bad. He told me that the firm could not afford to pay such large salaries. Twenty people had already left. I knew that my turn had come. Mr.

28、Harmsworth, I said in a weak voice. Dont interrupt, he Said. Then he smiled and told me I would receive an extra &100 a year!Lesson 16 A polite request 彬彬有禮的要求If you park your car in the wrong place, a traffic policeman will soon find it. You will be very lucky if he lets you go without a ticket. Ho

29、wever, this does not always happen. Traffic police are sometimes very polite. During a holiday in Sweden, I found this note on my car: Sir, we welcome you to our city. This is a No Parking area. You will enjoy your stay here if you pay attention to our street signs. This note is only a reminder. If

30、you receive a request like this, you cannot fail to obey it!Lesson 17 Always young 青年常駐My aunt Jennifer is an actress. She must be at least thirty-five years old. In spite of this, she often appears on the stage as a young girl. Jennifer will have to take part in a new play soon. This time, she will

31、 be a girl of seventeen. In the play, she must appear in a bright red dress and long black stockings. Last year in another play, she had to wear short socks and a bright, orange-coloured dress. If anyone ever asked her how old she is, she always answers, My dear, it must be terrible to be grown up!l

32、esson18 He often does this! 他經(jīng)常干這種事！After I had had lunch at a village inn, I looked for my bag. I had left it on a chair beside the door and now it wasnt there ! As I was looking for it, the inn-keeper came in. Did you have a good meal ? he asked. Yes, thank you, I answered, but I cant pay the bill

33、. I havent got my bag. The inn-keeper smiled and immediately went out. In a few minutes he returned with my bag and gave it back to me. Im very sorry, he said My dog had taken it into the garden. He often does this.Lesson19 Sold out 票已售完The play may begin at any moment, I said. It may have begun alr

34、eady, Susan answered.I hurried to the ticket-office. May I have two tickets please ? I asked.Im sorry, weve sold out, the girl said.What a pity! Susan exclaimed.Just then, a man hurried to the ticket-office.Can I return these two tickets? he asked.Certainly, the girl said.Could I have those two tick

35、ets please ? I asked.Certainly, the girl said, but they are for next Wednesdays performance.I might as well have them, I said sadly.Lesson20 One man in a boat 獨(dú)坐孤舟Fishing is my favourite sport. I often fish for hours without catching anything. But this does not worry me. Some fishermen are unlucky.

36、Instead of catching fish, they catch old boots and rubbish. I am even less lucky. I never catch anything-not even old boots. After having spent whole mornings on the river, I always go home with an empty bag. You must give up fishing! my friends say. Its a waste of time. But they dont realize one im

37、portant thing. Im not really interested in fishing. I am only interested in sitting in a boat and doing nothing at all !Lesson21 Mad or not? 是不是瘋了？Aeroplanes are slowly driving me mad. I live near an airport and passing planes can be heard night and day. The airport was built during the war, but for

38、 some reason it could not be used then. Last year, however, it came into use. Over a hundred people must have been driven away from their homes by the noise. I am one of the few people left. Sometimes I think this house will be knocked down by a passing plane. I have been offered a large sum of mone

39、y to go away, but I am determined to stay here. Everybody says I must be mad and they are probably right.Lesson22 A glass envelope 玻璃信封My daughter, Jane, never dreamed of receiving a letter from a girl of her own age in Holland. Last year, we were travelling across the Channel and Jane put a piece o

40、f paper with her name and address on it into a bottle. She threw the bottle into the sea. She never thought of it again, but ten months later, she received a letter from a girl in Holland. Both girls write to each other regularly now. However, they have decided to use the post-office. Letters will c

41、ost a litt1e more, but they will certainly travel faster. Lesson23 A new house 新居I had a letter from my sister yesterday. She lives in Nigeria. In her letter, she said that she would come to England next year. If she comes, she will get a surprise. We are now living in a beautiful new house in the c

42、ountry. Work on it had begun before my sister left. The house was completed five months ago. In my letter, I told her that she could stay with us. The house has many large rooms and there is a lovely garden. It is a very modern house, so it looks strange to some people. It must be the only modern ho

