新核心大學(xué)英語B版聽說教程3Unit 8

1、Unit 8 Biology and Our Life In this unit you will: 1. learn about the basics of biotechnology, and how it relates to daily life; 2. familiarize yourself with the words and expressions related to the theme of the unit; 3. practice word stress and identify the main ideas in spoken discourse; 4. enhanc

2、e listening skills through non-theme-related audio and video materials; 5. use proper expressions and sentence structures to discuss biotechnology and the relationship between biology and daily life. Learning objectives Section I Lecture I Section II Interview Section III Lecture II 1. Do you know w

3、hat hardware and software are? And do you know what bioware is? 2. What are your expectations of future biotechnology? Lead-in questions: Unit 8 Part I Section I Lead-in questions Word Bank meniscus /mnsks/ n. 半月板半月板 cartilage /ktld/ n. 軟組織軟組織 ligament /lmnt/ n. 韌帶韌帶 arthritic/rtk/ adj. 整形外科的，矯正術(shù)的整形

4、外科的，矯正術(shù)的 orthopedic /pidk/ adj. 動亂；混亂動亂；混亂 bionic /bank/ adj. 仿生學(xué)的仿生學(xué)的 shock absorber n. 減震器減震器 allograft /lgrft/ n. 同種異體移植同種異體移植 Unit 8 Part I Section I Word Bank stem cell paste graft n. 干細(xì)胞黏貼移植干細(xì)胞黏貼移植 immunology /mjnldi/ n. 免疫學(xué)免疫學(xué) epitope /eptp/ n. 表位表位 galactosyl /glktsl/ n. 半乳糖半乳糖 achilles tend

5、on /kliztendn/ 跟腱跟腱 collagen /kldn/ n. 膠質(zhì)，膠原膠質(zhì)，膠原 antigens /ntdn/ n. 抗原抗原 regeneration /rdenren/ n. 再生再生 Unit 8 Part I Section I Word Bank enzyme /enzam/ n. 酶酶 ambulation /mbjlen/ n. 移動歷史移動歷史 outpatient /atpent/ n. 門診病人門診病人 Unit 8 Part I Section I Word Bank Notes Unit 8 Part I Section I Notes 1. Bac

6、kground information of the lecture Arthritis and injury grind down millions of joints, but few get the best remedy real biological tissue. Kevin Stone shows a treatment that could sidestep the high costs and donor shortfall of human-tohuman transplants with a novel use of animal tissue. 2. Kevin Sto

7、ne Kevin Stones clinic treats joint injury using the latest in bio-medicine: reconstructing damaged tissue, even replacing whole joint parts, with lab-grown cartilage and ligament. Task 1 Watch the video clip and then decide whether the following statements are true or false. Task Unit 8 Part I Sect

8、ion I Task 1 1. The speaker tore his knee joint meniscus cartilage when he was playing soccer in high school. 2. According to the video, arthritis affects people even more than cancer. 3. The girl in the video, Jen Hudak, won the Superpipe in Aspen nine months after having destroyed her knee. 4. To

9、transplant animal tissues to people, one must fi gure out a way to add more epitope. 5. Doctors can use thinner, younger, better tissues than one might have injured in his knee. T F _ _ F _ T _ F _ Task 2 Watch the video clip for the second time and then complete the following sentences. Task Unit 8

10、 Part I Section I Task 2 1. So this me to become an orthopedic surgeon and to see if I couldnt solutions for those problems that would keep me , and not me. 2. Desperate for a solution, weve turned to engineering to to replace our body parts. 3. Theres not enough young healthy people their motorcycl

11、es and that tissue to us. motivated _ focus on _ playing sports _ limit_ design artificial components _ worn-out _ falling off _ donating _ Unit 8 Part I Section I Task 2 4. What about getting to a total biologic knee , not just the parts? How are we going to artificial joint replacement? 5. So welc

12、ome to super biologics. Its not . Its not software. Its . revolutionize_ hardware_ replacement _ bioware_ Unit 8 Part I Section I Task 2 8. Even schoolchildren know that you . 9. Scientists think it took less than a millionth of a millionth of a millionth of a millionth of a second for the universe

13、to . 10. So now the Big Bang is only a few “Planck Times” old: than the speed of light. “cant go faster than the speed of light” _ _ expand from the size of an atom to a baseball _ an exploding mass of pure energy expanding faster _ 1. What motivated the speaker to become an orthopedic surgeon? 2. A

14、re the biologic replacements better than artificial components? Why or why not? 3. Describe how people use animal tissues to make biologic knees. Task 3 Watch the video clip again and then have a group discussion based on the following questions. After the discussion, each group will give a brief re

15、port to the class. Task Unit 8 Part I Section I Task 3 【Script】 Script Unit 8 Part I Section I Script So let me just start with my story. So I tore my knee joint meniscus cartilage playing soccer in college. Then I went on to tear my ACL, the ligament in my knee, and then developed an arthritic knee

