D70-雅思-顧家北-2語(yǔ)法知識(shí)

1、Contents1. 詞性31.1主要詞性的列表31.2非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞（不定式和動(dòng)名詞）52. 句子成分63. 單句84. 從句104.1從句的分類104.1.1狀語(yǔ)從句104.1.2名詞性從句104.1.3定語(yǔ)從句115. 語(yǔ)法的常見錯(cuò)誤135.1關(guān)于冠詞和單復(fù)數(shù)的語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤135.2詞性使用錯(cuò)誤155.3謂語(yǔ)錯(cuò)誤175.3.1主謂不一致175.3.2 H寸態(tài)185.3.3情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+do195.3.4被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)或者是主系表結(jié)構(gòu)沒(méi)有加be動(dòng)訶195.3.5動(dòng)詞原形之前永遠(yuǎn)不能加be動(dòng)詞（包括is, are等）195.3.6不可能同時(shí)出現(xiàn)兩個(gè)助動(dòng)詞，或者一個(gè)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+個(gè)助動(dòng)詞195.4 句子結(jié)構(gòu)的常見問(wèn)

2、題206 附錄226.1附錄1 一些比較容易搞錯(cuò)的不可數(shù)名詞22非母語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)者學(xué)習(xí)英文一定要注意語(yǔ)法。因?yàn)樗麄兪怯醚劬W(xué)英文的，而不是用耳朵和嘴 巴。即便他們每夭和native speakers交流，也很難短時(shí)間熟悉很多句子。花1-2天學(xué)習(xí)語(yǔ)法的規(guī)則和概念，可以提高你們的改錯(cuò)能力，句子的寫作能力。這是英文 學(xué)習(xí)的基礎(chǔ)。很多同學(xué)會(huì)問(wèn)，那么語(yǔ)法學(xué)習(xí)學(xué)到什么程度才算達(dá)標(biāo)呢？下面是老顧所總結(jié)的語(yǔ)法學(xué)習(xí)的兒個(gè)衡量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。1懂得詞性（譬如說(shuō)動(dòng)詞介詞等）和用法特點(diǎn)2懂得單詞在句子之中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞郑ㄆ┤缯f(shuō)主謂賓等）3懂得察覺(jué)語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤或者句子錯(cuò)誤。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，雅思如果有四大錯(cuò)誤，就很難獲得六分。1冠誠(chéng)和名詞單復(fù)數(shù)錯(cuò)誤2

3、詞性錯(cuò)誤（譬如說(shuō)介誠(chéng)當(dāng)連詞使用）3謂語(yǔ)錯(cuò)誤4句子結(jié)構(gòu)錯(cuò)誤如何使用PDF去搜索你要的信息？CTRL+F,出現(xiàn)對(duì)話框，輸入你想搜索的關(guān)鍵詞，“不定式”1.詞性1.1主要詞性的列表1名詞noun包括可數(shù)(countable)和不可數(shù)(uncountable)2 代詞 pronoun代詞在作文中使用比較的靈活和多變，代詞的選擇錯(cuò)誤也是常見問(wèn)題主格：代詞做主語(yǔ)，譬如說(shuō)I am a teacher賓格：代詞做賓語(yǔ),譬如說(shuō)My father talked to me.形容詞性物主代詞:是代詞充當(dāng)定語(yǔ),譬如說(shuō)my job is to help students improve writing skills.名

4、詞性物主代詞：代詞充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或者表語(yǔ)，一般是指代前面說(shuō)過(guò)的某個(gè)名詞，譬如 說(shuō) His car is expensive, and mine is cheap.（這里的 mine 是 my car 的意思）反身代詞：充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)，這個(gè)代詞一般是和前面說(shuō)過(guò)的一個(gè)名詞或者代詞是同一個(gè)人 或者物體。He worked for himself, （himself 和 he 是同一個(gè)人）JL格賓格形容詞性 物上代詞名詞性 物工代詞反身代詞第一人稱Lmemyminemyself單第二人稱youyouyouryoursyourself數(shù)第三人稱he she ithim her ithis her its