43、use in the district.Lesson24 It could be worse 不幸中之萬(wàn)幸I entered the hotel managers office and sat down. I had just lost &50 and I felt very upset. I left the money in my room, I said, and its not there now. The manager was sympathetic, but he could do nothing. Everyones losing money these days, he sa

44、id. He started to complain about this wicked world but was interrupted by a knock at the door. A girl came in and put an envelope on his desk. It contained &5o. I found this outside this gentlemans room she賀州市宏鑫化工有限公司新建12萬(wàn)噸/年硫鐵礦制酸項(xiàng)目1 總 論1.1 概述1.1.1 項(xiàng)目基本情況 項(xiàng)目名稱：賀州市宏鑫化工有限公司新建12萬(wàn)噸/年硫鐵礦制酸項(xiàng)目1.1.1.

45、2 項(xiàng)目建設(shè)性質(zhì)本項(xiàng)目屬新建工程，項(xiàng)目建設(shè)資金構(gòu)成為全部自籌。公司性質(zhì)為：有限公司。經(jīng)營(yíng)體制及管理機(jī)制采用現(xiàn)代企業(yè)機(jī)制，按公司制進(jìn)行經(jīng)營(yíng)和管理 項(xiàng)目建設(shè)地點(diǎn)：廣西壯族自治區(qū)賀州市1.1.2 建設(shè)單位基本情況 建設(shè)單位名稱、法人代表建設(shè)單位：賀州市宏鑫化工有限公司法人代表：楊孝柱 建設(shè)單位概況 廣西壯族自治區(qū)賀州市宏鑫化工有限公司位于賀州市望高鎮(zhèn)鯉魚(yú)村，是以硫鐵礦制酸為主的企業(yè)。是具有獨(dú)立企業(yè)法人資格的有限公司。1.2 編制單位、編制依據(jù)和原則可行性研究報(bào)告編制單位：包頭市明天化學(xué)工程有限公司（包頭市化工設(shè)計(jì)研究所）地址：包頭市昆區(qū)林隱路6號(hào) 電話（FA

46、X）2.1 編制依據(jù) 賀州市宏鑫化工有限公司提供的12萬(wàn)噸/年硫鐵礦制酸技改項(xiàng)目基礎(chǔ)資料 賀州市宏鑫化工有限公司與包頭明天化學(xué)工程有限公司簽定的技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)讓合同。 化工建設(shè)項(xiàng)目可行性研究報(bào)告內(nèi)容和深度的規(guī)定(修訂本)，原化學(xué)工業(yè)部化計(jì)發(fā)(1997)427號(hào)文。1.2.2 編制原則 力求全面、客觀地反映情況 本報(bào)告是供項(xiàng)目法人及其上級(jí)主管部門(mén)決策、審批使用，因此在編制過(guò)程中按照國(guó)家、行業(yè)和地區(qū)的發(fā)展規(guī)劃，以及國(guó)家的產(chǎn)業(yè)政策、技術(shù)政策的要求，對(duì)本項(xiàng)目的建設(shè)條件、技術(shù)路線、經(jīng)濟(jì)效益、工程建設(shè)、生產(chǎn)管理以及對(duì)環(huán)境的影響等

47、各個(gè)方面，力求全面地、客觀地反映實(shí)際情況，多方面地分析對(duì)比，為項(xiàng)目法人及其上級(jí)主管部門(mén)決策提供依據(jù)。 采用先進(jìn)適用的技術(shù) 本項(xiàng)目是國(guó)產(chǎn)化硫鐵礦制酸生產(chǎn)裝置，生產(chǎn)裝置及配套的公用工程、輔助設(shè)施，都充分注意技術(shù)的先進(jìn)性。技術(shù)的先進(jìn)性不但體現(xiàn)在工藝流程、技術(shù)裝備和控制水平上，而且同樣體現(xiàn)在環(huán)境保護(hù)和安全工業(yè)衛(wèi)生等各個(gè)方面。 在注意技術(shù)先進(jìn)性的同時(shí)，還充分關(guān)注技術(shù)的適用性。即根據(jù)我國(guó)目前的經(jīng)濟(jì)能力、配套能力和管理水平等國(guó)情，選取適用的先進(jìn)技術(shù)。 要以經(jīng)濟(jì)效益為中心 經(jīng)濟(jì)效益是企業(yè)生存的命脈。因此，本報(bào)告編制過(guò)程中特別注意合理布局、節(jié)省投資、選用先進(jìn)適用可靠的技術(shù)，降低定額消

