英文合同常見實(shí)詞

1、英文合同常見實(shí)詞(content words)1 represent, warrant, undertake, guarantee在英文合同中這幾個(gè)詞都表示“保證”的含義。represent 往往和warrant連用，出現(xiàn)在合同的聲明保證部分：例如：both the seller and the purchaser warrant and represent that no broker was involved in negotiating this purchase and sale, and both the seller and the purchaser agree to indem

2、nify and hold each other harmless against any and all claims for brokerage.買賣雙方保證并聲明沒有中介介入交易磋商，且保證賠償對(duì)方因中介引起的索賠并使其免受損害。例如：under fob terms, the seller shall undertake to load the contracted goods on board the vessel nominated by the buyer on any date notified by the buyer, within the time of shipment

3、as stipulated in clause 8 of this contract.根據(jù)離岸價(jià)格術(shù)語(yǔ)，賣方應(yīng)保證根據(jù)在本合同第八條規(guī)定的時(shí)限內(nèi)，按買方通知的日期，裝運(yùn)貨物至買方指定船只。例如：party b guarantees that the machines and equipment are unused, sophisticated and of best quality, and that the machines and equipment are capable of manufacturing the steel wire rope.乙方保證機(jī)器設(shè)備未經(jīng)使用，性能良好、品質(zhì)

4、卓越而且該設(shè)備能生產(chǎn)出鋼絲繩。2 principal place of business (principal office), domicile, business premise, registered office在英文合同中，這幾個(gè)詞的意思分別是：“主營(yíng)業(yè)地”、“住所地”、“營(yíng)業(yè)場(chǎng)所”、“注冊(cè)地”。往往出現(xiàn)在前言的“parties”部分。例如：this contract made on april 1, 19- -, at _, china, between abc co. with its principal office at _, china (hereinafter calle

5、d party a), and xyz co. with its principal office at_, usa (hereinafter called party b).本合同于19*年4月1日于中國(guó)*簽訂，合同雙方為abc公司（以下簡(jiǎn)稱甲方），其主營(yíng)業(yè)地位于中國(guó)*，和xyz公司（以下簡(jiǎn)稱乙方），其主營(yíng)業(yè)地為美國(guó)*。例如：if franchisee is declared in default of the agreement, the franchiser has the right to conclude the terms of the agreement and also has

6、 the right, without notice to execute any dutiful and authorized acts, on the business premise necessary.如被特許方承認(rèn)違約，許可方則有權(quán)終止該協(xié)議且有權(quán)未經(jīng)通知在必要的營(yíng)業(yè)場(chǎng)所采取任何盡責(zé)和授權(quán)行為。例如：employment agreement is made and entered into on _ day of _ (month), _ (year), by and between: _ (hereinafter referred to as the company), a cor

7、poration organized and existing under the laws of the state of _, with its registered office located at _, and _ (hereinafter referred to as the employee), an individual, with nationality of _ (passport no._) residing at _.本聘用協(xié)議訂立于*年*月*日，協(xié)議雙方為*（以下本公司），其按*州法律組織設(shè)立，注冊(cè)地為*，和*，自然人，國(guó)籍為*國(guó)，護(hù)照號(hào)碼為*，住址為*。例如： th

8、e arbitration shall be conducted in the country of the domicile of the defendant. 本仲裁應(yīng)在被申請(qǐng)人住所地的國(guó)家進(jìn)行。3 chapter, article, section, clause, paragraph, subparagraph英文合同中的“章”、“條”、“款”、“項(xiàng)” 分別用chapter, article/section/clause, paragraph, subparagraph表示。例如：the borrower further irrevocably consents to service

9、of process upon it out of said courts in any such action or proceeding by mailing copies thereof by united stated registered air mail, postage prepaid, to the borrower at the address specified in section 10. 5 hereof.借款人進(jìn)一步不可撤消同意上述法院就該事宜訴訟或程序的送達(dá)，接受按照本合同第十條第五款指定的借款人地址寄來的美國(guó)航空掛號(hào)信，郵資已付郵件中的副本。4 have the

10、right to do, be entitled to, may do, reserve the right to do, be (duly) authorized to do, have the authority to do, do sth at ones option or/and discretion, be liberty to do這一組短語(yǔ)是都表示“有權(quán)做”。be entitled to表示to give sb. the right to sth.(to sth.)體現(xiàn)該權(quán)利法律上的強(qiáng)制性。reserve the right to do表示to have a specified