5、his hers it&himself herself itself第一人稱weusouroursourselves數(shù)第二人稱youyouyouryoursyourselves第二人稱theythemtheirtheirsthemselves3動(dòng)名詞gerund就是動(dòng)詞加上ing,用作名詞譬如說(shuō)：I enjoy working as a teacher, （working 就是個(gè)動(dòng)名詞）4 不定式 infinitive （to do or to do something）不定式和動(dòng)名詞一樣，也是類似于名詞的東西譬如說(shuō):I want to work as a teacher, （to work

6、as a teacher 就是不定式）5動(dòng)詞verb,包括及物（transitive verb）和不及物（intransitive verb）6 形容詞 adjective7 現(xiàn)在分詞 present participle現(xiàn)在分詞可能是謂語(yǔ)的一部分例：I am working from home now. （working現(xiàn)在分詞，表示進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)）也可能是類似于形容詞的東西例:：This company has many employees working from home（working from home 現(xiàn)在分詞, 充當(dāng)定語(yǔ)）8 過(guò)去分訶 past participle過(guò)去分詞可能是謂語(yǔ)

7、的一部分例：I have done this task（done過(guò)去分詞，表示完成時(shí)態(tài)）也可能是類似于形容詞的東西例:：I have many books written in English, （written in English 過(guò)去分詞,充當(dāng)定語(yǔ)）9介詞（preposition）和介賓短語(yǔ)介詞和冠詞一樣，稱之為虛詞，因?yàn)樗?dú)立不能夠充當(dāng)任何成分一般介詞后面加名詞或者動(dòng)名詞，統(tǒng)稱為介賓短語(yǔ)。例：I am living in New Zealand, （in 是介詞,不能夠獨(dú)立存在，要加上 New Zealand, in NewZealand整個(gè)稱之為介賓短語(yǔ)）10 數(shù)詞 numerals

8、11 畐I詞 adverb12 冠詞 the, a, an一般和名詞結(jié)合使用，冠詞本身不充當(dāng)成分例子:I live in a small flat, （a是冠詞,不能獨(dú)立存在，要加上名詞flat）13 連詞 conjunction連詞有兩種，從屬連詞和并列連詞并列連i司and, or, but從屬連詞 while, although, because, if, when, before, after從屬連詞一定要連接獨(dú)立的句子While, because, although 等在沒(méi)有連詞的情況下，不能句子里有兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞The lack of money leads to people do no

9、t receive education錯(cuò)誤的原因:lead to和do not receive都是動(dòng)詞正確白勺句子：people do not receive education because of the lack of money.1從屬連詞后面加從句，一定要有主句。2從屬連詞后面一定要加獨(dú)立的句子，不能少成分。1.2非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞（不定式和動(dòng)名詞）很多同學(xué)有時(shí)候看到不定式和動(dòng)名詞很長(zhǎng)，不知道怎么運(yùn)用。去掉主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞改成tod?；蛘呤莇oing,后面保持不變，然后整個(gè)當(dāng)作一個(gè)名詞看。 譬女口說(shuō)：I studied scienee at university.那么studying scie

10、nce at university整個(gè)可以看作是一個(gè)動(dòng)名詞Studying scienee at university was a great experience（充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)）那么to study science at university不定式也可以看作是一個(gè)名詞It is my decision to study scienee at university （充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)）用動(dòng)名詞和不定式做主語(yǔ)有什么區(qū)別嗎動(dòng)名詞一般強(qiáng)調(diào)一個(gè)事情，這個(gè)事情可能目前正在進(jìn)行，或者是客觀存在而不定式是表示一個(gè)還沒(méi)發(fā)生的事情。Studying scienee at university was a great exp

11、erienee.（已經(jīng)發(fā)生）It is my decision to study scienee at university （還沒(méi)發(fā)生）2.句子成分修飾的成分：狀語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)必備的成分：主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)：修飾動(dòng)詞或者句子的東西定語(yǔ)：修飾名詞的東西，起限定的作用補(bǔ)語(yǔ)：補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明一個(gè)名詞的語(yǔ)法成分同位語(yǔ)：解釋或者說(shuō)明前面一個(gè)名詞的東西（可能是名詞、代詞、同位語(yǔ)從句）Obama, preside nt of the Un ited States, visited China last month.President是同位語(yǔ)She likes eating fast food such