48、耗和減少人員投入以提高企業(yè)的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益。 在可靠的前提下，盡可能提高國(guó)產(chǎn)化的程度 近年來(lái)，包頭明天化學(xué)工程有限公司設(shè)計(jì)了多套1020萬(wàn)噸/年硫鐵礦制酸裝置和硫磺制酸裝置，均獲得成功。在這些裝置的設(shè)計(jì)、建設(shè)和生產(chǎn)過(guò)程中，我們已經(jīng)積累了成熟的技術(shù)和豐富的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。因此，本項(xiàng)目在技術(shù)上先進(jìn)、合理、可靠的前提下，采用國(guó)產(chǎn)化技術(shù)和裝備，有利于降低項(xiàng)目投資，也有利于促進(jìn)國(guó)內(nèi)硫酸工業(yè)的發(fā)展。 嚴(yán)格執(zhí)行國(guó)家及地區(qū)環(huán)保法規(guī)、“三廢”治理達(dá)標(biāo)后排放，控制對(duì)環(huán)境的污染，建設(shè)清潔生產(chǎn)裝置。工程建設(shè)嚴(yán)格按照國(guó)家“三同時(shí)”的規(guī)定執(zhí)行。 設(shè)計(jì)認(rèn)真貫徹國(guó)家產(chǎn)業(yè)政策、國(guó)家和行業(yè)的節(jié)能設(shè)計(jì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

49、。 貫徹“安全第一，預(yù)防為主”的方針，遵循現(xiàn)行的防火、安全衛(wèi)生和勞動(dòng)保護(hù)等有關(guān)規(guī)范，確保本項(xiàng)目投產(chǎn)后能安全穩(wěn)定生產(chǎn)，符合職工安全衛(wèi)生的要求，保障勞動(dòng)者在勞動(dòng)過(guò)程中的安全和健康。1.3 項(xiàng)目背景1.3.1 項(xiàng)目簡(jiǎn)介廣西壯族自治區(qū)賀州市宏鑫化工有限公司12萬(wàn)噸/年硫鐵礦制酸項(xiàng)目是由賀州市宏鑫化工有限公司投資興建。該公司是以硫鐵礦制酸為主的企業(yè)。是具有獨(dú)立企業(yè)法人資格的有限公司。該項(xiàng)目的建設(shè)可以充分利用當(dāng)?shù)刎S富的硫鐵礦資源，更好地發(fā)揮公司的區(qū)域資源優(yōu)勢(shì)和市場(chǎng)優(yōu)勢(shì)，該項(xiàng)目的建設(shè)將使資源及能源優(yōu)勢(shì)轉(zhuǎn)化為產(chǎn)業(yè)優(yōu)勢(shì)。1.3.2 項(xiàng)目建設(shè)的必要性和投資意義近年來(lái)，隨著中國(guó)現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)的需要，各行業(yè)

50、對(duì)硫酸的需求量均呈上升趨勢(shì)。國(guó)內(nèi)硫酸產(chǎn)量增長(zhǎng)也較快，但它是隨著耗酸大戶磷復(fù)肥工業(yè)大幅度增長(zhǎng)而增長(zhǎng)的，近年來(lái)硫酸產(chǎn)品的短缺局面雖已有所緩解，但整體的不平衡仍相當(dāng)嚴(yán)重，我國(guó)硫酸的市場(chǎng)缺口依然存在。硫酸是重要的基本化工原料，是世界上生產(chǎn)量最大的化工產(chǎn)品，廣泛應(yīng)用于各行各業(yè)。主要用于磷肥、復(fù)肥行業(yè)，占硫酸總需求量的70左右；其次用于有色冶煉、石油化工、紡織印染、國(guó)防軍工以及農(nóng)藥、醫(yī)藥、制革、煉焦、鋼鐵等工業(yè)部門(mén)，用途極為廣泛。目前，廣西壯族自治區(qū)賀州市及周邊地區(qū)硫酸市場(chǎng)緊俏，缺口很大，價(jià)格上漲。賀州周邊酸用戶有鈦白粉廠和錳礦廠，每年硫酸用量在20萬(wàn)噸以上。硫酸是重要的工業(yè)原料之一，隨著賀州及周邊地區(qū)工