16、, and Im sure that many of you in this audience have that same story, and by the way, I married a woman who has exactly the same story. So this motivated me to become an orthopedic surgeon and to see if I couldnt focus on solutions for those problems that would keep me playing sports, and not limit

17、me. So with that, let me just show you a quick video to get you in the mood of what were trying to explain. Word Bank rut /rt/ n. 刻板乏味的生活刻板乏味的生活 dietitian /datn/ n. 營養(yǎng)師營養(yǎng)師 ranch /rnt/ adj. 牧場式的牧場式的 pasta /pst/ n. 意大利面意大利面 couscous /ksks/ n. 北非米，粗麥粉北非米，粗麥粉 lactose /lkts/ n. 乳糖乳糖 lactate /lktet/ v. 泌乳

18、泌乳 Unit 8 Part I Section II Word Bank Notes Unit 8 Part I Section II Notes 1. Dietitian A dietitian is a health care professional who focuses on proper food and nutrition in order to promote good health. They supervise the preparation and service of food, develop modifi ed diets, participate in rese

19、arch, and educate individuals and groups on good nutritional habits. The goals of dietitians are to provide medical nutritional intervention, and to obtain, safely prepare, and serve and advise on flavorsome, attractive, and nutritious food for patients, groups and communities. 2. Family Circle Fami

20、ly Circle is an American womens magazine 1. What is Regina Ragones occupation? A. A cook. B. A full-time housewife. C. A registered dietitian. D. A columnist. 2. Why does Regina Ragone love to cut up bananas and freeze them? A. Frozen bananas contain more nutrition. B. She could not eat a whole bana

21、na at once. C. Frozen bananas taste like ice cream to her. D. She considers it a good way to keep bananas from spoiling. Task 1 Watch the video clip and choose the best answers to the questions below. Task Unit 8 Part I Section II Task 1 3. According to Regina Ragone, from which of the following foo

22、ds can people NOT get protein? A. A lean piece of chicken or ground beef. B. A big steak. C. A plate of vegetables. D. A bowl of rice. 4. At what percentage of fat is chicken or ground beef considered “l(fā)ean”? A. 90%. B. 60%. C. 10%. D. 20%. Unit 8 Part I Section II Task 1 5. According to Regina Rago

23、ne, what is true about whole grain pasta? A. Whole grain pasta tastes exactly like regular pasta. B. Whole grain pasta tastes like wheat but looks like white. C. Whole grain pasta tastes a little harder than regular pasta. D. Whole grain pasta is made of white rice. 6. According to the passage, yogu

24、rt is a great way to get in _. A. lactose B. cream C. calcium D. milk Unit 8 Part I Section II Task 1 1. What is the difference between traditional ideas of a meal and what nutritionists recommend now? 2. How many vegetables and fruits should adults have for a day? Task 2 Watch the video clip for th

25、e second time and give a short answer to each of the following questions. Task In the past, people grew up with meat as the main part of their meals. Now, nutritionists recommend that meals be half salad and vegetables, a quarter protein, and a quarter grain. Adults should have 2 to 3 servings of ve

26、getables a day and 2 to 3 fruits. _ _ _ _ _ _ Unit 8 Part I Section II Task 2 Unit 8 Part I Section II Task 2 3. Why are some people cutting dairy out of their diets? For people who are lactose intolerant, is there any substitute for dairy? Many people think that dairy is not good for them, so they

27、cut out dairy. The lactose intolerant could use lactate milk. _ _ Task 3 Watch the video clip again and then work with a partner to summarize Ragones serving suggestions. Task Unit 8 Part I Section II Task 3 【Script】 Vegetables and fruits: . Meats: . Whole grain: . Dairy: People should eat a large p

28、ortion of fruits and vegetables. Adults should have 2 to 3 servings of both fruits and vegetables every day _ _ _ Protein is very important. However Ragone recommends lean chicken or ground beef, which are 90% fat free _ _ The dietary guidelines suggest that half of all carbohydrates should come fro

29、m whole grain. Ragone suggests couscous and whole grain pasta as healthy forms of carbohydrates _ _ _ _ People need the calcium from dairy. For those who are lactose intolerant, they could choose lactate milk or yogurts. _ _ Unit 8 Part I Section II Task 3 Script H: Everyone knows the importance of

30、healthy eating, yet many of us still buy unhealthy foods. So here to help us break out the shopping rut is Family Circle food director and registered dietitian, Regina Ragone. Thanks so much for joining us, Regina. R: Oh, thank you, thank you so much, and really you do have to take control of your s

