課程設(shè)計(jì)實(shí)驗(yàn)報(bào)告基于spartan3an的貪吃蛇游戲設(shè)計(jì)

1、 貪吃蛇游戲設(shè)計(jì)基于xilinx spartan-3anfpga開(kāi)發(fā)板專業(yè)：電子科學(xué)與技術(shù)學(xué)號(hào)：姓名： 貪吃蛇游戲設(shè)計(jì)基于xilinx spartan-3anfpga開(kāi)發(fā)板一、實(shí)驗(yàn)要求設(shè)計(jì)一款貪吃蛇游戲。設(shè)計(jì)平臺(tái)為xilinx的spartan3an fpga開(kāi)發(fā)板。通過(guò)vga接口控制液晶顯示器，在液晶顯示器上實(shí)現(xiàn)該游戲。具體要求為，在液晶顯示器上有一移動(dòng)的”蛇”,通過(guò)開(kāi)發(fā)板上的撥碼開(kāi)關(guān)實(shí)現(xiàn)“蛇”上下左右移動(dòng)。并且要求“蛇”只能在顯示器一定范圍內(nèi)運(yùn)動(dòng)，若碰到坐標(biāo)區(qū)域的邊緣或者“蛇”的身體，則游戲結(jié)束。同時(shí)會(huì)在屏幕有效區(qū)域隨機(jī)出現(xiàn)“蘋(píng)果”，“蛇”每吃到一次蘋(píng)果則表示一次成功操作，得分加1，并在數(shù)碼

2、管上顯示得分。本實(shí)驗(yàn)剛開(kāi)始的蛇身長(zhǎng)度定位3。為了便于書(shū)寫(xiě)程序，我們?cè)O(shè)定蛇的最大長(zhǎng)度為16。二、實(shí)驗(yàn)原理 （1）vga接口 本開(kāi)發(fā)板提供vga接口。對(duì)硬件進(jìn)行編程，輸出標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的vga信號(hào)（紅、綠、藍(lán)三色信號(hào)和行、幀同步信號(hào)），通過(guò)15針vga接口輸出至顯示器，可驅(qū)動(dòng)顯示器顯示圖像信號(hào)。如下圖所示： 在實(shí)驗(yàn)中只需使用其中的五個(gè)引腳，如上圖所示。vga接口信號(hào)基本時(shí)序圖如下圖所示：符號(hào)含義垂直同步水平同步時(shí)間時(shí)鐘線數(shù)時(shí)間時(shí)鐘ts同步脈沖時(shí)間16.7ms41680052132us800tdisp顯示時(shí)間15.36ms38400048025.6us640tpwvsync脈沖寬度64us160023.84u

3、s96tfp前沿320us800010640ns16tbp后沿928us23200291.92us48表1 640*480模式下的vga時(shí)序圖信號(hào)fpga管教約束vga_rt13vga_gv13vga_bu13h_syncw13v_syncy13表2 vga引腳配置（2）撥碼開(kāi)關(guān) 本游戲通過(guò)開(kāi)發(fā)板下方的四個(gè)撥碼開(kāi)關(guān)來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)上下左右控制。4撥碼開(kāi)關(guān)直接接入fpga管腳，用戶可自行配置。撥碼開(kāi)關(guān)撥到“on”位置時(shí)，其狀態(tài)為“0”，否則狀態(tài)為“1”；按鍵連接原理圖如下：信號(hào)fpga管腳約束sw1_1j4sw1_2h3sw1_3j3sw1_4j2表3 4碼開(kāi)關(guān)fpga引腳配置（3）led數(shù)碼管此開(kāi)發(fā)板提

4、供4個(gè)led數(shù)碼管，可顯示數(shù)字，直接與fpga相連，其控制方法為掃描式，如圖所示，此數(shù)碼管內(nèi)部接線為共陰方式，即低電平亮。所以若要控制左邊第一個(gè)七節(jié)燈管輸出2的字型，可以先輸出“0010010”到cadp,然后輸出“0111”到a1a4即可。 信號(hào)fpga管教約束led_bit1m2led_bit2m3led_bit3m4led_bit4m5led_can1led_cbn2led_ccn3led_cdn4led_cet1led_cft2led_cgt3led_dpr4表4 7段數(shù)碼管fpga引腳配置三、實(shí)驗(yàn)代碼1. 由于本實(shí)驗(yàn)涉及的模塊較多，我們采用小模塊化設(shè)計(jì)的思想。本設(shè)計(jì)含有六個(gè)子模塊，分

