虛擬語(yǔ)氣形容詞和副詞

1、學(xué)習(xí)好資料歡迎下載虛擬語(yǔ)氣虛擬語(yǔ)氣是一種特殊的動(dòng)詞形式，用來(lái)表示說(shuō)話人所說(shuō)的話并不是事實(shí)或者與事實(shí)相反,是一種假設(shè)、愿望、懷疑或推測(cè)。Tomorrow 如果明天天氣好的話真實(shí)條件句If it is fine , we will go to the park.If it doesn rain, we will go to the park.Now現(xiàn)在的天氣是正在下雨非真實(shí)條件句If it were fine , I would go out to play.If it weren training, I would go out to play.非真實(shí)條件句所表示的假設(shè)是不可能或不大可能發(fā)生或?qū)?/p>

2、現(xiàn)的,句中的條件從句與結(jié)果主句皆用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。一、虛擬語(yǔ)氣在非真實(shí)條件句中的使用1.由if引導(dǎo)的和時(shí)態(tài)有關(guān)的虛擬語(yǔ)氣:虛擬情況從句主句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反if +主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式主語(yǔ)+would/should/ could /might+ 動(dòng)詞原形與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反if + 主語(yǔ) +had+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式 主語(yǔ) +would/should/ could /might+have+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反 if +主語(yǔ)+ should+V 主語(yǔ)+would/should/ could /might+ 動(dòng)詞原形were to+V1）與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反注意：條件從句中be 一律用were,不分人稱。但在口語(yǔ)中

3、或非正式場(chǎng)合中，第一、三人稱單數(shù)也可用was,現(xiàn)代美語(yǔ)更是如此。形式構(gòu)成：從句的謂語(yǔ)用動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式（be的過(guò)去式用 were）,構(gòu)成If I （we, you, he, they）+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式的形式；主句的謂語(yǔ)用 would （第二、三人稱）/should （第一人稱）/might/could+動(dòng)詞原形。此外，與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的虛擬條件句句型還有：If it were not for =Were it notfor 要不是/如果沒(méi)有 如果我在你的位置，我的想法會(huì)不同。If I were in your place, I should think differe ntly.如果我是你的話，我不會(huì)那

4、樣做。If I were you, I shouldn o like that.要是我是你，我就會(huì)對(duì)他說(shuō)實(shí)話。If I were you, I should （would, could, might）tell him the truth.如果他有時(shí)間，他就會(huì)（可能）和你去。If he had time, he would （could, might） go with you.要是我哥哥在這兒，一切都沒(méi)有問(wèn)題了。If my brother were here, everyth ing would be all right.2）與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反形式構(gòu)成：從句的謂語(yǔ)用had+過(guò)去分詞，構(gòu)成 If I

5、（we, you, he, they） + had +過(guò)去分詞的形式；主句的謂語(yǔ)用should （第一人稱）/would （第二、三人稱）/could/might have +動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞。如果你仔細(xì)一點(diǎn)，這個(gè)錯(cuò)誤是可以避免的。If you had been more careful, the mistakemight have been avoided.假如受過(guò)良好的教育，他就不會(huì)表現(xiàn)成那樣。He would n ever have behaved like that if he had had a good educati on.假如我的表不停，我就會(huì)準(zhǔn)時(shí)的。If my watch had

6、 not stopped, I should have been on time.如果我們遲點(diǎn)走的話，我們就會(huì)錯(cuò)失火車(chē)了。If we had left a little later, we should / would have missed the train.要是我碰到她的話，我就已經(jīng)告訴她了。If I had met her, I would have told her.注意：與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的句型還有：If it had not been for = Had it not been f要不是/如果沒(méi)有3）與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反形式構(gòu)成：從句的謂語(yǔ)用If I （we, you, he, they）

7、 +動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式或 were to do或should do形式，主句謂語(yǔ)用 should （第一人稱）/would （第二、三人稱）/could/ might +動(dòng)詞原形。如果他明天來(lái)的話，他就會(huì)知道了。If he came tomorrow, he would know it.如果她明天到那里去的話，她可能會(huì)遇到他的。If she were to go there tomorrow, she would meet him.假如他來(lái)了，我們對(duì)他說(shuō)什么呢？If he were to come, what should we say to him.假如他看見(jiàn)我，就會(huì)認(rèn)識(shí)我。If he should