51、業(yè)的發(fā)展，為了更好地發(fā)揮公司的區(qū)域資源優(yōu)勢(shì)和市場(chǎng)優(yōu)勢(shì)，投資建設(shè)12萬(wàn)噸/年硫酸項(xiàng)目是十分必要的，完全符合國(guó)家的發(fā)展規(guī)劃，有著重大的意義。1.4 研究范圍1.4.1 原料工段1.4.2 焙燒工段1.4.3 凈化工段1.4.4 轉(zhuǎn)化工段1.4.5 干吸及成品工段1.4.6 循環(huán)水站1.4.7 配電所和控制室1.4.8 公用工程及輔助設(shè)施1.5 研究結(jié)論1.5.1 研究的簡(jiǎn)要結(jié)論 本項(xiàng)目的產(chǎn)品方案符合國(guó)家產(chǎn)業(yè)政策和市場(chǎng)需求，生產(chǎn)規(guī)模適中，達(dá)到了經(jīng)濟(jì)生產(chǎn)規(guī)模。裝置采用工藝技術(shù)適度先進(jìn)，技術(shù)成熟可靠，工藝技術(shù)路線合理可行。投資回收期較短、經(jīng)濟(jì)效益顯著。 本項(xiàng)目在環(huán)境保護(hù)、勞動(dòng)

52、安全和工業(yè)衛(wèi)生方面治理措施有效，可以達(dá)到國(guó)家規(guī)定的要求。 該項(xiàng)目投產(chǎn)后，可帶動(dòng)本地區(qū)相關(guān)配套企業(yè)的發(fā)展，為社會(huì)提供更多的就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)。 綜上所述，該項(xiàng)目生產(chǎn)工藝成熟，產(chǎn)品市場(chǎng)前景看好，經(jīng)濟(jì)效益顯著，同時(shí)具有明顯的環(huán)境效益和社會(huì)效益，在技術(shù)上和經(jīng)濟(jì)上都是可行的，因此本項(xiàng)目可行。附：主要技術(shù)經(jīng)濟(jì)指標(biāo)主要技術(shù)經(jīng)濟(jì)指標(biāo) 表1-1序號(hào)項(xiàng)目名稱單 位數(shù) 量備 注一裝置生產(chǎn)規(guī)模生產(chǎn)規(guī)模Kt/a120以100%H2SO4計(jì)二產(chǎn)品方案198%H2SO4Kt/a124.42電Kkwh/a210003鐵精砂Kt/a103三年操作時(shí)間年操作日天333.3年操作小時(shí)h8000四主要原材料、燃料用量1硫鐵礦S:

53、32% （干基）kt/a1292催化劑 t/a113輕柴油t/a78五公用動(dòng)力消耗量1供水（新鮮水）m3/h105正常2供電設(shè)備總?cè)萘縆w5560計(jì)算負(fù)荷Kw2175年耗電量Kwh1.74x107六三廢排放量1廢 氣Nm3/h28712SO2含量:702mg/Nm32廢 渣kt/a無(wú)付產(chǎn)品鐵精砂3稀硫酸(5% H2SO4)t/a20000中和處理七運(yùn)輸量1運(yùn)入量kta1292運(yùn)出量kta239八裝置定員人87九裝置占地面積公頃2.69十項(xiàng)目總投資萬(wàn)元6265.211固定資產(chǎn)投資（1）建設(shè)投資萬(wàn)元4813.25其中資本金萬(wàn)元4813.25（2）建設(shè)期利息萬(wàn)元0.002流動(dòng)資金萬(wàn)元1451.96其

