名師指津必修三U4

1、話題話題14 航天科技航天科技 名師指津名師指津 基礎知識自測基礎知識自測 一、單詞拼寫一、單詞拼寫 1. _ n. 氣候氣候 2. _ n. 生物學家生物學家 3. _ n. 萬有引力；重力萬有引力；重力 4. _ n. 鏈子；連鎖；鎖鏈鏈子；連鎖；鎖鏈 5. _ n. 衛(wèi)星；人造衛(wèi)星衛(wèi)星；人造衛(wèi)星satellite climate biologist gravity chain 6. _ n. 球體；地球儀；地球球體；地球儀；地球 7. _ n. 大氣層；氣氛大氣層；氣氛 8. _ v. 乘；增加乘；增加 9. _ v. 碰撞；墜落碰撞；墜落 10. _ vt. 體系體系; 制度制度 _

2、adj. 系統(tǒng)的系統(tǒng)的; 有系統(tǒng)的有系統(tǒng)的 _ adv. 系統(tǒng)地系統(tǒng)地; 有系統(tǒng)地有系統(tǒng)地systematically system systematic (al) 二、單詞拓展二、單詞拓展 (A)單詞派生單詞派生 2. _ n. 謎謎; 難題難題 v.(使使)迷惑迷惑 _ adj. 困惑的困惑的 _ adj. 令人困惑的令人困惑的 3. _ vi. 存在；生存存在；生存 _ adj. 存在的；生存的存在的；生存的 _ n. 存在；生存存在；生存existence puzzle puzzled puzzling exist existent 4. _ n. 暴力暴力; 猛烈猛烈 _ adj.

3、暴力的暴力的; 猛烈的猛烈的 _ adv. 粗暴地粗暴地; 猛烈地猛烈地 5. _ n. 基礎基礎 _ adj. 基本的基本的; 基礎的基礎的 _ adv. 根本地根本地; 從根本上從根本上fundamentally violence violent violently foundation/fundament fundamental 6. _ n. 感到振奮感到振奮 4. _突發(fā)突發(fā); 爆發(fā)爆發(fā) 三、短語翻譯三、短語翻譯 break out lay eggs block out cheer up 5. _密切注視密切注視; 當心當心; 提防提防 6. _阻止阻止; 制止制止 7. _產(chǎn)生產(chǎn)生

4、; 分娩分娩 8. _及時及時 in time watch out (for) prevent .from give birth to 9. _ 輪到某人；接著輪到某人；接著 10. _既然既然 11. _依靠依靠 12. _結果結果as a result in ones turn now that depend on 四、課文回顧四、課文回顧 No one knows exactly how the earth began. However, according to a widely accepted theory, it began 1_ a “Big Bang”. Then the e

5、arth exploded loudly and produced water vapor and many gases, 2_ (make) the earths atmosphere. And then as the earth cooled down, water appeared and stayed 3_ the surface. with making on It was the presence of water 4_ allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases and acids into the oceans and seas, 5

6、 _ made it possible for life to develop. And the 6_ (appear) of small plants encouraged the development of early shellfish and all sorts of fish. Next, green plants began to grow on land. 7_ were followed by land animals. Later, reptiles appeared for the first time, after which dinosaurs developed.

7、that which appearance They However, they suddenly 8_ (appear). Therefore, mammals rose on the earth. Finally, humans appeared and spread all over the earth. However, they are putting too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, making the earth too hot to live on. So 9_ life will continue on the ear

8、th will depend on whether this problem can 10_ (solve). disappeared whether be solved 五、語段改錯五、語段改錯 According to a wide accepted theory, the universe began with a “Big Bang” that threw matter in all direction. For several billions years after the “Big Bang”, earth was still just a cloud of dust. wide

9、ly directions billion the What it was to become was certain until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years before when the dust settled into a solid globe. The earth became so violently that it was not clear whether the shape would be last or not. uncertain ago violent It exploded loudly with fire and rock

