北京市東城區(qū)2020-2021學(xué)年高二英語上學(xué)期期末考試試題

1、北京市東城區(qū)2020-2021學(xué)年高二英語上學(xué)期期末考試試題北京市東城區(qū)2020-2021學(xué)年高二英語上學(xué)期期末考試試題年級：姓名：11北京市東城區(qū)2020-2021學(xué)年高二英語上學(xué)期期末考試試題（無答案）本試卷共11頁，共100分?？荚嚂r長90分鐘。考生務(wù)必將答案答在答題卡上，在試卷上作答無效，考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分：知識運用（共兩節(jié)，30分）第一節(jié)完形填空（共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分）閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的a、b、c、d四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。a school bus driver returned to coll

2、ege to become a high school history teacher, thanks to some 1 students.clayton ward is a history teacher, and as such, 2 the time hed spend chatting with students about their history classes as he 3 them to and from school.“after several of these discussions, some of the students would tell me they

3、wanted me to be their 4 ,” he said. “that small mention from those kids it 5 me and gave me the motivation to complete a goal i had started years ago.” 6 , ward went to college after his high school graduation; but after a year, he had to leave and soon started driving buses. but he still valued 7 ,

4、 and talking with the students on the bus route renewed his sense of passion for expanding and teaching young minds.ward enrolled (注冊) at a community college in may 2019, and 8 to take his classes full time while also still driving his bus.“it wasnt always 9 . i would drive my route in the morning a

5、nd afternoon, take classes in between shifts and take night classes,” he said. “i would think of those students and all the years i wanted to make this happen, and it helped me focus my energy.”“you wouldnt think that kids can do something like that, to give me the 10 and ambition to go back to scho

6、ol,” ward said, “its kind of crazy that such a small thing can make such an impact on your life.”1. a. energeticb. supportivec. considerated. generous2. a. enjoyedb. foundc. savedd. missed3. a. attendedb. watchedc. bussedd. trained4. a. driverb. adviserc. friendd. teacher5. a. aimed atb. stuck withc

7、. occurred tod. called on6. a. initiallyb. consequentlyc. apparentlyd. ultimately7. a. successb. communicationc. responsibilityd. education8. a. hesitatedb. offeredc. managedd. happened9. a. suitableb. hopefulc. luckyd. easy10. a. rightb. drivec. chanced. freedom第二節(jié)語法填空（共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分）閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短

8、文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。aadolph kiefer, a famous swimmer, 11 (die) at the age of 98 in 2017. kiefer was americas 12 (old) living olympic champion. he was the first in the world to break the one-minute mark in the 100-meter backstroke (仰泳) when he was a 16-year-old student

9、. one year later, kiefer won the gold medal in the 100-meter backstroke competition at the olympic games, 13 (set) a record that would stand for 20 years.babout 5,000 years ago, a strange circle of blue stones were set up in britain. the structure has 80 stones in all and each stone 14 (weigh) about

10、 three tons. no one is sure 15 built the structure. one of the most popular beliefs is that the celts built it. some even think creatures from another planet who visited earth left it behind just 16 (let) us know they were here.chave you ever attended a cinco de mayo festival? if you have not, you d

11、o not know what you are missing. 17 spanish, the words cinco de mayo mean fifth of may. it is a day for the 18 (celebrate) of the fighting spirit of mexican people. the festival 19 (hold) both in mexico and in parts of the united states, especially the southwest, 20 there is a larger hispanic popula

12、tion.第二部分：閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，38分）第一節(jié)（共14小題；每小題2分，共28分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的a、b、c、d四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。ato increase your chances of landing an assignment for a travel guidebook, you need to find out what the publishers are looking for. here are links to their submission guidelines with a few special requirements

13、and tips.fonorsfonors is a publishing company of both travel guidebooks and online content covering thousands of destinations worldwide. visit f and near the bottom of the page youll find “write for us” with information for submitting articles. do remember to attach a copy of one of your other works

14、 when contributing.tip: fonors always hires writers who live in the destinations they cover. so, its good to remember: while you may want to write about a foreign destination, more than likely youre closer to being an expert about the place where you live.workmanworkman publishes unique and unexpect

15、ed travel guides such as 1,000 places to see before you die, and the food lovers guide to paris. consider them if youre interested in writing a nontraditional travel guide. you can find their submission guidelines at they require a typical nonfiction book proposal with a suggested table of contents

16、and author information. a chapter of your other books is also required. send your submissions to submissions.tip: if they dont accept your article, you might be lucky enough to get feedback about why.lonely planetwriters can get in touch with lonely planet by visiting their “become a contributor” pa

17、ge at lonelyp at that page youll find a form asking for a resume (簡歷) and links to your other writing, but theres also space for more travel-related information such as geographical knowledge and level of fluency in relevant languages.tip: youll find they also accept articles for “travel news.” if t

18、hey say yes, you may get another chance for a bigger job such as a guidebook.for more information on publishers, please visit contributorsd.21. this passage is mainly for _.a. guidesb. writersc. travelersd. publishers22. who may provide advice on how to improve articles?a. fonors.b. workman.c. lonel

