2014高考英語閱讀理解抓分訓(xùn)練精品（41）及答案

1、祝學(xué)子學(xué)業(yè)有成，取得好成績 2014高考英語閱讀理解抓分訓(xùn)練精品（41）及答案閱讀理解-bunited states capitolit serves as the seat of government for the us congress. it is localted in washington,d。c.，on top of capitol hill at the eastern end of the national mall.officially， both the east and west sides of the capitol are referred to as “fron

2、ts，”historically,however, the east front was initially the side of the building intended for the arrival of visitors and famous guests。phone：(202） 225-6827official website:hours：monday-saturday：9:00 a。m.-4：30 p。m。international spy museum it is a privately owned museum dedicated to the fid

3、ld of espionage localed in washington。d.c.,the museum was built by the malrite company at a cost of us 40 million。despite being one of the few museums in washington that charges admission fees，it has been popular since its opening in july 2002。phone：（202) 393-7798official website：ho

4、urs:monday-sunday:9:30 a。m.6:00 p。m.national museum of natural historyit is a natural history museum administered by the smithsonian institution,localed on the national mall in washington，d。c。，admission is free and the museum is open 364 days a year,the museums collertions total over 125 million spe

5、ciments of plants，animals,fossils，minerals，rocks,meteorites（隕石)，and human cultural artifacts ,making it the largest such museum anywhere .it is the second most popular of all of the smithsonian museums and is also home to aboud 185 professional matural history scientists the largest group of scienti

6、sts dedicated to the study of the natural and cultural history in the world.phone：(202) 633-1000official website:jefferson memorial it is a presidential memorial in washington，d。c.，dedicated to thomas jefferson,an american founding father and the third president of the united states，th

7、e neoclassical building was designed by john russell pope, it was built by philadelphia contractor john mc.shain 。construction began in 1939,the building was completed in 1942,and the bronze statue of jefferson was added in 1947 ,when completed,the memorial occupied one of the last significant sites

8、 left in the city。phone：(202） 426-6821official wdhsite:/thje60.which admission is free?a。united states capitol b。jefferson memorial c.international spy museum d.national museum of natural history61.visitors can learn more about in the jefferson memorial。a.the third american president b.th

9、e us governmentc。rock collections d。natural history62。where does this text probably come from?a.a science textbook b。a tourist guidec。a museum guide d。a history report【參考答案】dab 【考點(diǎn)定位】 2013考綱解讀和近幾年考點(diǎn)分布 高考對說明文的考查多為科普說明文，它是閱讀理解重要內(nèi)容，也是高考考查難點(diǎn)?？破疹悺伴喿x理解”題愈來愈受到命題者的青睞而科普類文章往往具有跨學(xué)科行文邏輯性強(qiáng)等特點(diǎn),要求考生能從文章的整體邏輯以及重要細(xì)

10、節(jié)上全面把握【試題特點(diǎn)】 注重學(xué)科滲透，行文邏輯性強(qiáng),內(nèi)容抽象 貼近學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)生活實(shí)際,有利于激發(fā)學(xué)生的思維，對選拔優(yōu)秀考生有一定的作用 能全面地考查學(xué)生的綜合閱讀能力和運(yùn)用所學(xué)知識去分析解決實(shí)際問題的能力（4)科學(xué)方法圖示判斷題 科普說明文常出現(xiàn)科學(xué)方法圖示判斷題,這種試題或以生物依賴關(guān)系為命題題點(diǎn)，要求考生判斷正確的生物依賴關(guān)系；或以工藝流程為命題題點(diǎn)，要求考生判斷正確的流程順序，或以生產(chǎn)方法為命題題點(diǎn)，要求考生判斷正確的生產(chǎn)方法；或以機(jī)械配制為命題題點(diǎn)，要求考生判斷正確的機(jī)械配制。解題時一定要認(rèn)真閱讀分析原文對生物依賴關(guān)系、發(fā)明創(chuàng)造誕生過程和工藝流程過程的介紹，并且邊讀邊畫簡易草圖,以提