8、 see me, he would know me.假如我們爬上山頂，我們能有一個(gè)好的視野嗎？If we climbed to the top of the mountain, should we get a good view?2. 虛擬條件句的省略與倒裝注意：當(dāng)虛擬條件句含有 were, had, should時(shí)，可以省略if,而把were, had, should移到 主語(yǔ)之前，即用倒裝句，但動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式不可以與主語(yǔ)倒裝。If we had left a little earlier, we would have caught the bus.Tad we left a little ea

9、rlier, we would have caught the bus.如果我們?cè)琰c(diǎn)走，就可以趕上公共汽車(chē)了。If I were in his place, I would try my best.Were I in his place, I would try my best.如果我在他的位置，我會(huì)盡我所能的。如果他在，他會(huì)來(lái)幫助我們。Were he here, he would come to help us.假如你剛才在這里，你就會(huì)遇見(jiàn)她。Had you been here just now, you would have met her.假如我明天看見(jiàn)他，我就會(huì)告訴他關(guān)于這一切。Sho

10、uld I see him tomorrow, I would tell him about it.3. 混合時(shí)間虛擬語(yǔ)氣當(dāng)條件狀語(yǔ)從句表示的行為和主句表示的行為所發(fā)生的時(shí)間不一致時(shí)，被稱為錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句”，動(dòng)詞的形式要根據(jù)它所表示的時(shí)間作出相應(yīng)的調(diào)整。如果他早點(diǎn)出發(fā)，他現(xiàn)在已到家了。If he had set out earlier, he would be home now.假如我不忙，我就會(huì)來(lái)了。If I were not busy, I would have come.假如你接受了我的意見(jiàn)，你現(xiàn)在就會(huì)好得多。You would be much better now if you had

11、 taken my advice.鞏固練習(xí)1.Iyou a more valuable prese nt for your birthday, but I was short of money at that time.A.much have bought B. had boughtC. would have boughtD. would buy2f she could sew, sheherself a shirt.A. had madeB. will make C. would have made D. made3. he come, the problem would be settle

12、d.A.Would B. ShouldC. Shall D. If4. he would have succeeded in the exam in ati ons.A.If he has worked hard B. If he works hardC. If he worked hard D. Had he worked hard5. What would you do if the war.A.would break outB. were to break outC. will break outD. is broke n out4. 虛擬語(yǔ)氣在其他從句中的使用1) 虛擬語(yǔ)氣在主語(yǔ)從句中

13、的用法主語(yǔ)從句是 It s necessary (natural, importanttrange, surprising, better, a pity, no wonder) +that時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)的虛擬形式用(should)+原形動(dòng)詞或 should + have+過(guò)去分詞來(lái)表示。高中學(xué)生掌握一門(mén)外語(yǔ)很有必要。It is n ecessary that a high school stude nt should master a foreig n Ian guage.很遺憾他居然沒(méi)有在。It is a pity that he should be abse nt today.我們說(shuō)話要有禮貌

14、，這是很重要的。It is importa nt that we should speak politely.注意：有些過(guò)去分詞可以當(dāng)形容詞使用，在主語(yǔ)從句中要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，常見(jiàn)的有：desired,dema nded, requested, suggested,required 等。2) 虛擬語(yǔ)氣在表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句的用法在 suggestion, proposal, order, plan, idea, request, advice , insistence 等名詞后的表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句中要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。其構(gòu)成是“ should動(dòng)詞原形”。My idea is that we shoul

15、d think it over before accept ing it.We all agreed to his suggesti on that we should go to Dalia n for sightsee ing.3) 虛擬語(yǔ)氣在賓語(yǔ)從句中的用法固定的單詞或者短語(yǔ)：在一個(gè)堅(jiān)持(in sist)，兩個(gè)命令(order, comma nd)，三個(gè)建議(suggest,advice, propose)，四個(gè)要求( ask,demand request, require) 等動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用(should) +動(dòng)詞原形”，表示建議、要求、命令等。我建議馬上動(dòng)身。I su

16、ggest that we (should) set off at once.學(xué)生們堅(jiān)持要多上英語(yǔ)課。The stude nts in sisted that they (should) have more En glish classes.注意：在主語(yǔ)+ would (had) rather + that賓語(yǔ)從句中，從句謂語(yǔ)用過(guò)去式表示虛擬形式。我倒希望他們和我一起去。I would rather they went with me.1) wish+賓語(yǔ)從句現(xiàn)在：過(guò)去時(shí) (did/were)過(guò)去：過(guò)去完成時(shí) (had don e)將來(lái)：would/could/might/should+V .