19、y planet.d. contributors digest.23. what is required by all the companies?a. geographical knowledge.b. nontraditional ideas.c. overseas experience.d. previous writing.bcraig foster, bare-chested, was diving in bitterly cold waters off the southern-most tip of africa when he saw heran octopus hiding

20、under a coat of shells and stones.deeply attracted, he began following this incredibly shy creature. he kept coming back every day to the same place where he first met her, trying to stay very still in her presence. for weeks she refused him: hiding in her home, or pushing her liquid body into the n

21、earest crack to escape. and then, after fosters dogged persistence for 26 days, she reached out and touched him.in the documentary “my octopus teacher”, this tender moment moves you in a way you never thought an octopus tentacle (觸手) wrapped around a human hand could. the nature documentary won best

22、 feature at the earthxfilm festival 2020.“if you gain the trust of that animal over a period of months, it will actually ignore you to a certain degree and carry on with its normal life, and allow you to step inside its secret world,” foster says in his documentary.we see her outsmarting a shark by

23、riding on its back, growing a new tentacle after surviving a shark attack, and finally wasting away after laying her eggs. “the octopus showed me many behaviors that were completely new to science,” foster says.after years of filming some of the planets most dangerous animals, foster was berm out, d

24、epressed, and disconnected. “i was struggling. my only way to heal felt like i needed to be in the ocean, my go-to happy place as a child,” he says.completely involving himself in the underwater world has calmed his mind. over the years other animals have reached out to make contact, including dolph

25、ins, whales and even sharks. “but nothing has compared to this once-in-a-lifetime bond with the octopus,” foster says.the octopus changed fosters life forever. foster says the octopus taught him that humans are part of the natural world, and not simply visitors. “your own role and place in the natur

26、al world is the most precious gift we humans have received,” he says.24. foster followed the octopus with _.a. great patienceb. a professional goal c. scientific curiosityd. an adventurous spirit25. according to “my octopus teacher”, the octopus _.a. enjoyed fosters attentionb. taught foster survivi

27、ng skillsc. placed trust in foster graduallyd. benefited from fosters company26. what did foster learn from the experience?a. the natural world offers many gifts.b. humans belong to the natural world.c. the natural world never fails to impress.d. humans should protect the natural world.conce small f

28、ormers in masii, a remote village in kenya, have picked their crops, all they can do is wait until a buyer trucks through. the system works fairly well for beans and corn, but mangoesthe areas other main cropspoil (腐爛) more quickly. if the trader is late, they rot.obadiah kisaingu, a farmer in masii

29、, estimates 40% of the villages mango crop is lost to spoilage. but a simple coating could change that. a company, smarttech, has created a product that doubles the shelf life of fresh produce, enabling farmers like kisaingu to access far-off, larger markets. more time for fresh produce on grocers s

30、helves also means less food wastea $2.6 trillion problem, according to the united nations food and agriculture organization (fao).james rogers, ceo of smarttech, who has a ph. d in materials science, wanted to solve the problem for food much in the same way that oxide barriers preventing rust (銹) ha

31、ve achieved for steel. fortunately, researchers have found when plants made the jump from water to land hundreds of millions of years ago, they developed cutin, a barrier which is made of fatty adds that link together to form a seal around the plant, helping keep water in.the cutin was such a grand

32、strategy that today youll still find it across the plant kingdom. not that its exactly the same solution across the board: an orange can last longer than a strawberry not so much because of the thickness of its skin, but because of the difference in the arrangement of those cutin molecules (分子) on t

33、he surface. smarttechs challenge was first identifying the key components of cutin. after extensive trials, rogers and his team developed a natural and tasteless protective coating from plant materialstems, leaves and skins. the product extends the sweet spot between ripening and rot. and best of al

34、l, the treated produce doesnt require refrigeration.smarttech traveled a long road to get here. it was six years from launch before products applied with the substance were in stores. smarttech-treated fruits and vegetables are already in large grocery chains in europe and the u. s. and the company

35、recently gained regulatory approval in several less developed countries in south america.“smarttech has huge potential to turn poor farmers in africa into commercial farmers,” says rogers. “that means more money in pockets, and more food in stomachs.” but whether the company can cost-effectively rea

36、ch small farmers in far-off areas still remains a challenge.27. the author mentions the small farmers in kenya to _.a. stress their need for preserving produceb. show their difficulty in harvesting cropsc. evaluate their loss caused by slow transportd. help express their wish to reach larger markets

37、28. what can we learn about smarttechs product?a. it is financially supported by fao.b. it is intended to replace refrigeration.c. it is designed to thicken produces skin.d. it is based on plants own defence system.29. what does james rogers expect?a. to profit farmers.b. to earn more money.c. to pr

38、oduce more food.d. to expand grocery chains.30. the main purpose of the passage is to _.a. prove a theory b. promote a productc. introduce a companyd. present a technologydelizabeth spelke, a cognitive (認知的) psychologist at harvard, has spent her career testing the worlds most complex learning syste