11、高理解準(zhǔn)確率.分析備選項(xiàng)時應(yīng)對照原文介紹情況，找出各圖不同之處,以便最終做出正確判斷?！究键c(diǎn)pk】 名師考點(diǎn)透析考點(diǎn)一、細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)理解。一篇文章必然是由許多具體的細(xì)節(jié)、具體的內(nèi)容構(gòu)成的,所有這些信息以某種順序（時間、空間、情感變化等）排列起來，來進(jìn)一步解釋或闡釋主題，體現(xiàn)文章的主旨大意。細(xì)節(jié)理解題目主要考查學(xué)生對文章具體事實(shí)和細(xì)節(jié)的理解能力，屬于表層理解題范疇，難度較小,但在整個閱讀理解題中所占比例最大,細(xì)節(jié)理解題多從文章的某個具體事實(shí)或細(xì)節(jié)出發(fā)來設(shè)計題目。此類題通常根據(jù)文章具體內(nèi)容來設(shè)問，也常使用下列方式來提問1。which of the following statements is(not

12、) true/correct?2.which of the following is not mentioned？3.all of the following are true except.。4.according to the passage，when/where/why/how/how/what/which,etc.。？1.直接事實(shí)題 在解答這類問題時要求學(xué)生抓住題干文字信息，采用針對性方法進(jìn)行閱讀，因?yàn)檫@類題的答案在文章中可以直接找到。 如：a giant dam was built many years ago to control the colorado river in the

13、 u。s。this dam was built to protect the land and houses around the river.this huge dam is in the black canyon。it is possible to drive a car from one side of the river to the other on a road,which is on the top of the dam.this dam is so big that there is an elevator inside。the elevator goes down forty

14、-four stories from the road to the bottom.there is enough concrete in this dam to build a highway from new york to san francisco。thousands of people worked on this dam for five years.this huge dam was called boulder dam when it was finished in 1936.later it was renamed hoover dam in honor of a presi

15、dent of the united states。hoover dam，one of the highest dams in the world,is situated between the states of arizona and nevada.q：hoover dam lies_ 。a.between arizna and nevadab.in the black canyonc.between new york and san franciscod。both a and b【解析】由第二段的第一句話和最后一段的最后一句話可得出正確答案是d項(xiàng).2.間接事實(shí)題 解答此類題，需要結(jié)合上下

16、文提供的語境和信息進(jìn)行簡單的概括和判斷或者要進(jìn)行簡單的計算。invited by mr。ye huixian，host of the well-received tv programme“stars tonight”，miss luo lin,miss asia of 1991，appeared as the guest hostess on the shanghai tv screen last sunday.born in shanghai and taken to hongkong when she was only six years old,luo lin has never dre

17、amed of being miss asia.her childhood dream was to be an air hostess。before she took part in the competition,she had been an airhostess in cathay airline for seven years。however， it still took her three months to learn the art of walking on the stage，dancing，singing，making-up and other proper manner

18、s，designed by the asia tv station.“its really a hard job for me。i wont enter for such competition any more.anyhow，i am quite lucky.i am also glad to have had more chance to work for the social welfare since i won the title。this time，in shanghai,id love to make a deep impression on my tv audience,”sa

19、id luo lin with a sweet smile。q：which of the following is not true？a。luo lin is a native of shanghai.b.luo lin moved to hongkong with her parents。c.luo lin won the title of miss asia in 1991。d.asia tv station helped luo lin to become miss asia.【解析】a、c和d項(xiàng)都可在原文找到答案，而b項(xiàng)原文所給的是:taken to hongkong可判斷不是move

20、d to hongkong with her parents，因此選b. 3、數(shù)據(jù)推算.if you register both the view qualification course and the forum at the same time，you will save_ .二、此類題的設(shè)問方式1。what would be the best title for the text？2.what does the second paragraph mainly discuss？3.what is the passage mainly about?4。the main purpose of