5、別是： game_ctrl_unit snake_eating_apple snake key vga_control seg_display頂層模塊代碼如下：module greedy_snake (input clk，input reset，input left，input right，input up，input down，output h_sync，output v_sync，output 2:0 color_out，output 7:0 seg_out，output 3:0 sel)；wire left_key_press，right_key_press， up_key_press，

6、 down_key_press；wire 1:0 snake；wire 9:0 x_pos；wire 9:0 y_pos；wire 5:0 apple_x；wire 4:0 apple_y；wire 5:0 head_x；wire 5:0 head_y；wire add_cube；wire 1:0 game_status；wire hit_wall；wire hit_body；wire die_flash；wire restart；wire 6:0 cube_num；game_ctrl_unit game_ctrl_unit1( .clk(clk)，.reset(reset)，.key1_pr

7、ess(left_key_press)，.key2_press(right_key_press)，.key3_press(up_key_press)，.key4_press(down_key_press)，.game_status(game_status)，.hit_wall(hit_wall)，.hit_body(hit_body)，.die_flash(die_flash)，.restart(restart) )； snake_eating_apple snake_eating_apple1( .clk(clk)，.reset(reset)，.apple_x(apple_x)，.apple

8、_y(apple_y)，.head_x(head_x)，.head_y(head_y)，.add_cube(add_cube) )；snake snake（.clk(clk),reset(reset)，.left_press(left_key_press)，.right_press(right_key_press)，.up_press(up_key_press)，.down_press(down_key_press)，.snake(snake)，.x_pos(x_pos)，.y_pos(y_pos)，.head_x(head_x)，.head_y(head_y)，.add_cube(add_c

9、ube)，.game_status(game_status)，.cube_num(cube_num)，.hit_body(hit_body)，.hit_wall(hit_wall)，.die_flash(die_flash) )；vga_control vga_control(.clk(clk)，.reset(reset)，.h_sync(h_sync)， .v_sync(v_sync)， .snake(snake)，.color_out(color_out)，.x_pos(x_pos)， .y_pos(y_pos)，.apple_x(apple_x)，.apple_y(apple_y) )；

10、key key1( .clk(clk)，.reset(reset),.left(left)，.right(right)，.up(up)，.down(down)，.left_key_press(left_key_press)， .right_key_press(right_key_press)，.up_key_press(up_key_press)，.down_key_press(down_key_press) )； seg_display seg_display1( .clk(clk)，.reset(reset)，.add_cube(add_cube)，.seg_out(seg_out)，.s

11、el(sel) )；endmodule2.每個(gè)子模塊的實(shí)現(xiàn)方法及要求 2.1 game_ctrl_unit本模塊從其他模塊接受信號(hào)，決定游戲狀態(tài)（ready、play、die），并且產(chǎn)生其他模塊的控制信號(hào)。在ready的狀態(tài)下，只要有鍵按下（上下左右），則蛇就會(huì)自動(dòng)向右運(yùn)動(dòng)，從而進(jìn)入play的狀態(tài)。在play狀態(tài)下，本模塊等待hit_wall或者h(yuǎn)it_body的信號(hào)，如果這兩個(gè)信號(hào)發(fā)生，則進(jìn)入die狀態(tài)，即游戲結(jié)束。在die狀態(tài)下，屏幕會(huì)閃爍一段時(shí)間，最后進(jìn)入ready狀態(tài)。此子模塊代碼如下：module game_ctrl_unit(input clk，input reset，input

12、key1_press，input key2_press，input key3_press，input key4_press，input hit_wall，input hit_body，output reg 1:0 game_status，output reg die_flash，output reg restart)；localparam restart = 2b00；localparam start = 2b01；localparam play = 2b10；localparam die = 2b11；reg 31:0 clk_cnt；always ( posedge clk ) begin

13、 if( !reset ) begin game_status = start； clk_cnt = 0； die_flash = 1； restart = 0； endelse begin case( game_status ) restart：begin if( clk_cnt = 5 ) begin clk_cnt = clk_cnt + 1； restart = 1； end else begin game_status = start； clk_cnt = 0； restart = 0； endend start： begin if( key1_press | key2_press

14、| key3_press | key4_press ) begingame_status = play； end end play： begin if( hit_wall | hit_body ) game_status = die；end die： begin if( clk_cnt = 200000000 ) begin clk_cnt = clk_cnt + 1； if( clk_cnt = 25000000 ) die_flash = 0； else if( clk_cnt = 50000000 ) die_flash = 1； else if( clk_cnt = 75000000