12、as fries and hamburgersFries and hamburgers 是同位語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)1名詞，2代詞，3動(dòng)名詞，4不定式10數(shù)詞謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞5動(dòng)詞表語(yǔ)或者補(bǔ)語(yǔ)1名詞6形容詞7現(xiàn)在分詞8過(guò)去分詞9介賓短語(yǔ)4不定式定語(yǔ)2代詞6形容詞10數(shù)詞7現(xiàn)在分詞8過(guò)去分詞9介賓短語(yǔ)1名詞 4不定式狀語(yǔ)2代詞11副詞7現(xiàn)在分詞8過(guò)去分詞9介賓短語(yǔ)4不定式同位語(yǔ)1名詞，2代詞，3動(dòng)名詞主語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)的補(bǔ)語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)同位語(yǔ)1名詞VVVVVV2代詞VVVVV3動(dòng)名詞VVV4不定式VVVV6形容詞VVV7現(xiàn)在分詞VVVV8過(guò)去分詞VVVV9介賓短語(yǔ)VVVV10數(shù)詞VVV11副詞V3.單句主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)訶+

13、賓語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+不及物動(dòng)詞主語(yǔ)+系+表主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)誠(chéng)+間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)There be 句型什么叫獨(dú)立的句子(independent sentences) ?就是去掉從句和修飾成分之后，還有一個(gè)獨(dú)立的單句被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)有及物動(dòng)詞作謂語(yǔ)的三個(gè)基本單句都可以改寫成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)The government should support children from poor homesChildren from poor homes should be supported by the government.主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)Schools

14、require all students to obey school rulesAll students are required to obey school rules主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)Some companies offer outstanding students scholarships.Outstanding students are offered scholarships被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)4.從句41從句的分類4.1.1狀語(yǔ)從句從句充當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)的功能原因狀語(yǔ)：because, since, as時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：when, after, before讓步狀語(yǔ):although, e

15、ven if, even though條件狀語(yǔ)：if, when, once, as long as連i討+從句While的兩種用法：1對(duì)比While the birth rate rose, the death rate dropped2表示同時(shí)進(jìn)行的兩個(gè)事情While I was out for a business trip, they finished this project.4.1.2名詞性從句主語(yǔ)從句，賓語(yǔ)從句，表語(yǔ)從句，同位語(yǔ)從句第一種：以“that”引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句必定有個(gè)獨(dú)立的句子The population is growing older.（人口增加變老）I belie

16、ve that the population is growing older.（賓語(yǔ)從句）It is believed that the population is growing older.（主語(yǔ)從句）The fact is that the population is growing older.（表語(yǔ)從句）The dema nd for health care is in creasi ng, due to the fact that the population is growi ng older. (同位語(yǔ)從句)第二種：以“wh”引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句(what, why, how,

17、when, where等)4.1.3定語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句是從句充當(dāng)定語(yǔ)的功能，類似于形容詞。因此很多人叫定語(yǔ)從句叫形容詞從句。第一種：以關(guān)系代詞who, that, whom, which引導(dǎo)第二種：以關(guān)系副詞why, where, when引導(dǎo)常見錯(cuò)誤1： where, why和when引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，句子必須是完整獨(dú)立的句子。There are many foreign universities where provide good courses for inter national students.錯(cuò)誤的原因：where引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句后面缺主語(yǔ)。正確的句子：There are many

18、foreign universities which provide good courses for international students.常見錯(cuò)誤2：定語(yǔ)從句修飾的名詞如果是人，用who或者that,如果是物體，用 which或者that引導(dǎo)People which break laws will go to prison.錯(cuò)誤的原因：定語(yǔ)從句先行詞是人的時(shí)候，不可以用which,要用who正確D勺句子：People who break laws will go to prison.常見錯(cuò)誤3：定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)要完整（譬如說(shuō)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)要出現(xiàn)be動(dòng)詞）There was an incre

19、ase in the percentage of people who employed by large companies.錯(cuò)誤的原因：People who were employed定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不完整正確的句子：There was an increase in the percentage of people who were employed by large companies.常見錯(cuò)誤3：定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞放在從句可以還原成完整的句子。By taking on part-time jobs, universities students can learn skills whic