17、I wish I were a bird.(現(xiàn)在)I wish I hadn t made such a mis過(guò)去.)(We wish our parents wouldn t punish us未來(lái))注意：用在wish后的賓語(yǔ)從句中，其形式有三種情況：對(duì)目前狀況所表示的祝愿或抱歉，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為一般過(guò)去式。be 一律用were。對(duì)將來(lái)發(fā)生的事情表示祝愿，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為:would/could/might+v.原形。對(duì)過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情表示遺憾、后悔，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為：had + done表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在情況的虛擬：從句動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式或過(guò)去進(jìn)行式(be動(dòng)詞一般用were)。我希望知道這個(gè)問(wèn)題的答案。I wish I

18、knew the an swer to the questio n.但愿北京全年是秋天。I wish it were autu mn in Beiji ng all the year around.她希望仍和祖母住在一起。She wishes she were still living with her grandmother.(5)表示對(duì)過(guò)去情況的虛擬：從句動(dòng)詞常用had +過(guò)去分詞”。我后悔不該花那么多錢(qián)。I wish I hadn tspent so much money.他真希望沒(méi)有失去機(jī)會(huì)。He wishes he had n ot lost the cha nee.(6)表示對(duì)將來(lái)

19、的主觀愿望：從句動(dòng)詞形式為Would +動(dòng)詞原形”。但愿雨能停止。I wish it would stop raining.但愿你立刻來(lái)。I wish you would come soon.例句翻譯：1. I didn t go toe party, but I do wish I had been there.2. I should have gone to the opera yesterday.I wish I had had yesterday.3. Tom can take his car apart and put it back together aga in.I certai

20、 nly wish he would teach me how to do it.4. I wish he hadn t gone.注意：如果wish是過(guò)去式，后面從句的動(dòng)詞的虛擬語(yǔ)氣形式不變，仍用過(guò)去時(shí)或過(guò)去完成。5. 含蓄條件的虛擬語(yǔ)氣有時(shí)為了表達(dá)的需要，在虛擬語(yǔ)氣中并不總是出現(xiàn)if引導(dǎo)的條件句，而通過(guò)其他手段代替條件句。比如通過(guò)介詞短語(yǔ)引出的含蓄條件，或由連詞but,畐恫otherwise,or elsewithout和but for等引出的構(gòu)成虛擬。(but for要不是)I was ill that day. Otherwise, I would have take n part i

21、n the sports meet.(副詞)He teleph oned to inform me of your birthday, or I would have known nothing about it . (連詞)Without sun light, peo ple s life would be difficult .But for your help, I wouldn t have finished the work.Without your help, I (fail)would have failedBut for water, it (be) would beimpos

22、sible to live in the desert.6. 虛擬條件句的其他情況1)句型：It + be + adj. / n. / pp + that 從句 + (should) v.原形；常用的形容詞有：important, necessary, possible, hoped, strange,desirable 等。It is hoped that you (should) be there in pers on.It is importa nt that he con firm his reservati ons before Friday.It is necessary that

23、 an efficient worker accomplish his work on time.It is n atural that products of high quality （should） sell well.2） 用于 would rather / would soon er / would prefer 等表示 寧愿、希望意義動(dòng)詞之后的賓語(yǔ)從句中；3）在It is a /high ime that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句中，要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣 ；4） in order that ， so that ， for fear that， in case等引導(dǎo)的目的狀語(yǔ)從句中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞多用woul

24、d （第二、三人稱）/should （第一人稱）/might/could +動(dòng)詞原形。She took a taxi in order that she might get there in time.Bring some more money in case you might use it later.It sounds as if some one is knocking at the door.5）用于as if /though引導(dǎo)的方式狀語(yǔ)從句中現(xiàn)在：過(guò)去時(shí)過(guò)去：過(guò)去完成時(shí)My mother looks after the orphan as if he were her own c

25、hild.They look as if they were real brothers.He talked as if nothing had happe ned.但在It sou nds / looks / seems as if后的從句中，表示情況很可能發(fā)生有時(shí)可用陳述語(yǔ)氣。It looks as if it s going to rain.6）would rather-現(xiàn)在：過(guò)去時(shí)過(guò)去：過(guò)去完成時(shí)未來(lái)：過(guò)去時(shí)I would rather you paid me now.（現(xiàn)在）I would rather you had gone, too.（過(guò)去）Don t come. I woul

