初中被動(dòng)語態(tài)講解及練習(xí)

1、被動(dòng)語態(tài)一、概念： 語態(tài)是動(dòng)詞的一種形式，它表示主語和謂語的關(guān)系。語態(tài)有兩種：主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)。如果主語是 動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，或者是說動(dòng)作是由主語完成的，要用主動(dòng)語態(tài)；如果主語是動(dòng)作的承受者，或者是說動(dòng)作 不是由主語而是由其他人完成的，則用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。二、主動(dòng)句變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句的步驟：1. 把原主動(dòng)句中的賓語變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句的主語2.把動(dòng)詞變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)形式即be +過去分詞， 并注意其人稱和數(shù)隨主語的變化，而動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)則保持不變。3. 原主動(dòng)句的主語如需要?jiǎng)t放在by 后面以它 的賓格形式出現(xiàn)（注代詞的賓格） ，如不需要?jiǎng)t可省略。4. 其它的成分（定語、狀語）不變。三、被動(dòng)語態(tài)的用法：1. 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)構(gòu)成

2、： is / am / are + 及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞We clean our classroom every day.My mother asks me to study hard.2. 一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)構(gòu)成： was / were + 及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞A new shop was built last year.3. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)構(gòu)成： has / have + been + 及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞This book has been translated into many languages.Many man -made satellites have been sent u

3、p into space by many countries.4. 一般將來時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)構(gòu)成： will+ be + 及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞A new hospital will be built in our city.Many more trees will be planted next year.5. 含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)構(gòu)成：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 + be + 及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞Young trees must be watered often. Your mistakes should be corrected right now.The door may be locked inside.Yo

4、ur homework can be handed in tomorrow.6. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)構(gòu)成： am / is / are + being + 及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞7. 不定式的被動(dòng)語態(tài)： to + be + 及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞There are two books to be read.There are twenty more trees to be planted.3. 感官動(dòng)詞或使役動(dòng)詞使用省略 to 的動(dòng)詞不定式，主動(dòng)語態(tài)中不帶 to ，但變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，須加上 to。 例： make somebody do something somebody+ be +made to

5、 do somethingsee somebody do somethi ngsomebody +be +see n to do somethi ngA girl saw my wallet drop when she passed by.My wallet was seen to drop by a girl when she passed by.The boss made the little boy do heavy work.The littmady twato heavy work by the boss.4. 如果是接雙賓語的動(dòng)詞改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)， 可以使用直接賓語也可以使用間接賓語

6、作被動(dòng)語態(tài)句子的主語。 使用直接賓語 （物 ）作主語時(shí)，要在動(dòng)詞后加上介詞，這個(gè)介詞是由與其搭配的動(dòng)詞決定。He gave me a book.t A book was give n to me by him.He showed me a ticket.t A ticket was shown to me by him.My father bought me a new bike.t A new bike was bought for me by my father.5. 一些動(dòng)詞短語用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，動(dòng)詞短語應(yīng)當(dāng)看作一個(gè)整體，而不能丟掉其中的介詞或副詞。We can t laugh at hi

7、m.He can t be laughed at by us.He liste ns to the radio every day.The radio is liste ned to by him every day.The nurse is tak ing care of the sick man.The sick man is being take n care of by the nu rse.不用被動(dòng)語態(tài)的情況1）不及物動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語無被動(dòng)語態(tài)（即多數(shù)的瞬間動(dòng)詞）：appear, die（死亡 disappear （消失），end （vi. 結(jié)束）,fail, happen, last

8、, lie, remain, sit, spread, stand break out, come true, fall asleep, keep sile nee, lose heart, take place.女口： After the fire, very little remained of my house.比較：rise, fall, happen是不及物動(dòng)詞；raise, seat是及物動(dòng)詞。（錯(cuò)）The price has been risen.（對）The price has rise n.（錯(cuò)）The accide nt was happe ned last week.（對