11、power of right in law體現(xiàn)法律上規(guī)定的權(quán)利。而be authorized to do, have the authority to do指經(jīng)授權(quán)而有的權(quán)利，至于do sth. at ones option or/and discretion則指行為人自主決定的權(quán)利。例如：the buyer shall nevertheless have the right to cancel in part or in whole of the contract without prejudice to the buyers right to claim compensations.盡管如

12、此，買方有權(quán)撤消合同的全部或部分，概不妨礙買方索賠權(quán)之行使。例如：in circumstance provided above in clause 14.1 c or new company shall, at its sole option and discretion, be entitled to transfer to b all or part of c or new companys proprietary rights and ownership of the infrastructure project, under construction or after completi

13、on date, as liquidated damages, in lieu of computing and compensating the actual damages provided that such transfer shall be conducted of cs own free will or rendered in the arbitration award as stipulated in clause 23.在上述第十四條第一款規(guī)定的情形下，丙方或新公司自行選擇決斷有權(quán)向乙方轉(zhuǎn)讓丙方或新公司的所有權(quán)及在建或竣工后基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施的所有權(quán)的全部或部分作為約定的固定數(shù)額的違約金

14、來替代計(jì)算賠償實(shí)際損害，但該轉(zhuǎn)讓應(yīng)為丙方自己自愿實(shí)施的行為或根據(jù)二十三條的規(guī)定基于仲裁裁決的處分。又如：the buyer shall establish the covering letter of credit before the date specified in clause three of this sales confirmation, failing which the seller reserves the right to rescind without further notice, or to accept whole or any part of this sale

15、s confirmation not fulfilled by the buyer, or to lodge a claim for losses sustained, if any.買方須于銷售確認(rèn)書第三條所規(guī)定的日期之前開出本批交易的信用證。否則，售方有權(quán)不經(jīng)通知取消本確認(rèn)書，或接受買方對(duì)本銷售確認(rèn)書未履行的全部或一部分，或?qū)σ虼嗽馐艿膿p失提出索賠。再如：the supervision personnel appointed by party a and its representative shall have the authority to supervise the progres

16、s of work and give instruction.甲方任命的監(jiān)管人員及其代表應(yīng)有權(quán)監(jiān)督工程進(jìn)度并發(fā)出指令。5 perform, fulfill, execute, implement英文合同表示合同履行時(shí)經(jīng)常用到這幾個(gè)詞，perform表示to do what one party is obliged to do by a contract泛指雙方履行合同的各項(xiàng)責(zé)任和義務(wù)，而fulfill表示to do everything which is promised in a contract強(qiáng)調(diào)合同一方具體履行合同的義務(wù)。execute implement表示則強(qiáng)調(diào)具體實(shí)施，execu

17、te也有簽約、生效的用法。例如：with respect to the outstanding 180 m/t of low-density polyethylene ny2-11 under contract no. 79hp-106, we insist that you must open the covering letter of credit the soonest possible to secure the performance of the contract. we hereby would like to call your attention to the fact t

18、hat the adviser inc., who purchased ldpe ny2-11 from us at the same time as you did have fulfilled their commitment under the previous contract not long after we offered our regulated price and signed a new contract covering substantial quality.有關(guān)第79hp-106號(hào)合同項(xiàng)下180公噸的低密度聚乙烯（ny2-11）未付款項(xiàng)，我方堅(jiān)持要求貴方盡快開立信用

19、證以保證合同的履行。我方在此提請(qǐng)貴方注意該事實(shí)，同時(shí)從我公司購(gòu)買低密度聚乙烯（ny2-11）的adviser公司已經(jīng)按先前的合同履行完義務(wù)，不久后，我方就提供了調(diào)整的價(jià)格并簽訂了一份產(chǎn)品品質(zhì)優(yōu)良的新合同。 例如：each of the parties to this agreement shall use its reasonable best efforts to effect the transactions contemplated hereby and to fulfill and cause to be fulfilled the conditions to closing unde