26、d rather you came tomorrow.（未來(lái)）7）用于定語(yǔ)從句：It s （about/high） time+that 過(guò)去時(shí)-should +V.你該走了。 It s high time that you went.It s high time thyou should go.我們?cè)撍X(jué)了。It s time that we went to bed.It s time that we should go to bed.8) 用于If only引導(dǎo)的感嘆句(用法同 wish)If only I knew his n ame!If only we had followed you

27、r advice!If only I could see him aga in!要是我們的父母能和我們住在一起就好了。If only our parents could live with us!要是我沒(méi)錯(cuò)過(guò)火車(chē)就好了！If only I hadn t missed the train!重要知識(shí)點(diǎn)補(bǔ)充1、用介詞短語(yǔ)代替條件狀語(yǔ)從句。常用的介詞由 with, without, but for等What would you do with a milli on dollars?=if you had a milli on dollarsWe couldnhave finished the work

28、 ahead of time without your help. (= if we hadn tgotyourhelp)But for rain( =lf it hadn tbeen for the rain), we would have finished the work.2、 在It is (high) time (that) 的句型中，定語(yǔ)從句的虛擬形式常用過(guò)去式或should +動(dòng)詞原形(should不能省略)，表示 現(xiàn)在該”我們?cè)撟吡恕t is time we left3、if only表示一種假設(shè)情況，意思是 要是就好了 ”，相當(dāng)于主語(yǔ)+ wish。要是今天是星期天就好了。I

29、f only it were Su nday today.要是他幽默點(diǎn)就好了。If only he had a sense of humor.4、由as if(as though)或even though(even though)引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句表示比較或方式時(shí)，從句謂語(yǔ)形式為動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式(be用were )或“ haek過(guò)去分詞”。他那樣對(duì)待我，好像我式陌生人似的。He treats me as if I were a stran ger.她談?wù)撃遣坑捌?就好像她確實(shí)看過(guò)一樣。She talked about the film as if she had really seen it.注意：

30、如果表示的事情可能會(huì)發(fā)生，那么方式狀語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可用陳述語(yǔ)氣。5、 虛擬語(yǔ)氣用在含有If it were not for或If it had not been for 條件句中。If it were not for the rain, the crops would die.If it had not been for your help, we coul dn t have finished the work ahead of time.6、虛擬語(yǔ)氣表示委婉語(yǔ)氣的句型中。It would be better for you not to do that.Would you be so

31、kind as to show me the way to the railway stati on.7、用于“ma十動(dòng)詞原形”表示 祝愿”，may必須置于句首。May you succeed!May you be happy!鞏固練習(xí)1. Jack can t have arrived yet, otherwise heme.A. would phonedB. phonedC. would have phoned D. had phoned2. Without your help, Ithe exam last term.A. failed inB. would have failed C.

32、 wouldn t pass D. would fail3. But for the Party, heof hun ger 30 years ago.A.died B. would die C. must have died D. would have died4. What would have happe ned,as far as the river bank?A. Bob had walked B. if Bob should walk C. had Bob walked D. if Bob walked5.If youhim yesterday, youwhat to do now

33、.A. asked would know B. had askedwould have knownC. asked him know D. had asked would know情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和虛擬語(yǔ)氣的鞏固練習(xí)1. I don t really like Janes. Why did you invite him?Don t worry. He come. He said he washat bistOlianw were.A. mus tnt B. need nt C.would nt D. might nt2. Just be patie nt. Youexpected the world

34、cha nge so soon.A.ca ntB.n eed ntC.may not D.will not3. Markhave hurried. After drivi ng at top speed, he arrived half an hour early.A.n eed nt B.would nt C.must ntD.could nt4. John went to the hospital alone.If heme about it, I would have gone with him.A.should tell B.tells C.told D.had told5. -Goo

35、d morning. I ve got an appointment with Miss Smith in the Personnel Department.Ah, good morning. Yoube Mrs. Peters.A.might B must C would D can6. The weather has bee n very hot and dry.-Yes. If it had rained eve n a drop, thi ngs would be much better now. And my vegetablesA.would nt die B did nt die

36、 C had nt die D would nt have died7. I have nt got the reference book yet, but I will have a test n ext month on the subject.-Dont worry. Youhave it by Friday.A. could B shall C must D may8.If wethe other road, we might have arrived here in time for the meeti ng.A. take B had taken C took D have tak