21、 announcing the above events is_.考點(diǎn)三、推理推斷。推理題要求考生根據(jù)文章提供的事實(shí)和線索進(jìn)行邏輯推理,推斷出作者沒有提到或者沒有明說的事實(shí)或者可能發(fā)生的事實(shí)。這類題旨在考查學(xué)生透過詞語的字面意義去理解作者的言外之意或弦外之音的能力,屬于深層理解題。此類題的設(shè)問常常包括infer,imply，suggest，conclude 等詞，這類題的設(shè)問方式主要有：1。we can infer from the passage that_。2。what can be inferred from the passage?3.which of the following ca

22、n be inferred from the passage?4.it can be inferred from paragraph 3 that_.5.the author suggests in this paragraph that_.6.the writer implies that_.7。it can be inferred that_。8.it can be concluded from the passage that_。9.on the whole，we can conclude that_.10。from the text we can conclude that_。11。a

23、fter reading the passage we may conclude that_.12。what conclusion can be drawn from the passage？13。the author is inclined to think that_。14.when the writer talks about,what he really means is that_. 15.whats the writers attitude/feeling towards。?16.in the writers opinion,.考點(diǎn)四、詞義、句義猜測.詞義猜測閱讀理解題考查對文中關(guān)

24、鍵詞語的理解.在閱讀理解題中,所考查的詞或短語的意義往往不停留在字面上，要根據(jù)語境來判斷。此類題的設(shè)問方式主要有1。the word “.。”in line.。.means/can be replaced by。. 2。as used in the passage,the phrase “。.suggests.。3。from the passage，we can infer that the word/phrase “.。 is/referred to.。.4。the word “.。. is closest in meaning to。.猜詞是應(yīng)用英語的重要能力，也是高考中常用的題型。它不但

25、需要準(zhǔn)確無誤地理解上下文,而且要有較大的泛讀量，掌握或認(rèn)識較多的課外詞匯。我們要學(xué)會“順藤摸瓜”,通過構(gòu)詞、語法、定義、同位、對比、因果、常識、上下文等線索確定詞義。1。定義法。如：annealing is a way of making metal softer by heating it and then letting it cool very slowly.句子給予annealing 以明確的定義，即 “退火”。it will be very hard but also very brittlethat is，it will break easily。從后面的解釋中我們可以了解到bri

26、ttle 是“脆”的意思.the herdsman,who looks after sheep，earns about 650 yuan a year。定語從句中 looks after sheep 就表明了 herdsman 的詞義為“牧人”.2。同位法.如:they traveled a long way and at last got to a castle，a large building in old times。同位語部分a large building in old times 給出了 castle 的確切詞義，即“城堡”。we are on the night shift-fr

27、om midnight to 8 a。m.-this week.兩個破折號之間的短語很清楚地表明night shift 是“夜班”的意思。3.對比法。如：she is usually prompt for all her class,but today she arrived in the middle of her first class.but一詞表轉(zhuǎn)折，因此but 前后的意思正相反。后半句的意思是“她今天第一節(jié)上了一半才來”，因此反向推理，可得出她平時一向“準(zhǔn)時”的結(jié)論。4。構(gòu)詞法(前綴、后綴、復(fù)合、派生等)。如:perhaps，we can see some possibilities

28、 for next fifty years。but the next hundred?possibility 是 possible 的同根名詞，據(jù)此可以判斷定 possibility 意思是“可能性”。5.因果法。如:the lack of movement caused the muscles to weaken.sometimes the weakness was permanent。so the player could never play the sport again。 從后面的結(jié)果“永遠(yuǎn)不能再運(yùn)動”中，可以推測 permanent 的意思為“永遠(yuǎn)的，永久。c52013新課標(biāo)全國卷