20、r this agreement including, without limitation, parent using reasonable best efforts to obtain the parent stockholder approval at the meeting of parents stockholders scheduled to be held on june 25, 1999 or at any adjournment or postponement thereof (the june 25 meeting). each party hereto, at the r

21、easonable request of another party hereto, shall execute and deliver such other instruments and do and perform such other acts and things as may be necessary or desirable for effecting completely the consummation of this agreement and the transactions contemplated hereby.合同任一方應(yīng)竭盡全力來完成在此預(yù)期的交易并按本協(xié)議履行或

22、促使交易的成交條件的履行。包括但不限于母公司盡力按日程在1999年6月25日召開的母公司股東會(huì)或該日期延后或休會(huì)期間通過母公司股東批準(zhǔn)。本合同一方應(yīng)在他方合理的要求下，應(yīng)簽署并交付其他文件并切實(shí)履行本協(xié)議和預(yù)期交易完全成就所必需或需要的行為和事宜。例如：all disputes arising in connection with this contract or in the execution thereof, should be settled amicably through negotiations. 所有與合同或合同履行有關(guān)的爭(zhēng)議，應(yīng)通過友好協(xié)商解決。例如：all expenses

23、 of keeping the books and records of the company and the preparation of financial statements required to implement the provisions of this agreement or otherwise needed for the conduct of the companys business shall be borne by the company.所有履行本協(xié)議規(guī)定所要求的或其他本公司經(jīng)營(yíng)所需要的保存本公司賬冊(cè)記錄和準(zhǔn)備財(cái)務(wù)報(bào)表的費(fèi)用由本公司承擔(dān)。6 abide by

24、, observe, obey, comply with這幾個(gè)詞在英文合同中都表示“遵守，服從，”的意思。comply with的主語(yǔ)通常是sth.而observe和abide by則的主語(yǔ)通常是sb.例如：the delivered equipment shall be installed and tested by party b and shall fully comply with the technical requirements and processing quality of the contract.所交付的設(shè)備應(yīng)由乙方安裝調(diào)試，應(yīng)完全符合本合同的技術(shù)要求和工藝質(zhì)量。例如：

25、the contractor shall observe and abide by all applicable laws, rules and regulations in connection with the work.承包人必須遵守和服從與該工程有關(guān)的一切適用法律規(guī)章和條例。7 have the legal obligation to do, be obliged/obligated to, shall do, be under the obligation to do,be liable/responsible to do, be liable/responsible for,在英文

26、合同中這一組短語(yǔ)都表達(dá)“有責(zé)任、有義務(wù)”。shall do sth.在第二章英文合同特點(diǎn)時(shí)，已經(jīng)述及，在此不再贅述。其他短語(yǔ)的用法，參看下例：例1：the company has no legal obligation, absolute or contingent, to any other person to sell any material portion of the assets of the company, to sell any material portion of the capital stock or other ownership interests of the

27、company or any of its subsidiaries, or to effect any merger, consolidation or other reorganization of the company or any of its subsidiaries or to enter into any agreement with respect thereto.本公司沒有完全或隨附的任何法律義務(wù)向任何他人出售公司資產(chǎn)的任何重要部分，出售股本的任何重要部分或本公司或其任一子公司的其他所有權(quán)權(quán)益，或?qū)崿F(xiàn)本公司或任一子公司的并購(gòu)、合并或其他的重組或簽訂有關(guān)以上事項(xiàng)的協(xié)議。例2：

28、rcii is not under any legal obligation, whether written or oral, to do any of the foregoing. rcii公司沒有任何書面或口頭上的法律義務(wù)來做以上的任何一項(xiàng)。例3： in the case of dangerous and/or poisonous cargo (es), the seller is obliged/obligatedto take care to ensure that the nature and the generally adopted symbol shall be marked

29、 conspicuously on each package.在危險(xiǎn)或有毒貨物的情況下，賣方有義務(wù)照管確保其屬性安全且應(yīng)在每一包裝上標(biāo)注通常采用的標(biāo)識(shí)。within the time as notified by the buyer, after its arrival at the port of shipment the seller shall be fully liable to the buyer and responsible for all losses and expenses such as dead freight, demurrage.在買方通知的時(shí)限內(nèi)，抵達(dá)裝運(yùn)港后，賣