10、. They were on time to produce carbon, nitrogen, water vapor and other gases, that were to make the earths atmosphere. which in time 1. wide widely 用副詞修飾過去分詞用副詞修飾過去分詞 accepted(被接受的被接受的)。 2. direction directions 受受all修飾，應用復數(shù)。修飾，應用復數(shù)。 3. billions billion 因因billion, million, thousand, hundred等前面有數(shù)詞或等前面

11、有數(shù)詞或few, several時，不用時，不用 復數(shù)。復數(shù)。 4. 在在earth前加前加the 獨一無二事物前要加獨一無二事物前要加the。 5. certain uncertain 它會變成什么它會變成什么“不能確不能確 定定”。 6. before ago 指離現(xiàn)在多久以前，用指離現(xiàn)在多久以前，用ago。 7. violently violent 在在became后作表語，后作表語， 要用形容詞。要用形容詞。 8. 去掉去掉last前的前的be 因因last(持續(xù)，維持持續(xù)，維持)是不及是不及 物動詞，有了動詞后，若不是進行時態(tài)或被物動詞，有了動詞后，若不是進行時態(tài)或被 動語態(tài)，不用動

12、語態(tài)，不用be。 8. on time in time 表示表示“及時做某事及時做某事”是是 in time to do sth.，而，而on time是是“按時按時”。 9. that which 引導非限制性定語從句用引導非限制性定語從句用 which。 重點詞匯講練重點詞匯講練 1. unlike prep. 不同不同; 不像不像（not like; not typical of） 例句例句 Water had also appeared on other planets like Mars but, unlike the earth, it had disappeared later.

13、 水在其他星球水在其他星球 上也出現(xiàn)過，如在火星上就出現(xiàn)過，但上也出現(xiàn)過，如在火星上就出現(xiàn)過，但 和地球不同的是，這些水后來都消失了。和地球不同的是，這些水后來都消失了。 轉化轉化 unlike adj. 不同的不同的; 不相似的不相似的 反義反義 like prep. 像；同像；同一樣一樣 like adj. 相似的；同樣的相似的；同樣的 運用運用 根據(jù)漢語意思完成英文句子。根據(jù)漢語意思完成英文句子。 她不像她媽媽；她很高，而她媽媽很矮。她不像她媽媽；她很高，而她媽媽很矮。 _; she is tall while her mother is very short. She is unlik

14、e her mother 2. harmful adj. 有害的有害的, 傷害的傷害的 例句例句 the continued presence of water allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases and acids into the oceans and seas. 由由 于地球上長期有水的存在，使地球能夠把于地球上長期有水的存在，使地球能夠把 有害氣體和酸性物質溶解在海洋里。有害氣體和酸性物質溶解在海洋里。 be harmful to 對對有害有害 do harm to sb. = do sb. harm 對某對某 人有害處人有害處 搭配

15、搭配 運用運用 填入一個適當?shù)脑~或用所給詞的填入一個適當?shù)脑~或用所給詞的 正確形式填空。正確形式填空。 As we all know, smoking is_ (harm) to our health. Thats to say，it does harm _ our health. Therefore, we shouldnt smoke but to do something _ (harm) to our health.harmless harmful to 原句原句 How life began on earth is one of the biggest puzzles that sc

16、ientists found hard to solve. 生命是如何起源的這個問題是科學家生命是如何起源的這個問題是科學家 很難解答的最大困惑之一。很難解答的最大困惑之一。(B3 P27) 3. puzzle n. 謎謎; 難題難題 v. (使使)迷惑迷惑; (使使)為難為難 例句例句 How he passed the exam is still a puzzle to us. 他如何通過考試的對我們來他如何通過考試的對我們來 說還是一個謎。說還是一個謎。 搭配搭配 be puzzled by 被被迷惑迷惑 be a puzzle to sb. 對某人來說是個謎對某人來說是個謎/ 困惑困惑