9、）The accide nt happe ned last week.（錯(cuò)）The price has raised.（對）The price has bee n raised.（錯(cuò)）Please seat.（對）Please be seated.要想正確地使用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，就須注意哪些動(dòng)詞是及物的，哪些是不及物的。特別是一詞多義的動(dòng)詞往往有 兩種用法。解決這一問題唯有在學(xué)習(xí)過程中多留意積累。2）不能用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)的及物動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語：fit, have, hold, marry, own, wish, cost, notice, watch , agreewith, arrive at / in,

10、 shake hands with, succeed in, suffer from, happen to, take part in, walk in to, belong to 如：This key just fits the lock.被動(dòng)語態(tài)練習(xí)、選擇題）1.buildin our school last year? A.a new libraryD. Did; buildaccidenton this road last week.Is; built B. Was;bulit C. Does;）2. AnA. has been happened B. was happened C.

11、is happened）3.Cotton in the southeast of China.A. is grown B. are grown C. grows D. grow）4.So far, the moon by man already.A. is visited B. will be visited C. has been visited D.D. happenedwas visited）5.A talk on Chinese history given C. will be given D. gives ）6.How many trees this year?pla nted ）7

12、. A lot of C. has been ）8.Neither of A. is madethi ngsdone D. willthemB. are made）9.Look! A nice pictureA. is drawing B. is being）10. Your shoes. YouA. wear out B. worn outin the school hall next week.A. are planted B.to save the little girlby peoplebe donein China.C. were made D. made for our teach

13、er.drawn C. has been drawnwill plantnow. A.D .drawsneed a new pair.C. are worn out D. is wornA. is givenB. has beenC. have been planted D.are doing B. are being done( )11.The doctor for yet. A. isnt sent B. hasnt been sent C. wont be sent D. wasntsent()12.-When _ this kind of computers? -Last year.

14、A. did; use B. was; used C. is;used D. are; used( )13. The Great Wall all over the world.A. knows B.knew C . is known D. was known ( )14.I in summer.A. born B. was born C. have been born D. am born ( )15.He says that Mr Zhang to the factory next week.A. is sent B. would send C. was sent D. will be s

15、ent( )16.Who this book ? A. did; written B. was; written by C. did; written D. was;written( )17.Mary show me her new dictionary.A. has asked to B.was asked to C.is asked D.asks to ( )18.A story by Granny yesterday.A. was told us B. was told to us C. is told us D. told us ( )19.The monkey was seen of

16、f the tree.A. jump B. jumps C. jumped D. to jump ( )20.The school bag _ behind the chair.A. puts B. can be putC. can be puttedD. can put( )21.Older people well.A.looks after B. must be looked after C. must look after D. looked after ( )22.Our teacher carefully.A. should be listened to B. should be l

17、isten C. be listened D. is listened 二、將下列句子變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)，每空一詞。1. We can finish the work in two days. The work in two days.2. They produce silk in Suzhou. Silk in Suzhou.3. The children will sing an English song. An English song _ by the children.4. You neednt do it now. It by you now.5. Lucy sent me a New

18、Year Card last week. A New Year Card her by me last week.6. People use metal for making machines. Metal for making machines.7. He made me do that for him. I that for him.8.I have given this book to the library. This book _ to the library.9. Did they build a bridge here a year ago? a bridge here by t

19、hem a year ago?10. Well put on an English play in our school. An English play on in our school.11. More and more farmers buy color TV sets. Color TV sets _ _ _ more and more farmers.12. My brother often mends his watch. His watch by my brother.13. We must water the flowers every day. The flowers mus

20、t _ _ (by us) every day.14. They use knives for cutting things. Knives _ _ for cutting things.15. He made the farmers work for a long time. The farmers for a long time.16. Did he break the window yesterday? the window _ _ yesterday?17. They have sold out the light green dresses. The light green dres

21、ses out.18. We clean the classroom every day. The classroom every day.19. You must not plant trees in very dry earth. Trees _ in very dry earth.20. You can dig a hole in the earth. A Hole in the earth.第 5 頁用動(dòng)詞的正確語態(tài)填空。1. The students often (tell) to take care of their desks and chairs.2. That play (put) on aga in sometime next mon th.3. The old man is ill. He (must send) to the hospital.4. Vegetables,eggs and fruits (sell) in t