30、方應(yīng)對(duì)買方承擔(dān)全部責(zé)任并對(duì)諸如空倉(cāng)費(fèi)、延滯費(fèi)等所有損失和費(fèi)用負(fù)責(zé)。the seller shall not be held liable for failure or delay in delivery of the entire lot or a portion of the goods under this sales contract in consequence of any force majeure incidents.賣方對(duì)因任何不可抗力事件導(dǎo)致本買賣合同項(xiàng)下整批或部分貨物未能交付或延誤概不承擔(dān)責(zé)任。8. effect在基礎(chǔ)英語(yǔ)中，effect一般作名詞，指效果、影響，英文合同中

31、如：come into effect表示生效，sth. in effect表示生效的法律文件。除了這些基本用法外，effect還常用作動(dòng)詞表示“實(shí)現(xiàn)”、“完成”的意思。例如：this contract shall come into effect on the date when it is signed by both parties.本合同從雙方簽字之日起生效。the buyer shall accept the bill of exchange immediately upon the first presentation of the bill of exchange and the

32、required documents and shall effect the payment on the maturity date of the bill of exchange.匯票一經(jīng)承兌交單，買方應(yīng)在匯票到期時(shí)完成支付。此外，當(dāng)表達(dá)實(shí)際上，事實(shí)上的含義時(shí)，英文合同常用in effect, 而不是in fact.9counterpart, copy, duplicate, original在英文合同中，counterpart, copy, duplicate, original 都用作表示合同一式幾份。counterpart, copy和duplicate指副本，而original指

33、的是正本，而且duplicate就有雙重雙份的意思，也常見in duplicate的用法，與此類似的還有in triplicate（一式三份）, in quadruplicate（一式四份），in quintuplicate（一式五份），in sextuplicate （一式六份），in septuplicate（一式七份），in octuplicate （一式八份），in nonuplicate （一式九份），in decuplicate （一式十份）等等。例如：this agreement may be executed simultaneously in two or more coun

34、terparts. each counterpart shall be deemed an original, and all of the counterparts together shall constitute but one and the same instrument.本協(xié)議文本可同時(shí)簽署兩份或多份副本。每一副本應(yīng)視為一份原件，所有副本一起應(yīng)構(gòu)成唯一同一文件。10incur英文合同中incur指“招致，引起”，相當(dāng)于基礎(chǔ)英語(yǔ)中的cause。通常以過去分詞incurred形式出現(xiàn)。例如：in case her age exceeds 15 years, the extra aver

35、age insurance premium thus incurred shall be borne by the seller.如果她的年齡超過15歲，則由買方承擔(dān)因此產(chǎn)生的平均保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)以外的費(fèi)用。例如：no costs incurred in the manufacture, sale, distribution or exploitation of the articles shall be deducted from any royalty payable by licensee.產(chǎn)品的生產(chǎn)、銷售、分銷或開發(fā)引起的花費(fèi)不得從被許可方的使用費(fèi)中扣除。11to-wit作為法律專用語(yǔ)，to-w

36、it的意思為“即”，相當(dāng)于基礎(chǔ)英語(yǔ)中的“that is to say（i.e.）”。例如：witnesseth: that for and in consideration of the sum of one million eleven thousand one hundred fifty dollars ($1,011,150.00) cash in hand paid by the party of the second part to the party of the first part and other good andvaluable consideration, the re

37、ceipt and sufficiency of all of which are hereby acknowledged, the said party of the first part does hereby bargain, sell, grant and convey, in fee simple, with general warranty of title, unto the party of the second part, the following, to-wit:茲證明（通常省略不譯）：茲以乙方支付甲方的一百零一萬(wàn)一千一百五十美元現(xiàn)金和其他為約因，特此確認(rèn)充分并予接受，上

38、述甲方由此交易、出售、轉(zhuǎn)讓*，對(duì)所有權(quán)向乙方作一般保證如下，即：12sanction, approval, examination英文合同表示審批、批準(zhǔn)時(shí)，常常使用這幾個(gè)詞，sanction尤其專用于合同。例如：the amendment of the contract or other appendices shall come into force only after a written agreement has been signed by party a and party b and approved by the original examination and approva