17、 befeel puzzled about 對對感到困惑感到困惑 運用運用 填入一個恰當?shù)脑~或完成句子。填入一個恰當?shù)脑~或完成句子。 Your explanation was really a puzzle _ me. His recent behavior_ (使我困惑使我困惑). to puzzles me 原句原句 They are putting too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, which prevents heat from escaping from the earth into space. 他們把過多他們把過多 的二氧化

18、碳釋放到大氣層中的二氧化碳釋放到大氣層中, 這使得地這使得地 球上的熱不能釋放到太空中去。球上的熱不能釋放到太空中去。(B3 P26) 4. prevent /stop /keep.from 阻止阻止/ /防防 止止做做/ /發(fā)生發(fā)生 提示提示 在主動語態(tài)的句子中在主動語態(tài)的句子中, stop和和 prevent 后的后的from可省略可省略, 但但keep后的后的from不能省略不能省略; 在被動語態(tài)中在被動語態(tài)中, 此三個短語中的此三個短語中的from 均不可均不可 省略。省略。 比較比較 protect .from . 保護保護不受不受 例句例句 The farmer built a w

19、all to prevent his chickens from running out. 那個農(nóng)民那個農(nóng)民 建了圍墻來防止雞跑出去。建了圍墻來防止雞跑出去。 運用運用 根據(jù)漢語提示完成句子根據(jù)漢語提示完成句子。 上漲的河水使我們過不了河上漲的河水使我們過不了河。 The rising water _ _ . 人們采取行動來防止環(huán)境的惡化人們采取行動來防止環(huán)境的惡化。 People took measures _ _. prevented us from crossing the river to prevent the environment from getting worse 原句原句

20、Walking does need a bit of practice now that gravity has changed. 重力改變了重力改變了, 看來走路也的確需要練一練了?？磥碜呗芬驳拇_需要練一練了。(B3 P31) 5. now that 由于由于; 既然既然 例句例句 Now that you are a student, you must obey school rules. 既然你是學生既然你是學生, 你必須遵守學校的規(guī)則。你必須遵守學校的規(guī)則。 運用運用 既然已完成了工作既然已完成了工作, 你就應該好好休你就應該好好休 息息。 You ought to have a go

21、od rest _ _ .now that/as you have finished the work since/ 原句原句 They were followed in time by land animals 陸棲動物及時來到陸地。陸棲動物及時來到陸地。(B3 P26) 例句例句 The man in time caught the bag falling from upstairs. 那個人及時接住了從樓上掉下那個人及時接住了從樓上掉下 來的包。來的包。 6. in time 及時及時(=not late)；終于；遲早終于；遲早 (eventually； finally；sooner o

22、r later) 翻譯翻譯 你遲早會習慣這個工作的。你遲早會習慣這個工作的。 Youll get used to the work in time. 7. give birth to 產(chǎn)生；分娩；引起；造產(chǎn)生；分娩；引起；造 成成 例句例句 They gave birth to young baby animals and produced milk to feed them.它們能產(chǎn)出幼仔并給幼仔哺乳。它們能產(chǎn)出幼仔并給幼仔哺乳。 運用運用 根據(jù)漢語意思完成英文句子。根據(jù)漢語意思完成英文句子。 She _ (生了一個健康男嬰生了一個健康男嬰)last night. 這段奇特的經(jīng)歷促成了他的最

23、新一部這段奇特的經(jīng)歷促成了他的最新一部 小說的誕生。小說的誕生。 The extraordinary experience_ _.to his latest novel gave birth to a healthy baby boy gave birth 8. in ones turn 輪到某人輪到某人; 接著接著 例句例句 Thus they have, in their turn, become the most important animals on the planet.于是，他們接著成為了這個于是，他們接著成為了這個 行星上最重要的動物。行星上最重要的動物。 聯(lián)想聯(lián)想 Its s