39、mthe mind of a baby. babies might seem like no match for artificial intelligence (ai). they are terrible at labeling images, hopeless at raining text, and awful at-video games. then again, babies can do things beyond the reach of any ai. by just a few months old, theyve begun to grasp the foundation

40、s of language, such as grammar. theyve started to understand how to adapt to unfamiliar situations.yet even experts like spelke dont understand precisely how babiesor adults, for that matterlearn. that gap points to a puzzle at the heart of modern artificial intelligence: were not sure what to aim f

41、or.consider one of the most impressive examples of ai, alpha zero, a programme that plays board games with superhuman skill. after playing thousands of games against itself at a super speed, and learning from winning positions. alpha zero independently discovered several famous chess strategies and

42、even invented new ones. it certainly seems like a machine eclipsing human cognitive abilities. but alpha zero needs to play millions more games than a person during practice to learn a game. most importantly, it cannot take what it has learned from the game and apply it to another area.to some ai ex

43、perts, that calls for a new approach. in a november research paper, francois chollet, a well-known ai engineer, argued that its misguided to measure machine intelligence just according to its skills at specific tasks. “humans dont start out with skills: they start out with a broad ability to acquire

44、 new skills,” he says. “what a strong human chess player is demonstrating is not only the ability to play chess, but the potential to fulfill any task of a similar difficulty.” chollet posed a set of problems, each of which requires an ai programme to arrange colored squares on a grid (格柵) based on

45、just a few prior examples. its not bard for a person. but modernmachine learning programmestrained on huge amounts of datacannot learn from so few examples.josh tenenbaum, a professor in mits center for brains, minds & machines, works closely with spelke and uses insights from cognitive science as i

46、nspiration for his programmes. he says much of modern ai misses the bigger picture, comparing it to a cartoon about a twodimensional world populated by simple geometrical (幾何形的) people. ai programmes will need to learn in new waysfor example, by drawing causal inferences rather than simply finding p

47、atterns. “at some pointyou know, if youre intelligentyou realize maybe theres something else out there,” he says.31. compared to an advanced ai programme, a baby might be better at _.a. labeling imagesb. identifying locations c. playing gamesd. making adjustments32. what does the underlined word “ec

48、lipsing” in paragraph 3 probably mean?a. stimulating.b. measuring.c. beating.d. limiting.33. both francois chollet and josh tenenbaum may agree that _.a. ai is good at finding similar patternsb. ai should gain abilities with less trainingc. ai lacks the ability of generalizing a skilld. ai will matc

49、h humans in cognitive ability34. which would be the best title for this passage?a. what is exactly intelligence?b. why is modern ai advanced?c. where is human intelligence going?d. how do humans tackle the challenge of ai?第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，共10分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。most people adm

50、it extreme nervousness at even the thought of giving a speech. 35 through speaking, we gain the power to share what we are thinking with others.actually, not only do most beginning speakers suffer anxiety at the thought of speaking in public, but even powerful speakers like abraham lincoln and frank

51、lin d. roosevelt were nervous before speaking. 36 some people tremble, sweat, and experience shortness of breath and increased heartbeat. as they go through their speech, they may be so preoccupied with themselves that they lose contact with the audience, jump back and forth from point to point, and

52、 on occasion forget what they have planned to say. 37 and they still go on to deliver a strong speech. the secret is not to get rid of all of your feelings but to learn to channel and control your nervousness.very few people are so bothered by anxiety that they are unable to proceed with the speech.

53、 38 why? because you must be a little more aroused than usual to do your best. a bit of nervousness gets the adrenaline (腎上腺素) flowingand that brings you to speaking readiness.many speakers worry that others will notice how nervous they areand that makes them even more self-conscious and nervous. a

54、young woman reported that she broke out at home before each speech. she was amazed when other students said to her, “you seem so calm when you speak.” 39 once you realize that your audience does not perceive your nervousness to the degree that you imagine, you will remove one unnecessary source of a

55、nxiety.the more experience you get in speaking, the better you become at coping with nervousness. as time goes on, you will come to find that having a group of people listening to you alone is a very satisfying experience.a. the only thing we have to fear is fear itself.b. in fact, it would be harmf

56、ul if you were not nervous.c. try getting feedback from your listeners after a speech.d. the difference in nervousness among people is a matter of degree.e. yet you must learn to cope with nervousness because speaking is important.f. others, however, may get butterflies in their stomachs and feel we

57、ak in the knees.g. perhaps the most important time for coping with nervousness is shortly before the speech.第三部分：書面表達（共兩節(jié)，32分）第一節(jié)閱讀表達（共4小題；第1、2題各2分，第3題3分，第4題5分，共12分）fashions melt downthrowaway culture is trashing the planetbut one young chemical engineer has her own way to turn it over.fast fashion has changed the way we dress. we buy more clothes, more oftenbut we wear them less. alina bassi, founder of kleiderly, wants to give our clothing waste another chance at a useful life.bassi has always c