31、hopping because if you dont have the food in the house, youre not going to be able to prepare healthy meals or snacks. Word Bank exoskeleton /eksskeltn/ n. 外骨骼外骨骼 squat /skwt/ n. 半蹲半蹲 agility /dlti/ n. 敏捷，靈活敏捷，靈活 augment /ment/ v. 增大增大 crutch /krt/ n. 胯部胯部 gait /et/ n. 步態(tài)，步法步態(tài)，步法 summersault /smslt/

32、 n. 筋斗；翻筋斗筋斗；翻筋斗 pelvis /pelvs/ n. 骨盆骨盆 Unit 8 Part I Section III Word Bank Notes Unit 8 Part I Section III Notes Exoskeleton An exoskeleton is the external skeleton that supports and protects an animals body, in contrast to the internal skeleton of, for example a human. In popular usage, some of th

33、e larger kinds of exoskeletons are known as “shells”. Examples of exoskeleton animals include insects such as grasshoppers and cockroaches, and crustaceans such as crabs and lobsters. According to the speaker, which of the following is not a function of the exoskeleton? A. It will further enhance th

34、e users speed. B. It will give the user extra strength. C. It will keep the user at a constant temperature. D. It will manage the users balance. 2. According to the speaker, how many American soldiers suffer from chronic back injuries? A. 30%. B. 100%. C. 70%. D. 50%. Task 1 Watch the video clip and

35、 choose the best answers to the questions below. Task Unit 8 Part I Section III Task 1 3. Due to the flexible design, . A. exoskeletons can control soldiers body temperature B. exoskeletons allow soldiers to do deep squats, crawls, and high-agility movements C. exoskeletons allow soldiers to run as

36、fast as they can D. exoskeletons can sense the barriers soldiers may encounter 4. As a result of a skiing accident, Amanda Boxtel injured her . A. cranial nerve B. joints of legs C. spinal cord D. heel tendon Unit 8 Part I Section III Task 1 5. According to Boxtel, an exoskeleton is better than othe

37、r technologies, because it allows her . A. to ski B. to ride a handcycle C. to climb rocks D. to walk Unit 8 Part I Section III Task 1 1. Soldier: With the HULC exoskeleton, I can carry lbs. over terrain for many hours. Its design allows for deep squats, crawls, and high-agility movements. It senses

38、 what I want to do, where I want to go, and then augments my and . 2. EB: Amanda is wearing our e-LEGS, I said. It has its completely non-invasive sensors in the crutches that send signals back to our onboard computer that is sitting here at her back. There are packs here as well that power that are

39、 sitting at her hips, as well as her knee joints, that move her in this kind of smooth and very natural gait. Task 2 Watch the video clip for the second time and then complete the following sentences. Task Unit 8 Part I Section III Task 2 varied_flexible_ strength endurance _ sensors_ 200_ _ signals

40、 _ battery _ motors_ forward_ 【Script】 Script Unit 8 Part I Section III Script I want you now to imagine a wearable robot that gives you superhuman abilities, or another one that takes wheelchair users up standing and walking again. We at Berkley Bionics call these robots exoskeletons.These are noth

41、ing else than something that you put on in the morning, and it will give you extra strength, and it will further enhance your speed, and it will help you, for instance, to manage your balance. It is actually the true integration of the man and the machine, but not only that it will integrate and net

42、work you to the universe and other devices out there. Understanding Lectures: Note-taking 4 Understanding Lectures : Note-taking 4 Unit 8 Part II In the previous units, much has been discussed about strategies for understanding a lecture and taking good notes. In fact, listening to a lecture is a ba

43、lanced mixture of listening, thinking, questioning, and note-taking. In class, one needs to be alert for: main ideas and the development of those ideas; cues as to important points, including transitions, repetition, emphasis, changes in voice, and enumeration; Word Bank biome /bam/ n. （生態(tài)）生物群系（生態(tài)）生

44、物群系 tundra /tndr/ n. 凍原，苔原（樹木不凍原，苔原（樹木不 生、底土常年冰凍的北生、底土常年冰凍的北 極地區(qū)）極地區(qū)） taiga /tag/ n. 針葉樹林地帶針葉樹林地帶 boreal /brl/ adj. 北的；北風(fēng)的；北極的北的；北風(fēng)的；北極的 marshy /mi/ adj. 多沼澤的多沼澤的 Scandinavia /skndnev/ n. 斯堪的那維亞半島斯堪的那維亞半島 gouge /ad/ n. 鑿成的槽（或孔、洞）鑿成的槽（或孔、洞） depression /dpren/ n. 洼地；凹地；坑洼地；凹地；坑 Unit 8 Part II Word Ban