24、b.s turn to do sth.輪到某人輪到某人 做某事做某事 翻譯翻譯 將下列句子譯成英文。將下列句子譯成英文。 輪到我的時候輪到我的時候,我給他們講了一個笑我給他們講了一個笑 話。話。 輪到你看醫(yī)生啦。輪到你看醫(yī)生啦。 Its your turn to see the doctor. In my turn, I told them a joke. 9. cheer up (使使)感到高興；感到振感到高興；感到振 奮奮 例句例句 I cheered up immediately 我立刻感到高興起來我立刻感到高興起來 運用運用 根據(jù)漢語意思完成英文句子。根據(jù)漢語意思完成英文句子。 The

25、 news_(使他高興起使他高興起 來來). 振作起來振作起來!我們的困難很快就會過去。我們的困難很快就會過去。 _! Our troubles will soon be over. Cheer up cheered him up 10. watch out 注意注意,當心當心(單獨用于祈使句單獨用于祈使句) watch out for 密切注意，提防密切注意，提防 運用運用 根據(jù)漢語意思完成英文句子。根據(jù)漢語意思完成英文句子。 當心，別把桌子上的紙弄臟了。當心，別把桌子上的紙弄臟了。 _! Dont dirty the paper on the desk. 我們必須提防公共汽車上的小偷。我們

26、必須提防公共汽車上的小偷。 We must_ on the bus.watch out for the thieves Watch out 寫作句型仿寫寫作句型仿寫 原句原句 It was not immediately obvious that water was to be fundamental to the development of life. 水對于生命的發(fā)展水對于生命的發(fā)展 會起關鍵作用會起關鍵作用, 這一點在當時并不明顯。這一點在當時并不明顯。 (B3 P26) 1. It is obvious that. 顯然顯然 例句例句 It was obvious that he h

27、ad been late for school again. 很明顯他又遲到了。很明顯他又遲到了。 同義同義 obviously/apparently, /It is quite clear that. 仿寫仿寫 很顯然他沒有成功。很顯然他沒有成功。 It is obvious that he hasnt been successful. 原句原句 This produced a chain reaction, which made it possible for life to develop. 這就產(chǎn)生了一系列的這就產(chǎn)生了一系列的 反應反應, 使得生命就有可能開始發(fā)展了。使得生命就有可能開

28、始發(fā)展了。 (B3 P26) 2. make it + adj. + for sb. to do使某使某 人做某事人做某事 例句例句 The present situation makes it difficult for us to accomplish the task on time. 目前的情況使我們很難按時完成目前的情況使我們很難按時完成 任務。任務。 說明說明 it是形式賓語是形式賓語, 后面的后面的to do才是才是 真正的賓語。真正的賓語。 仿寫仿寫 這本字典使我學習英語容易多了。這本字典使我學習英語容易多了。 The dictionary _ _ English. makes

29、 it much easier for me to learn 原句原句 When we get closer to the moon, we shall feel its gravity pulling us, but it will not be as strong a pull as the earths. 當我們更接近月球時當我們更接近月球時, 就會感到月球的引就會感到月球的引 力在拉我們。但是力在拉我們。但是, 月球的引力不像地球月球的引力不像地球 的引力那么大。的引力那么大。(B3 P31) 3. be not asas不如不像不如不像 例句例句 Your composition

30、is not as interesting as mine. 你的作文不如我的作你的作文不如我的作 文有趣文有趣。 仿寫仿寫 這本書沒有你寫的那本難這本書沒有你寫的那本難。 This book _ _ . is not as difficult as the one that you wrote 原句原句 Whether life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on whether this problem can be solved 生命在地球上是否延續(xù)數(shù)百萬年生命在地球上是否延續(xù)數(shù)百萬年 將取決于這個問題能否解決。將取決于這個問題能否解決。(B3 P26) 4. whether . depend on whether . 某某 事是否發(fā)生取決于是否事是否發(fā)生取決于是否 例句例句 Whether we will have a picnic depends on whether it is fine tomorrow. 我們我們 明天是否進行野炊取決于