15、)die_flash = 0； else if( clk_cnt = 100000000 )die_flash = 1； else if( clk_cnt = 125000000 )die_flash = 0； else if( clk_cnt = 150000000 )die_flash = 1； end else begin die_flash = 1； clk_cnt = 0； game_status = restart； end end endcaseendendendmodule2.2 snake 這是本次試驗(yàn)最復(fù)雜的部分，此模塊需要完成四項(xiàng)任務(wù)：（1）保持蛇的運(yùn)動(dòng) （2）根據(jù)按下的

16、鍵改變蛇的運(yùn)動(dòng)方向 （3）判斷蛇是否碰撞墻或者自己的身體 （4）在液晶顯示器上顯示根據(jù)vga_control模塊此子模塊代碼如下：module snake (input clk，input reset，input left_press，input right_press，input up_press，input down_press，input 9:0 x_pos，input 9:0 y_pos，input add_cube，input 1:0 game_status，input die_flash，output reg 1:0 snake，output reg 6:0 cube_num，ou

17、tput 5:0 head_x，output 5:0 head_y，output reg hit_body，output reg hit_wall)；localparam up = 2b00；localparam down = 2b01；localparam left = 2b10；localparam right = 2b11；localparam none = 2b00；localparam head = 2b01；localparam body = 2b10；localparam wall = 2b11；localparam play = 2b10；reg 31:0 cnt；wire 1

18、:0 direct； reg 1:0 direct_r；assign direct=direct_r；reg 1:0 direct_next；reg change_to_left；reg change_to_right；reg change_to_up；reg change_to_down； reg 5:0 cube_x15:0；reg 5:0 cube_y15:0；reg 15:0 is_exist；reg 2:0 color；assign head_x = cube_x0；assign head_y = cube_y0；always ( posedge clk ) /初始化剛開(kāi)始時(shí)我們?cè)O(shè)定

19、蛇向右運(yùn)動(dòng)if( !reset)direct_r=right ；elsedirect_r=direct_next；always ( posedge clk )beginif(!reset ) begin /設(shè)定初始化后剛開(kāi)始三個(gè)蛇塊的位置cnt = 0；cube_x0 = 10；cube_y0 = 5；cube_x1 = 9；cube_y1 = 5；cube_x2 = 8；cube_y2 = 5；hit_wall = 0；hit_body = 0； endelse begincnt = cnt + 1；if( cnt = 12500000 ) begincnt = 0;if( game_sta

20、tus = play ) begin /在play過(guò)程中判斷是否hit_wallif( ( direct = up & cube_y0 = 1 ) | ( direct = down & cube_y0 = 28 )| ( direct = left & cube_x0 = 1 )| ( direct = right & cube_x0 = 38 ) )hit_wall = 1;/下邊判斷是否hit_dodyelse if( ( cube_y0 = cube_y1 & cube_x0 = cube_x1 & is_exist1 = 1 )| ( cube_y0 = cube_y2 & cube

21、_x0 = cube_x2 & is_exist2 = 1 )| ( cube_y0 = cube_y3 & cube_x0 = cube_x3 & is_exist3 = 1 )| ( cube_y0 = cube_y4 & cube_x0 = cube_x4 & is_exist4 = 1 )| ( cube_y0 = cube_y5 & cube_x0 = cube_x5 & is_exist5 = 1 )| ( cube_y0 = cube_y6 & cube_x0 = cube_x6 & is_exist6 = 1 )| ( cube_y0 = cube_y7 & cube_x0 =

22、 cube_x7 & is_exist7 = 1 )| ( cube_y0 = cube_y8 & cube_x0 = cube_x8 & is_exist8 = 1 )| ( cube_y0 = cube_y9 & cube_x0 = cube_x9 & is_exist9 = 1 )| ( cube_y0 = cube_y10 & cube_x0 = cube_x10 & is_exist10 = 1 )| ( cube_y0 = cube_y11 & cube_x0 = cube_x11 & is_exist11 = 1 )| ( cube_y0 = cube_y12 & cube_x0

23、 = cube_x12 & is_exist12 = 1 )| ( cube_y0 = cube_y13 & cube_x0 = cube_x13 & is_exist13 = 1 )| ( cube_y0 = cube_y14 & cube_x0 = cube_x14 & is_exist14 = 1 )| ( cube_y0 = cube_y15 & cube_x0 = cube_x15 & is_exist15 = 1 ) ) hit_body=1;else /蛇運(yùn)動(dòng)過(guò)程中相鄰模塊之間坐標(biāo)存在聯(lián)系，依次代替 begincube_x1 = cube_x0；cube_y1 = cube_y0