37、e n9.May I take this book out of the read ing room?-No, you. You read it here.A.might ntB wo ntC need nt D must nt10.1 have told you the truth.I keep repeati ng it?A.Must B Can C May D Will11. Teachers recomme nded parentstheir childre n un der 12 to ride bicycles to schoolfor safety.A. not allow B

38、do n ot allow C must nt allow D could nt allow12. Youhave a wrong nu mber, she said. There is no one of that nu mberA.n eed B can C must D would13. Doctors say that exercise is importa nt for health, but itbe regular exercise.A.can B will C must D may14. Youbuy a gift , but you can if you want to.A.

39、MustB must nt C have to D dont have to15.If hemy advice, he would nt have lost his job.A.followed B should follow C had followed D would follow16.lthave bee n Tom that parked the car here, as he is the only one with car.A.may B can C must should17. But for the help of my En glish teacher, Ithe first

40、 prize of the En glish Writ ingCompetiti on.A.would not win B would not have won C. would win D would have won18. Tha nk you for all your hard work last week. I dont think weit without you .A.ca n man ageB could have man agedC could man ageD can have man aged19. Peterbe really difficult sometimes ev

41、en though he is a nice person in general.A.shall B should C can D must20. What does the sig n over there read?No personsmoke or carry a lighted cigarette, cigar or pipe in this area.A. will B may C shall D must21. Could I have a word with you ,mum?Oh, dear, if you.A.ca nB must C may D should22. fire

42、d, your health care and other ben efits will n ot be immediately cut off.A.Would you be B Should you be C. Could you be D Might you be23. When Lily fain ted, we could have turned to your father for help.Yes, sending her to hospitaln ecessary.A.Had nt bee nB was ntC would ntD were nt24. You cant imag

43、i ne that a well-behaved gen tlema nbe so rude to a lady.A.mightB n eedC should D would25. Thelook on her face suggested that sheher man agers idea.A.C onfusing; would nt quite un dersta ndB Con fused;had nt quite un derstoodC Confusing; had nt quite un derstoodD Con fused; should nt quite un dersta

44、 nd26. this after noon, you would have to come aga in n ext week.A.The boss were not to retur n B The boss did nt retur nC Didnt the boss retur n D Were the boss not to retur n27. The local peasants gave the soldiers clothes and food without which theyof coldand hun ger.A.Would die B will die C woul

45、d be dead D would have died28. for the fact that she got hit by a car and broke her leg on her way to school , shemight have passed the exam.A.Had it not bee n B Had nt it bee n C Was it not D Were it not29. After the bell rin gs, which in dicates the ending of the exam, youstayyou areun til all you

46、r papers are collected.A.shall; where B would; in which C will; which shall; in which30.1your pho ne nu mber; otherwise Iyou the mome nt i got to Chan gsha.A.had nt known ;had rungB had nt known; would ringC did nt kno w;should have rung D did nt kno w;would have rung形容詞和副詞形容詞一.形容詞的定義：形容詞表示人或事物的性質(zhì) ，

47、特征或狀態(tài)，用于修飾名詞或不定代詞.二.形容詞在句中的作用 ：1.作定語(yǔ):He is a great writer.This is an interesting book.I have somethi ng importa nt to tell you.2. 作表語(yǔ) :The bridge is long and wide.It is getting warm.3. 作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)(賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)或主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)):被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)與主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)是密切相關(guān)的。例如：(1) I saw him play ing basketball yesterday.(2) He was see n play i

48、ng basketball yesterday.The n ews made her happy.We found the text very difficult.You should keep your classroom clea n. The classroom should be kept clea n.4. 作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)：the+adj ”表示具有形容詞所描述特征的某一類(lèi)人或事物，這種名詞化的形容詞起著名詞的作 用，在句中可以作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)We should respect the old and love the young.The new will replace the old.