20、h cannot get at university.錯(cuò)誤的原因：先行詞“skills”充當(dāng)從句“get”的賓語(yǔ)，那么從句缺乏一個(gè)主語(yǔ)。 正確勺句子：By taking on part-time jobs, universities students can learn skills which they cannot get at university.常見錯(cuò)誤4：非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，如果修飾的是名詞，那么和這個(gè)名詞保持主謂一 致例子：Innovations play an important role in many industries, such as music, which hold

21、s the key to social progress錯(cuò)誤的原因：定語(yǔ)從句修飾的名詞是Industries,是個(gè)復(fù)數(shù)正確的句子：Innovations play an important role in many industries, such as music, which hold the key to social progress常見錯(cuò)誤5：非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，如果是修飾一個(gè)句子，從句的謂語(yǔ)永遠(yuǎn)用單數(shù)， 改 affects例子：Buying luxuries can cost a lot of money, which affect their living standards. 錯(cuò)

22、誤的原因：定語(yǔ)從句修飾的是前面整個(gè)句子，因此應(yīng)該動(dòng)詞用單數(shù) 正確D勺句子：Buying luxuries can cost a lot of money, which affects their living standards.5語(yǔ)法的常見錯(cuò)誤5.1關(guān)于冠詞和單復(fù)數(shù)的語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤5.1.1冠詞使用的幾種情況確定冠詞還有單復(fù)數(shù)主耍是考慮3個(gè)要素要素1:可咯名詞、不可數(shù)名 詞要索2：數(shù)顯（是1個(gè)還是多 個(gè)）耍素3：是若諒指這個(gè)名詞選擇可數(shù)只有一個(gè)不特指1單數(shù)不定冠詞 a/an1 have a book You can read it.（意思就是隨便找本 書看，不要去做其他 事情。）可數(shù)只有一個(gè)特指2

23、單數(shù)定冠詞You can read the book 1 bought yesterday.（特指某 一本書）可數(shù)不止一個(gè)不特指3復(fù)數(shù)無(wú)冠詞1 have some books You can read them可數(shù)不止一個(gè)特指4復(fù)數(shù)定冠詞You can read the books 1 borrowed from James.（特指某 一些書）不可數(shù)名詞不考慮不特指51 want more information.（只要 信息就可以，不特 指）不可數(shù)名詞不考慮特指6 The information from the Internet is sometimes useless（強(qiáng)調(diào)來(lái)口網(wǎng)絡(luò)的信

24、息，而不是其他渠道 的信息）a.指示代詞this要加名詞單數(shù)，these, those要加可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù) These knowledge is important to students.錯(cuò)誤的原因：knowledge不可數(shù)名詞，不能和these連用 正確白勺句子：this kind of knowledge is important to students.b. 量詞或者形容詞a number of, few, a few, numerous, many等一般都不加不可 數(shù)名詞，而是加可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)Many scie ntific kno wledge can be used in teachi

25、 ng stude nts.錯(cuò)誤的原因：knowledge不可數(shù)名詞，不和many連用正確的句子：Many materials about scie nee can be used in teachi ng stude nts.Childre n from poor homes have few opport unity to receive educati on.錯(cuò)誤的原因：few后面要加可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)正確的句子：Children from poor homes have few opportunities to receive education.c. 量詞或者形容詞 a large amo

26、unt of, a large quantity of, little, a little, much 等一 般加不可數(shù)名詞，不能加可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)d. 可數(shù)名詞不裸奔，也就是要有冠詞或者是復(fù)數(shù)This policy has positive effect on companies.錯(cuò)誤的原因：effect是可數(shù)名詞正確白勺句子：This policy has a positive effect on companies.e.不可數(shù)名詞前面不加a或者anIt is not easy to find a full-time employment.錯(cuò)誤的原因：Employment不可數(shù)名詞，不能加冠詞

27、a正確的句子:It is not easy to find a full-time job.f.不可數(shù)名詞沒(méi)有復(fù)數(shù)Some young people can receive trainings.錯(cuò)誤的原因:training不可數(shù)正確的句子：Some young people can receive training.可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞常見混淆看附錄1元音開頭的形容詞或者名詞前面要用an,而不是aNews meda are a importa nt in flue nee on the public.錯(cuò)誤的原因：important元音開頭，應(yīng)該是an正確的句子：News media are a