39、l authority.本合同的修改或其他附件當(dāng)僅當(dāng)甲乙雙方簽署完書面協(xié)議后并經(jīng)原審批機(jī)關(guān)批準(zhǔn)后方能生效。例如：this sanction is lifted prospectively upon the filing of a proper registration.妥當(dāng)?shù)牡怯浬暾?qǐng)才會(huì)提交審批。此外，sanction在英文合同中也常作“制裁”解。例如：if licensee is joined in such proceeding, licensor shall indemnify andhold harmless licensee from and against any claim, s

40、anction, liability, damages, attorneys fees, judgments or orders of any kind arising out of such proceeding.如果被許可方參加該訴訟，許可方則應(yīng)保證賠償許可方由該訴訟導(dǎo)致的任何索賠、制裁、債務(wù)、損害賠償、律師費(fèi)、判決或任何裁令并保證免除被許可方有關(guān)責(zé)任。13do sth. in its entirety英文合同中do sth. in its entirety相當(dāng)于基礎(chǔ)英語(yǔ)中的do sth. totally或do sth. as a whole，表示完全徹底地做某事。例如：the aggre

41、gate revolving commitment (and the revolving commitment of each bank) shall terminate in its entirety on april 15, 1998 unless the closing date shall have occurred on or prior to such date.聯(lián)合周轉(zhuǎn)協(xié)議（及各銀行的周轉(zhuǎn)協(xié)議）應(yīng)在1998年4月15日完全終止，除非結(jié)算發(fā)生在當(dāng)天或先于該日期。14encumbrance, mortgage, charge, pledge, security, lien, secu

42、ritymortgage相當(dāng)于我國(guó)法律的抵押；pledge相當(dāng)于質(zhì)押，lien相當(dāng)于留置，security相當(dāng)于擔(dān)保，保證；encumbrance: a liability or claim which burdens property, e.g., a lease, mortgage, easement, restrictive covenant, rentcharge（dictionary of law, 6th edition, l.b.curzon）指在財(cái)產(chǎn)上設(shè)定的債務(wù)或債權(quán)，如：租賃、抵押、地役、限制性契約，收租。試譯為他物權(quán)。charge: 4. an encumbrance, e

43、.g., on land, which secures payments for money(idem) 一種擔(dān)保物權(quán)，如：土地上設(shè)定的用于付款的擔(dān)保，保證。例如：seller warrants that the goods are now free, and that at the time of delivery shall be free from any security interest or other lien or encumbrance.賣方保證貨物現(xiàn)無約束，交付時(shí)應(yīng)沒有設(shè)定擔(dān)保物權(quán)、其他留置權(quán)或債權(quán)。例如：during the joint venture term of t

44、he joint venture company, without party bs written consent, party a shall not create any option, right to acquire, mortgage, charge, pledge, lien, or any other form of security or encumbrance on, over, or affecting the whole or any part of its equity interest in the joint venture company.本合資公司合營(yíng)期間，未

45、經(jīng)乙方書面同意，甲方不得對(duì)本合資公司所有或部分股權(quán)設(shè)定期權(quán)、購(gòu)并權(quán)、抵押權(quán)、保證、抵押權(quán)、留置權(quán)、或其他任何形式的擔(dān)?；騻鶛?quán)，或因以上設(shè)定影響本合資公司的所有或部分股權(quán)。15pertinent, relevant這兩個(gè)詞都是作為形容詞“有關(guān)的，相關(guān)的”含義，出現(xiàn)在英文合同中，pertinent似乎較relevant更為正式。例如：all activities of the cooperative venture company shall be governed by the laws, decrees and pertinent rules and regulations of the pe

46、oples republic of china.合作經(jīng)營(yíng)企業(yè)的一切活動(dòng)均應(yīng)受中華人民共和國(guó)的法律、法令及有關(guān)規(guī)定和規(guī)章約制。再如：in accordance with the law of the peoples republic of china on chinese-foreign cooperative joint ventures and other relevant chinese laws and regulations, abc company and xyz company, in accordance with the principle of equality and mu

47、tual benefit and through friendly consultations, agree to jointly set up a cooperative venture in beijing, the peoples republic of china.根據(jù)中華人民共和國(guó)中外合作企業(yè)法及有關(guān)法律法規(guī)，abc公司與xyz公司，本著平等互利的原則，經(jīng)過友好協(xié)商，同意共同在中華人民共和國(guó)北京設(shè)立合作企業(yè)。16seek recourse to, resort to 在英文合同中都表示“求助于，訴諸于”的含義。例如：the arbitration shall take place i