29、 cit happened to me recently。i was telling someone how much i had enjoyed reading barack obamas dreams from my father and how it had changed my views of our president.a friend i was talking to agreed with me that it was，in his words,“a brilliantly（精彩地）written book”however，he then went on to talk abo

30、ut mr obama in a way which suggested he had no idea of his background at all.i sensed that i was talking to a book liar. and it seems that my friend is not the only one.approximately two thirds of people have lied about reading a book which they havent.in the world book days “report on guilty secret

31、s”，dreams from my father is at number 9。the report lists ten books，and various authors，which people have lied about reading，and as im not one to lie too often （id hate to be caught out）,ill admit here and now that i havent read the entire top ten.but i am pleased to say that，unlike 42 percent of peo

32、ple，i have read the book at number one,george orwells 1984。i think its really brilliant。the world book day report also has some other interesting information in it.it says that many people lie about having read jane austen,charles dickens，fyodor dostoevsky(i havent read him，but havent lied about it

33、either )and herman melville。asked why they lied,the most common reason was to“impress”someone they were speaking to。this could be tricky if the conversation became more indepth!but when asked which authors they actually enjoy，people named jk.rowling，john grisham,sophie kinsella（ah,the big sellers，in

34、 other words）fortytwo percent of people asked admitted they turned to the back of the book to read the end before finishing the story(ill come clean:i do this and am astonished that 58 percent said they had never done so）64how did the author find his friend a book liar?aby judging his manner of spea

35、king。bby looking into his background.cby mentioning a famous name.dby discussing the book itself。65which of the following is a “guilty secret” according to the world book day report?acharles dickens is very low on the topten list。b42% of people pretended to have read 1984。cthe author admitted having

36、 read 9 books。ddreams from my father is hardly read。66by lying about reading，a person hopes to _acontrol the conversationbappear knowledgeableclearn about the bookdmake more friends67what is the authors attitude to 58 of readers?afavorable.buncaring.cdoubtful。dfriendly.【要點(diǎn)綜述】 本文是一篇議論文。作者通過與朋友聊天引出本文的

37、話題book liar，列舉了大家謊稱讀了實(shí)際未讀的書目,以及大家喜歡的一些作家，并闡述了人們?nèi)鲋e的常見理由。64d細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段可知，作者跟他的朋友深談有關(guān)奧巴馬的那本書時，發(fā)現(xiàn)朋友對奧巴馬的背景一無所知,這暗示出朋友其實(shí)并沒有讀過這本書。故選d.65b推理判斷題.本題的關(guān)鍵詞是guilty secret，定位第二、三段.根據(jù)文章第二段中的“but i am pleased to say that, unlike 42 percent of people, i have read the book at number one， george orwells 1984.”可知，作者

38、讀過1984這本書，而42的人沒讀過卻裝作讀過。故選b.66b細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段中的“asked why they lied， the most common reason was to impress someone they were speaking to.”可知，人們之所以選擇撒謊是想讓對方覺得自己知識淵博,從而給對方留一個好的印象.因此b正確。67c推理判斷題。文章第五段的最后一句話表明作者的態(tài)度，故選c.閱讀理解ayou know the horse-riding events at the olympics? do the horses get medals？no the

39、y dont, only the men and women.men and women？thats right。 equestrian is the only olympic sport in which men and women compete against each other.really？yes， and its also the only olympic sport, along with modern pentathlon（五項(xiàng)全能運(yùn)動）, where humans and animals compete together.well, people have ridden h

40、orses since the beginning of time, havent they?i dont know but horses have played an important role in human history all over the world, in war and peace。and when did they start using horses for sport?hard to say， but there were horses at the ancient olympics， in the chariot(戰(zhàn)車） events。did anyone fa

41、mous take part？well， the roman emperor nero competed in the games in a。d。 67。 he nearly died when he raced a ten-horse chariot. he also performed as an actor and a singer。is that right? what about the modern olympics? they dont have chariot races nowadays， do they？no， nor acting or singing， either. but equestrian first appeared in the modern olympi