28、n important in flue nee on the public.5.2詞性使用錯(cuò)誤a. 及物動(dòng)詞一定要有賓語(yǔ)Machines enable to complete tasks efficiently.錯(cuò)誤的原因：Enable是個(gè)及物動(dòng)詞，要有賓語(yǔ).正確白勺句子：Machines enable us to complete tasks efficiently.b. 不及物動(dòng)詞不能夠直接加名詞作賓語(yǔ)Many people disagree this idea錯(cuò)誤的原因：Disagree不及物動(dòng)詞，需要加介詞正確的句子:Many people disagree with this ide

29、a.c. 不及物動(dòng)詞和系動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)People can find good jobs when they are graduated錯(cuò)誤的原因：are graduated改成graduate,不及物動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)正確白勺句子：People can find good jobs when they graduated. 介詞不能加動(dòng)詞Library users have access to use computers and videos as educational resources錯(cuò)誤的原因：” access toM的to是介詞，不能加動(dòng)詞“use”，去掉這個(gè)動(dòng)詞正確白勺句子：Li

30、brary users have access to computers and videos as educational resources.e. 介詞不能加句子Men prefer to talk about advanee career.錯(cuò)誤的原因:About是介詞,后面不能加動(dòng)詞或者句子,而advance是動(dòng)詞正確白勺句子：Men prefer to talk about career advancement.f. 介詞不能加副詞g. 形容詞不能修飾句子、動(dòng)詞和形容詞Well-educated people can settle conflicts easier.錯(cuò)誤的原因：easy

31、是形容詞，不能修飾句子或者動(dòng)詞，改成easily正確白勺句子：Some tech no logies can be used dail y.h. 副詞一般不作表語(yǔ)仮ij： Communication has become more easily.錯(cuò)誤的原因：副詞一般不能作表語(yǔ)，因?yàn)楸碚Z(yǔ)是修飾主語(yǔ)的，而形容詞修飾名詞正確白勺句子：Communication has become easier.i. 副詞不是連詞5.3謂語(yǔ)錯(cuò)誤5.3.1主謂不一致a. 不可數(shù)名詞和可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)做主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞都是單數(shù)例子 It is comm on kno wledge that fast food normal

32、ly contain high fat.錯(cuò)誤的原因：Fast food不可數(shù)名詞，后面的動(dòng)詞contain用單數(shù)正確的句子：It is comm on kno wledge that fast food no rmally contains high fat.b. 動(dòng)名詞做主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是單數(shù)Shopping on the Internet provide many choices for sellers and buyers.錯(cuò)誤的原因：“shopping”動(dòng)名詞做主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該用單數(shù)“provides”正確的句子：Shopping on the Internet provides ma

33、ny choices for sellers and buyers.c. 可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞就是復(fù)數(shù)news media becomes more important than before.錯(cuò)誤的原因：media-般是復(fù)數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)正確的句子：news media have become more important than before.5.3.2時(shí)態(tài)紅色是常用的兒種時(shí)態(tài)，掌握這些時(shí)態(tài)基本上應(yīng)付雅思作文和口語(yǔ)已經(jīng)足夠了過(guò)去現(xiàn)在將來(lái)一般IncreasedincreasesWill increase完成Had increasedHas/have increasedWill ha

34、ve in creased進(jìn)行Was increasingIs/are increasingWill be in creasing完成進(jìn)行Had been increasingHas/have been in creasingWill have been in creasi ng被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)The old building has been demolished.過(guò)去現(xiàn)在將來(lái)一般was demolishedIs demolishedWill be demolished完成Had bee n in creasedHas been demolishedWill have been demolished

35、進(jìn)行Was being demolishedIs being demolished完成進(jìn)行系動(dòng)詞（其實(shí)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)差不多，就是針對(duì)be動(dòng)詞變化）Many children are obese過(guò)去現(xiàn)在將來(lái)一般Were obeseAre obeseWill be obese完成Had been obeseHave been obeseWill have been obese進(jìn)行Were being obeseAre being obese完成進(jìn)行濫用過(guò)去時(shí)Pollution became a serious problem錯(cuò)誤的原因：如果用became （過(guò)去時(shí)），意味著環(huán)境問(wèn)題過(guò)去是個(gè)問(wèn)題，暗示現(xiàn)