24、；cube_x2 = cube_x1；cube_y2 = cube_y1；cube_x3 = cube_x2；cube_y3 = cube_y2；cube_x4 = cube_x3；cube_y4 = cube_y3；cube_x5 = cube_x4；cube_y5 = cube_y4；cube_x6 = cube_x5；cube_y6 = cube_y5；cube_x7 = cube_x6；cube_y7 = cube_y6；cube_x8 = cube_x7；cube_y8 = cube_y7；cube_x9 = cube_x8；cube_y9 = cube_y8；cube_x10 =

25、cube_x9；cube_y10 = cube_y9；cube_x11 = cube_x10；cube_y11 = cube_y10；cube_x12 = cube_x11；cube_y12 = cube_y11；cube_x13 = cube_x12；cube_y13 = cube_y12；cube_x14 = cube_x13；cube_y14 = cube_y13；cube_x15 = cube_x14；cube_y15 = cube_y14；case( direct ) /根據(jù)運(yùn)動(dòng)方向來(lái)決定蛇頭的坐標(biāo)up：beginif( cube_y0 = 1 )hit_wall = 1；else

26、cube_y0 = cube_y0 1；enddown： beginif( cube_y0 = 28 )hit_wall = 1；elsecube_y0 = cube_y0 + 1；endleft：beginif( cube_x0 = 1 )hit_wall = 1；else cube_x0 = cube_x0 1；endright： beginif( cube_x0 = 38 )hit_wall = 1；elsecube_x0 = cube_x0 + 1；endendcaseendendendendendalways ( * ) begindirect_next = direct;case(

27、 direct )up: beginif( change_to_left )direct_next = left；else if( change_to_right )direct_next = right；else direct_next = up；enddown : beginif( change_to_left )direct_next = left；else if( change_to_right )direct_next = right；else direct_next = down；endleft : beginif( change_to_up )direct_next = up；e

28、lse if( change_to_down )direct_next = down；else direct_next = left；endright : beginif( change_to_up )direct_next = up；else if( change_to_down )direct_next = down；else direct_next = right；endendcaseendalways ( posedge clk ) beginif( left_press = 1 ) beginchange_to_left = 1；endelse if( right_press = 1

29、 ) beginchange_to_right = 1；endelse if( up_press = 1 ) beginchange_to_up = 1；endelse if( down_press = 1 ) beginchange_to_down = 1；endelse beginchange_to_left = 0；change_to_right = 0；change_to_up = 0；change_to_down = 0；endendreg addcube_state；always ( posedge clk ) beginif( reset = 0 ) beginis_exist

30、= 16b0000000000000111；cube_num = 3；addcube_state = 0；endelse begincase( addcube_state )0: beginif( add_cube ) begincube_num = cube_num + 1；is_existcube_num = 1；addcube_state = 1；endend1: beginif(!add_cube)addcube_state = 0 & x_pos = 0 & y_pos 480 ) beginif( ( x_pos9:4 = 0 | y_pos9:4 = 0 | x_pos9:4 =

31、 39 | y_pos9:4 = 29 ) )snake = wall;else if( x_pos9:4 = cube_x0 & y_pos9:4 = cube_y0 & is_exist0 = 1 ) beginsnake = ( die_flash = 1 ) ? head : none；endelse if( ( x_pos9:4 = cube_x1 & y_pos9:4 = cube_y1 & is_exist1 = 1 )| ( x_pos9:4 = cube_x2 & y_pos9:4 = cube_y2 & is_exist2 = 1 )| ( x_pos9:4 = cube_

32、x3 & y_pos9:4 = cube_y3 & is_exist3 = 1 )| ( x_pos9:4 = cube_x4 & y_pos9:4 = cube_y4 & is_exist4 = 1 )| ( x_pos9:4 = cube_x5 & y_pos9:4 = cube_y5 & is_exist5 = 1 )| ( x_pos9:4 = cube_x6 & y_pos9:4 = cube_y6 & is_exist6 = 1 )| ( x_pos9:4 = cube_x7 & y_pos9:4 = cube_y7 & is_exist7 = 1 )| ( x_pos9:4 =

33、cube_x8 & y_pos9:4 = cube_y8 & is_exist8 = 1 )| ( x_pos9:4 = cube_x9 & y_pos9:4 = cube_y9 & is_exist9 = 1 )| ( x_pos9:4 = cube_x10 & y_pos9:4 = cube_y10 & is_exist10 = 1 )| ( x_pos9:4 = cube_x11 & y_pos9:4 = cube_y11 & is_exist11 = 1 )| ( x_pos9:4 = cube_x12 & y_pos9:4 = cube_y12 & is_exist12 = 1 )|

