高三英語(yǔ)名詞性從句一輪復(fù)習(xí)

1、 在復(fù)合句中起名詞作用的從 句叫做名詞性從句。 名詞性從句 主語(yǔ)從句 表語(yǔ)從句 賓語(yǔ)從句 同位語(yǔ)從句 連接代詞連接代詞 who, whom, whose, which, what, whatever 連接副詞連接副詞 how, why, when, where however, wherever 連接詞連接詞that, whether, if, because as if /as though（不充當(dāng) 從句的任何成分） 引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞 在名詞性從句中一律用陳述句 的語(yǔ)序，即使從句表達(dá)的是疑 問(wèn)含義。 The problem is what he has done

2、to the little boy. 問(wèn)題是他對(duì)那個(gè)小男孩做了些 什么。 1. 主語(yǔ)從句 在句中作主語(yǔ)的句子叫主語(yǔ)從句。 主語(yǔ)從句通常由從屬連詞that， whether 和連接代詞what, who, which, whatever, whoever以及連 接副詞how,when,where, why等 詞引導(dǎo)。 that在從句中無(wú)詞義，只起連接 作用；連接代詞和連接副詞在 句中既保留自己的疑問(wèn)含義、 又起連接作用，在從句中充當(dāng) 成分。 What he wants to tell us is not clear. 他要跟我們說(shuō)什么，還不清楚。 Who will win the match i

3、s still unknown. Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced. That he stole a bike was true. 單個(gè)的主語(yǔ)從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂 語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。如果是兩 個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的主語(yǔ)從句作主 語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞則用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 Where and when he was born has not been found. When the person was murdered and why he was murdered are still unknown. 有時(shí)為避免句子頭重腳

4、輕，常 用it 代替主語(yǔ)從句作形式主語(yǔ) 放于句首，而把主語(yǔ)從句置于 句末。主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用 單數(shù)形式。常用句型如下： 1）It + be + 名詞 + that從句 2）It + be + 形容詞 + that從句 3）It + be + 動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞 + that從句 4）It + 不及物動(dòng)詞 + that 從句 It is known to us how he became a writer. 我們都知道他是如何成為一名 作家的。 注意:在主語(yǔ)從句中用來(lái)表示驚 奇、不相信、惋惜、理應(yīng)如此等 語(yǔ)氣時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣 “(should) +do”，常用的句型有： It is nec

5、essary Its important, Its natural strange, etc.) that 2. 賓語(yǔ)從句 名詞句用作賓語(yǔ)的從句叫賓語(yǔ) 從句。 引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞與引導(dǎo)主 語(yǔ)從句表語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞大致一 樣，在句中可以作謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞或介 詞及非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)。 1.)由連接詞that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句 由連接詞that引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)， that在句中不擔(dān)任任何成分，在 口語(yǔ)或非正式的文體中常被省 去，但如從句是并列句時(shí),第二 個(gè)分句前的that不可省。 He has told me that he will go to Shanghai tomorrow. 注意:在demand, or

6、der, suggest, advise, decide, insist, desire, request, command等表示要求、 命令、建議、決定等意義的動(dòng) 詞后，賓語(yǔ)從句常用 “should+ 動(dòng)詞原形”。 I insist that she (should) do her work alone. The commander ordered that troops (should) set off at once. 但是, 如果suggest作“表明、暗 示”講, insist作“堅(jiān)持說(shuō)、堅(jiān)持 認(rèn)為”講，則其后的賓語(yǔ)從句中 應(yīng)該用陳述語(yǔ)氣。 The smile on his face

7、 suggested that he had passed the examination. I want to know what he has told you. She always thinks of how she can work well. She will give whoever needs help a warm support. 3)用whether或if引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)句 whether和if均可引導(dǎo)動(dòng)詞后的 賓語(yǔ)從句，?？苫Q。但從句 中有or not時(shí)或介詞后的賓語(yǔ)從 句中只能用whether連接。其它 名詞性從句，如：主語(yǔ)從句、 表語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句只用 whether