48、n beijing and the decision of the arbitration commission shall be final and binding upon both parties; neither party shall seek recourse to a law court or other authorities to appeal for revision of the decision. arbitration fee shall be borne by the losing party.仲裁應(yīng)在北京進(jìn)行。仲裁委員會(huì)的裁定應(yīng)為終局性，對(duì)雙方均有約束力。任一方不

49、得訴諸于法院或其他機(jī)構(gòu)上訴尋求修正該裁定。仲裁費(fèi)應(yīng)由敗訴方承擔(dān)。又如：the exercise of a remedy does not waive the right of either party to resort to arbitration or reference.任一方行使補(bǔ)救權(quán)利不放棄其訴諸仲裁或仲裁程序的權(quán)利。 從一些合同的英文譯本中發(fā)現(xiàn)，這種公文語(yǔ)副同常被普通詞語(yǔ)所代替，從而影響到譯文的質(zhì)量。實(shí)際上，這種公文語(yǔ)慣用副詞為數(shù)并不多，而已構(gòu)詞簡(jiǎn)單易記。常用的這類副詞是由here、there、where等副詞分別加上after、by、in、of、on、to、under、upon、

50、with等副詞，構(gòu)成一體化形式的公文語(yǔ)副詞。例如：從此以后、今后：hereafter；此后、以后：thereafter；在其上：thereon,thereupon；在其下：thereunder；對(duì)于這個(gè)：hereto；對(duì)于那個(gè)：whereto；在上文：hereinabove，hereinbefore；在下文：hereinafter，hereinbelow；在上文中、在上一部分中：thereinbefore；在下文中、在下一部分中：thereinafter現(xiàn)用兩個(gè)實(shí)例，說明在英譯合同中如何酌情使用上述副詞。例1：本合同自買方和建造方簽署之日生效。this contract shall come

51、into force from the date of execution hereof by the buyer and the builder.例2：下述簽署人同意在中國(guó)制造新產(chǎn)品，其品牌以此為合適。the undersigned hereby agrees that the new products whereto this trade name is more appropriate are made in china.英文合同結(jié)構(gòu)與主要條款 - 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)英文合同通?？梢苑譃榍把裕╬reamble）、正文（habendum）、證明部分（attestation）、附錄（schedule）四大

52、部分組成。 1. 前言（preamble）部分 前言部分主要有如下內(nèi)容： (1) 指明簽約雙（各）方 例1： this joint venture agreement (agreement) is made as of june 3, 1998, by and between e*trade group, inc., a delaware corporation (e*trade), and softbank corp., a japanese corporation (softbank). e*trade and softbank are hereunder also referred to

53、 collectively as the parties and individually as a party. 例2： this development and supply agreement (the agreement) is entered into and is effective as of june 30, 1995 (the effective date), by and between jetfax, inc., a corporation duly organized and existing under the laws of delaware, u.s.a. wit

54、h its principal place of business at 1376 willow road, menlo park, california 94025 (jetfax), and samsung electronics corporation, a corporation duly organized and existing under the laws of the republic of korea, having its principal place of business at 20th floor, severance building, 84-11, 5-ka,

55、 namdaemoon-ro, chung-ku, seoul, korea (samsung). (2) “鑒于（whereas）”、“敘述（recital）”或“背景（background）”部分 該部分主要是介紹合同的相關(guān)情況，具體有如下內(nèi)容： a) 合同雙（各）方的背景情況介紹，如各方所從事的行業(yè)： 例1： amd engages through its communication products division (cpd) in the design, development, manufacture and sale of telecommunication products

56、for public communications infrastructure systems, customer premise equipment and cordless telephony applications. b) 合同目的 例1： the parties desire to form a joint venture to provide online securities trading services to residents of japan on the terms and subject to the conditions set forth herein. 例2

57、： the parties intend to share revenues generated by the health category, as well as revenues generated by similar activities conducted by mckesson using the avantgo software on behalf of mckessons customers, but do not intend to share revenues arising from the operations of their respective core businesses. c) 合同的背景情況 例1： this agreement is being executed and delivered simultaneously with the execution and delivery of the agreement and plan of merger dated december 13, 1999