36、在不是 To正確白勺句子：Pollution has become a serious problem.一般出現(xiàn)recently, in recent years, over the past decades等提示i討的，耍用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài) Recently, many people are interested in spending enormously on special occasi ons.錯(cuò)誤的原因：Recently的句子用完成時(shí)態(tài)比較多正確的句子：Recently, many people have been interested in spending enormously o

37、n special occasions.5.3.3情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+doCan, may, should, must, will, would, might, may, could+ do彳列子 Reading will possibly broadening horizons.錯(cuò)誤的原因：broadening是分詞，變成broaden正確的句子：Reading will possibly broaden readers* horizons.5.3.4被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)或者是主系表結(jié)構(gòu)沒(méi)有加be動(dòng)詞例子:Children can interested in reading if they develop thi

38、s habit from a young age.錯(cuò)誤的原因：主句是主系表結(jié)構(gòu)，缺乏系動(dòng)詞正確的句子：children can be interested in reading if they develop this habit from a young age.5.3.5動(dòng)詞原形之前永遠(yuǎn)不能加be動(dòng)詞（包括is, are等）彳列子 cultures are differ from country to country錯(cuò)誤的原因：“be+動(dòng)詞原形”永遠(yuǎn)是錯(cuò)的，將are去掉正確白勺句子：cultures differ from country to country5.3.6不可能同時(shí)出現(xiàn)兩個(gè)助

39、動(dòng)詞，或者一個(gè)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+個(gè)助動(dòng)詞 傍ij子 The shortage of water is cannot attract worldwide attention.錯(cuò)誤的原因：is是進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)的助動(dòng)詞，而can是另外一個(gè)助動(dòng)詞正確白勺句子：The shortage of water is attracting worldwide attention.5.4句子結(jié)構(gòu)的常見問(wèn)題英文兩個(gè)獨(dú)立的句子(independent sentences),是不能用逗號(hào)連接的，逗號(hào)不是連詞, 可以用分號(hào)或者句號(hào)連接。副詞 (therefore, thus, however) 或者是連接的表達(dá) (as a c on

40、sequence, as a result, because of this, in addition, for example, in contrast) 等都不是連詞Children from poor families cannot receive education, therefore, they are more likely to violate the law.錯(cuò)誤的原因：therefore是副詞，不是連詞，需要前面加上句號(hào)或者是分號(hào)，或者改成連詞 SO正確的句子：Children from poor families cannot receive education; the

41、refore, they are more likely to violate the law.正確白勺句子：Children from poor families cannot receive education, so they are more likely to violate the law.從屬連詞while, because, as,定耍連接兩個(gè)完整的句子，不能夠只是連接一個(gè)句子。Young people are more willing to adopt advaneed technology. Because they want to find jobs in the hi-

42、tech industry.錯(cuò)誤的原因：because是連詞，一定要連接兩個(gè)句子。正確白勺句子：Young people are more willing to adopt advaneed technology, because they want to find jobs in the hi-tech industry.介詞(because of, due to, despite, in spite of, of 等)不是連詞The proportion of people who went to the cinema decreasedThe proportion of people d

43、ecreasedThe proportion of people going to the cinema decreased句子一般不可能連續(xù)出現(xiàn)兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞，在沒(méi)有連詞或者是從句的情況下There was a river crossed the area from north to south錯(cuò)誤的原因:一個(gè)句子兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞was, crossed。要么a which crossed n ,要么就是 u crossing正確的句子：There was a river which crossed the area from north to southThis causes global temperatures rise錯(cuò)誤的原因：一個(gè)句子兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞cause和rise.要說(shuō)“to rise”不定式充當(dāng)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)正確白勺句子：This causes global temperatures to rise除了句號(hào)和分號(hào)外，用連詞and或者是從屬連詞because, if等去連接也是正常的方法。有時(shí)候，會(huì)用定語(yǔ)從句聯(lián)系兩個(gè)句子。This is particulary the case for