8、. Everything depends on whether we have enough money. I dont care about whether you have money or not. 介詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句一般不用 which和if引導(dǎo)，要用whether和 what。that也很少引導(dǎo)介詞賓語(yǔ) 從句，只在except, but, besides等 之后才用。 4)賓語(yǔ)從句中的時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng) 賓語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)受主句 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的影響，如果主句的謂 語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)從句中的謂 語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可以用各種時(shí)態(tài)； I know that he studies English every day

9、. I know (that) he will study English next year. We all know that he has studied English since 1998. I know that he studied English last term. 如果主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用了一 般過(guò)去時(shí)，則從句中的語(yǔ)動(dòng)只 能用過(guò)去時(shí)的某種形式，如一 般過(guò)去時(shí)，過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)，過(guò)去 將來(lái)時(shí)等； We believed that he had earned enough money to build a house. The teacher told us that Tom had

10、left us for America 當(dāng)從句表示的是客觀真理，科 學(xué)原理，自然現(xiàn)象，則從句仍 用現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。 The teacher told us that the sun rises in the east. 5)當(dāng)主句是I/ We think (suppose, expect, believe, guess, imagine) 時(shí)， 其后的賓語(yǔ)從句如果是否定形式， 常把否定詞not從從句中轉(zhuǎn)移到主 句中成為否定的轉(zhuǎn)移。 We dont believe that he will win the game. I dont think he will do so. doubt用于肯定結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，后

11、面用 whether/ if 引導(dǎo)名詞性從句；用 于否定結(jié)構(gòu)或疑問(wèn)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，后 面用 that 引導(dǎo)名詞性從句。be sure 用于肯定句或疑問(wèn)句時(shí)， 后接 that 引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句； 用于否定句時(shí)，后接whether/if 引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句。 連接代詞whoever，whatever， whichever可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句， 相當(dāng)于anyone who, anything that 等。它們也可以引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ) 從句，相當(dāng)于 no matter who/ what/ which。 Whoever breaks the law should be punished. 3. 表語(yǔ)從句 在句中作表語(yǔ)的

12、句子叫表語(yǔ)從句。 引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞與引導(dǎo) 主語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞大致一樣， 表語(yǔ)從句位于連系動(dòng)詞后，有 時(shí)用as if, because 引導(dǎo)。其基本 結(jié)構(gòu)為： 主語(yǔ) + 系動(dòng)詞 + that從句 The fact is that we have lost the game. Thats just what I want. This is where our problem lies. That is why he didnt come to the meeting. It looks as if it is going to rain. This is because he missed th

13、e train by one minute. 需要注意的是，當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是reason 時(shí)，表語(yǔ)從句要用that引導(dǎo)而不 是because。 The reason why he was late was that he missed the train by one minute this morning. 4. 同位語(yǔ)從句 同位語(yǔ)從句說(shuō)明其前面的名詞 的具體內(nèi)容。 同位語(yǔ)從句一般跟在某些表示 抽象概念 的名詞后,如 news, idea, information, fact, hope, thought, belief 等，用來(lái)說(shuō)明名 詞所表示的具體內(nèi)容， 引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句的連接詞通常 有that,

14、 whether和連接副詞when, where, why, how；連接代詞 who，what，whose，which通 常不引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句。 I have no idea when she will be back. 同位語(yǔ)從句和定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別： that作為關(guān)系代詞，可以引導(dǎo)定 語(yǔ)從句，充當(dāng)句子成分，在從 句中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可以省略； that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，起連詞 的作用，沒(méi)有實(shí)際意義，不充 當(dāng)句子成分，一般不能省略。 I had no idea that you were here. Have you got the idea（that）this book gives you of li

15、fe in ancient Greece？ (that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句,不能省略） (that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，作賓語(yǔ)， 可以省略） 1. The photographs will show you _（MET1989） A.what does our village look like B.what our village looks like C.how does our village look like D.how our village looks like 2.考查引導(dǎo)詞that與what的區(qū)別 高考題例示： 1. _we cant get seems better than _we have. (NMET1996) A. What; what B. What; that C. That; that D. That; what 2. No one can be sure _ in a million years. (MET1991) what man will look like B. what will man look like C. man will look like what D. what look will man like 3.考查it在名詞性從句中作形 式主語(yǔ)或形式賓語(yǔ)的用法 高考題例示： 1. _ is a fact that Engli