45、k coniferous /knfrs/ adj. 松類的；結(jié)球果的松類的；結(jié)球果的 deciduous /dsdus/ adj. 落葉的落葉的 larch /lt/ n. 落葉松落葉松 aspen /spn/ n. （美洲）顫楊，大齒（美洲）顫楊，大齒 楊；（歐洲）山楊楊；（歐洲）山楊 temperate /temprt/ adj. 溫和的；溫帶的溫和的；溫帶的 spruce /sprus/ n. 云杉木云杉木 photosynthesize /ftsnsaz/ v.起光合作用；光能合成起光合作用；光能合成 conical /knkl/ adj. 圓錐形的；圓錐的圓錐形的；圓錐的 preda

46、tor /predt(r)/ n. 捕食性動物捕食性動物 Unit 8 Part II Word Bank marten /mtn/ n. 貂鼠貂鼠, ,貂皮貂皮 ermine /mn/ n. 貂；鼬獾貂；鼬獾 hibernate /habnet/ v. 冬眠；蟄伏冬眠；蟄伏 herbivore /hbv(r)/ n. 食草動物食草動物 moose /mus/ n. 駝鹿（產(chǎn)于北美；在歐駝鹿（產(chǎn)于北美；在歐 洲和亞洲稱為麋鹿）洲和亞洲稱為麋鹿） vole /vl/ n. 田鼠田鼠 lemming /lem/ n. 旅鼠（棲居于北方寒冷旅鼠（棲居于北方寒冷 國家）國家） Unit 8 Part

47、II Word Bank Notes Unit 8 Part II Notes 1. Scandinavia It is a cultural, historical and ethno-linguistic region in northern Europe that geographically consists of Norway and Sweden (two countries that form the Scandinavian Peninsula) and the country of Denmark which is situated on the Danish islands

48、 and Jutland. 2. Herbivore It is an organism that is anatomically and physiologically adapted to eat plant-based foods. Many herbivores have special digestive systems that let them digest all kinds of plants, including grasses. Omnivores can also eat parts of plants, but generally only the fruits an

49、d vegetables produced by fruit- bearing plants. Review: biomes 大大 zone, plnt, W cnd =plnts and by 2007, the percentage has to reach 70. The second target requires that more than 10 percent by weight of the waste be disposed of through recycling. Individual EU countries are free to determine on their

50、 own what Passage 2 4. A. Gardening. B. Taking care of birds. C. Attracting birds to ones yard. D. Feeding birds. 5. A. High plants, nesting sites, and food. B. Diverse plants, nesting sites, and food. C. Plants, nesting sites, and water. D. Fruit, water, and insects. 6. A. Tall enough for them to b

51、uild nests. B. Short so that birds can find them. C. It depends on the kind of bird. D. It does not matter, since all birds like both. Unit 8 Part III V Passage Listening 【Script】 Script Unit 8 Part III V Passage Listening One of the great joys of gardening is to share a garden with wildlife, especi

52、ally birds. Attracting birds to a garden can be easier by following a few basic guidelines. All birds depend on plants for shelter, nest and roosting sites, and food. To the extent that ones yard offers some or all of these features, it can become a haven for birds. As a general rule, the more nativ

53、e plants that are planted in the yard, the more birds will come. Some birds are so particular that one must have the special plants that they demand, while others only demand that one provide their basic needs. Most birds require some shelter for roosting, preening, and 7. A. How the U.S. patent sys

54、tem began. B. How the U.S. patent system encourages technology and creativity. C. How the U.S. patent system protects Americans. D. The reasons for the patent system. 8. A. Sue the government. B. Sue the individual. C. Close down the company. D. The individual could be charged with a crime in court.

55、 Unit 8 Part III V Passage Listening Passage 3 9. A. He could renew it. B. He could extend it to 17 years. C. He could sell the patent. D. He could do nothing, since the patent expired. 10. A. It encouraged people to invent. B. It protected peoples inventions. C. It published specifications of the p

56、roduct. D. It subsidized the inventions. Unit 8 Part III V Passage Listening 【Script】 Script Unit 8 Part III V Passage Listening The American patent system, explicitly authorized by the Constitution, was designed to encourage the creation and use of new technology. An inventor would describe an inve

57、ntion, both in writing and with drawings, and submit the description with a model to a government offi ce. This was a big improvement from the past, when patents were submitted directly to the Secretary of State. If the invention was judged to be new and useful, an offi cial would give the inventor

58、a patent. The patent meant that for 14 years, later changed to 17 years, the inventor owned the new invention. Inventors could license their ideas to manufacturers or just use them themselves. Compound Dictation Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is re

59、ad for the first time, listen carefully for the general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, fill in the blanks with the exact words you have just heard. When the passage is read for the third time, check your answers. Unit 8 Part III VI Compound Dictation For my first three years of

60、running, I always wanted to run on a flat 1) . I ran to and around a neighborhood 2) , and was back home in about a half-hour. In April of 2007, after studying a marathon training plan, my brother and I decided to train for the Dow Corps Marathon. The 3) would increase our mileage from the amount we