54、中30%鋪底流動(dòng)資金萬(wàn)元422.33十一報(bào)批項(xiàng)目總投資萬(wàn)元5248.83十二年銷售收入萬(wàn)元13469.28正常年份十三平均總成本費(fèi)用萬(wàn)元8254.21十四平均利潤(rùn)總額萬(wàn)元4392.74十五平均銷售稅金萬(wàn)元552.94十六財(cái)務(wù)評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)1投資利潤(rùn)率%70.112投資利稅率%78.943投資回收期所得稅前年2.5含建設(shè)期所得稅后年2.12含建設(shè)期4財(cái)務(wù)內(nèi)部收益率所得稅前%78.89所得稅后%60.155財(cái)務(wù)凈現(xiàn)值所得稅前萬(wàn)元34201.70i=9%所得稅后萬(wàn)元24923.87i=9%6盈虧平衡點(diǎn)%27.362 市場(chǎng)預(yù)測(cè)2.1 國(guó)內(nèi)、外市場(chǎng)情況預(yù)測(cè)2.1.1 產(chǎn)品現(xiàn)狀及用途 硫酸是重要的基本化工原料，

55、是世界上生產(chǎn)量最大的化工產(chǎn)品，廣泛應(yīng)用于各行各業(yè)。主要用于磷肥、復(fù)肥行業(yè)，占硫酸總需求量的70%左右；其次用于有色冶煉、石油化工、紡織印染、國(guó)防軍工以及農(nóng)藥、醫(yī)藥、制革、煉焦、鋼鐵等工業(yè)部門(mén)，用途極為廣泛。 硫酸的生產(chǎn)原料主要有硫磺、硫鐵礦、天然石膏、磷石膏以及含SO2的冶煉煙氣。世界上硫酸生產(chǎn)原料主要以硫磺為主。以2000年世界硫酸生產(chǎn)為例，當(dāng)年世界硫酸總產(chǎn)量15877.9萬(wàn)噸，其中，硫磺制酸占64.7%；冶煉煙氣制酸等占26.3%；硫鐵礦制酸占9.0%。由于硫鐵礦包括有色金屬伴生副產(chǎn)的硫精砂是我國(guó)的主要硫資源，我國(guó)的硫酸生產(chǎn)原料原來(lái)一直以硫鐵礦為主。1995年以后，我國(guó)硫酸生產(chǎn)的原料結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)

56、生了很大的變化。硫鐵礦制酸比例逐年下降，由1995年的81.6%，下降到2002年的39.5%。但是由于國(guó)際市場(chǎng)硫磺供應(yīng)偏緊，價(jià)格居高不下，進(jìn)入2007年以來(lái)國(guó)內(nèi)已出現(xiàn)將硫磺制酸改造為硫鐵礦制酸的現(xiàn)象。2.1.2 國(guó)內(nèi)外硫酸市場(chǎng)供需情況2005年全國(guó)硫酸表觀消費(fèi)量3231.83萬(wàn)噸，其中化肥用酸量2323.9萬(wàn)噸，占硫酸總消費(fèi)量的71.9%，比2004年增長(zhǎng)16.95%，磷復(fù)肥用酸量2045.2萬(wàn)噸，占硫酸總消費(fèi)量的63.28%，比2004年增長(zhǎng)11.59%。“九五”期間高濃度磷復(fù)肥迅速發(fā)展促進(jìn)了硫酸消費(fèi)量的增長(zhǎng)。2007年，我國(guó)硫酸裝置的總生產(chǎn)能力（產(chǎn)能）約6800萬(wàn)噸，生產(chǎn)量5700萬(wàn)噸，占全球產(chǎn)量的25.7%，居全球硫酸產(chǎn)量的首位，而且在進(jìn)入21世紀(jì)的7年中，全球硫酸產(chǎn)量共增加了2930.7萬(wàn)噸，中國(guó)就增加了2589