34、 ( x_pos9:4 = cube_x13 & y_pos9:4 = cube_y13 & is_exist13 = 1 )| ( x_pos9:4 = cube_x14 & y_pos9:4 = cube_y14 & is_exist14 = 1 )| ( x_pos9:4 = cube_x15 & y_pos9:4 = cube_y15 & is_exist15 = 1 )snake = ( die_flash = 1 ) ? body : none；elsesnake = none；endend endmodule2.3snake_eating_apple此模塊需要在液晶顯示器有效區(qū)域

35、內(nèi)隨機(jī)產(chǎn)生一個(gè)蘋(píng)果，而且需要判斷蛇是否已吃下蘋(píng)果。此子模塊代碼如下：module snake_eating_apple (input clk，input reset，input 5:0 head_x，input 5:0 head_y，output reg 5:0 apple_x，output reg 4:0 apple_y，output reg add_cube)；reg 31:0 clk_cnt；reg 10:0 random_num；always ( posedge clk )random_num = random_num + 927； always ( posedge clk ) beg

36、inif( reset = 0 ) beginclk_cnt = 0；apple_x = 24；apple_y = 10；add_cube = 0；endelse beginclk_cnt = clk_cnt + 1；if( clk_cnt = 250000 ) beginclk_cnt = 0；if( apple_x = head_x & apple_y = head_y ) begin add_cube = 1；apple_x 38 ) ? ( random_num10:5 - 25 ) :( random_num10:5 = 0 ) ? 1:random_num10:5；apple_y

37、28 ) ? ( random_num4:0 - 3 ) :( random_num4:0 = 0 ) ? 1 : random_num4:0； endelse add_cube = 0；endendendendmodule2.4vga_control此模塊直接控制液晶屏的顯示。產(chǎn)生五個(gè)信號(hào)：紅、綠、藍(lán)三色信號(hào)和行幀同步信號(hào)。此子模塊代碼如下：module vga_control (input clk，input reset，input 1:0 snake，input 5:0 apple_x，input 4:0 apple_y，output reg 9:0 x_pos，output reg 9

38、:0 y_pos，output reg h_sync，output reg v_sync，output reg 2:0 color_out)；reg 19:0 clk_cnt；reg 9:0 line_cnt；reg clk_25m；localparam none = 2b00；localparam head = 2b01；localparam body = 2b10；localparam wall = 2b11；localparam head_color = 3b010；localparam body_color = 3b011；reg 3:0 lox；reg 3:0 loy；always

39、( posedge clk ) beginclk_25m = clk_25m；end/ generate display signalalways ( posedge clk_25m ) beginif( reset = 0) begin clk_cnt = 0；line_cnt = 0；h_sync = 1；v_sync = 1；endelse beginx_pos = clk_cnt 144；y_pos = line_cnt 33；/產(chǎn)生水平控制信號(hào)if( clk_cnt = 0 ) beginh_sync = 0；clk_cnt = clk_cnt + 1；endelse if( clk

40、_cnt = 96 ) beginh_sync = 1；clk_cnt = clk_cnt + 1；endelse if( clk_cnt = 799 ) beginclk_cnt = 0；line_cnt = line_cnt + 1；endelse clk_cnt = clk_cnt + 1；/ 產(chǎn)生垂直控制信號(hào)if( line_cnt = 0 ) beginv_sync = 0；endelse if( line_cnt = 2 ) beginv_sync = 1；endelse if( line_cnt = 521 ) beginline_cnt = 0；v_sync = 0 & x_p

41、os = 0 & y_pos 480 ) beginlox = x_pos3:0；loy = y_pos3:0；if( x_pos9:4 = apple_x & y_pos9:4 = apple_y )case( loy, lox )8b0000_0000: color_out = 3b000； default：color_out = 3b001； endcaseelse if( snake = none )color_out = 3b000；else if( snake = wall )color_out = 3b101；else if( snake = head | snake = bod

42、y ) begincase( lox, loy )8b0000_0000: color_out = 3b000；default：color_out = ( snake = head ) ? head_color : body_color；endcaseendendelse color_out = 3b000；endend endmodule2.5key 本模塊根據(jù)撥碼開(kāi)關(guān)的高低電平，來(lái)產(chǎn)生left、right、up和down的信號(hào)，從而控制蛇的運(yùn)動(dòng)方向。此子模塊代碼如下：module key (input clk，input reset，input left，input right，input up，input down，output reg left_key_press，output reg right_key_press，output reg up_key_press，output reg down_key_press)；reg 31:0 clk_cnt；reg left_key_last；reg right_key_last；reg up_key_last；reg down_key_last；always ( posedge clk ) beginif( !reset