49、The rich and the poor live in separate sect ions in London.5. 作狀語(yǔ)：形容詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí),多用來(lái)說(shuō)明一個(gè)名詞或代詞的情況Un happy with the result, hereturned to work.Long and tidy, his hair played in the breeze.An xious for a quick decisi on, we called for a vote.三. 關(guān)于形容詞的作用要注意的問(wèn)題：一般說(shuō)來(lái)，形容詞既可作定語(yǔ)又可作表語(yǔ)，但是：1. 有些形容詞只能作表語(yǔ)和補(bǔ)語(yǔ)，不能像普通形容詞那樣作

50、前置定語(yǔ)，這樣的形容詞稱為表語(yǔ)形容詞，如：afraid（害怕的）,alike（相同的）,alive（活著的）,alone（單獨(dú)的）,ashamed（羞 愧的）,asleep（睡著的）,awake（醒著的）,aware（意識(shí)到的）,ill（有病的）,well（身體健康的）,gla d（高興的）,pleased（高興的）,sorry（難過(guò)的）,content（滿意的）,fond（喜歡的）等。如：Is the baby still asleep?這個(gè)嬰兒還在睡覺(jué)嗎？My family are all fond of going to the cinema.我們?nèi)叶紣?ài)看電影。We are not c

51、ontent with the prese nt achieveme nts.我們不滿足于目前的成就。表語(yǔ)形容詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)需后置.2.有些形容詞只能作定語(yǔ)，不能作表語(yǔ)，這樣的形容詞稱為定語(yǔ)形容詞，如：elder（年歲較大的）,eldest（最年長(zhǎng)的）,indoor （室內(nèi)的）,outdoor（室外的）, daily（每天的）,everyday（每天的）,weekly（每周的）,monthly（每月的）,yearly（每年的）,last（最后的）,wooden（木制的）,woolen（毛紡的）silken （綢的，柔軟的）,live（ 活的）former 前任的，latter 后者，front 前

52、面的，back 后面的，outer 外部的golden,等。如：livi ng people Those soldiers are still alive.a sleep ing baby The baby was sound asleep.a Ion ely woma na frighte ned boya sick pers onI like wooden furniture. 我喜歡木制家具School is an everyday eve nt for most childre n.對(duì)大多數(shù)孩子來(lái)說(shuō)，上學(xué)是每天都要做的事。關(guān)于表語(yǔ)形容詞和定語(yǔ)形容詞的用法并不是絕對(duì)的，當(dāng)它們表示的意思發(fā)

53、生變化，其用法也可能隨之變化，如ill表示“生病的”通常只用表語(yǔ)，但表示“壞的”時(shí)，卻通常只用作定語(yǔ)。（live/alive/living都有 活的、有生命的意思，與dead意義相反。但live通常只作前置定語(yǔ)， 且一般用于動(dòng)物；alive、living不僅可作定語(yǔ)（alive只能置于名詞后；living 般置于名詞 前，也可置于名詞后），也可以作表語(yǔ)。This is a live（=living） fish.（=This is a fish alive.）這是一條活魚(yú)。（指動(dòng)物，且作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，三者均可用）Whos the greatest man alive（=livi ng man）?誰(shuí)是當(dāng)

54、今最偉大的人物？（指人，不能用live）The fish is still alive（=liv ing）那條魚(yú)還活著。（指動(dòng)物作表語(yǔ)時(shí)不能用live ）。living主要指在某個(gè)時(shí)候是活著的，而alive指本來(lái)有死的可能，但仍活著的。 而且，作主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)，只能用 alive ;作比喻義（如 活像。”、活生生的”等）解時(shí), 要用 living。The enemy officer was caught alive.（作主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，不用living） 那位敵方軍官被活捉了。We found the snake alive.（作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，不用living）He is the livi

55、ng image of his father.（比喻義，不用 alive） 他活像他父親。只有l(wèi)iving前加the方可表示活著的人”，作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，視作復(fù)數(shù)。The livi ng are more importa nt to us than the dead.活著的人對(duì)我們來(lái)說(shuō)比死去的人更重要。）四. 形容詞在句中的位置：1. 單個(gè)形容詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，一般放在被修飾的名詞之前；當(dāng)三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上的形容詞修飾一個(gè) 名詞時(shí)，可遵循縣官行令殺國(guó)材”的判定方法.縣，即卩 限”，指限定詞，如： the; a/an; this; that; your; my; his官，即 觀”，指觀點(diǎn)或評(píng)價(jià)性形容詞，如：lovely; interesting; beautiful; moving;in structive 行，即 形”，指形狀大小，如：large; big; small; little; round; square .令，即卩 齡”，指年齡及新舊，如：new; old; ancient; two-year- old殺，即卩 色”，指顏色，如：red; green; orange; brown 國(guó)，指國(guó)家或出處，如：Chin ese; Japa nese; home- made材，指材料，也就是用什么做的。如：earth; br