【課件】CDM項目設(shè)計The CDM project desig

1、2021/7/20Slide 1 CDM工程設(shè)計 The CDM project design 中國CDM能力建設(shè)工程培訓(xùn)講義 Training Material Building Capacity for the CDM in China 2021/7/20Slide 2 CDM工程流程： The CDM Project Cycle 設(shè)計 審定/注冊 監(jiān)測 核查/認(rèn)證 簽發(fā)CERs PP： 工程參與方 DOE：指定經(jīng)營實體 EB： 執(zhí)行理事會 CER： 經(jīng)核證的減排 2021/7/20Slide 3 工程參與者：Project participants F 工程參與者或是指一參與CDM工程活

2、動的締約方，或指經(jīng)某 締約方批準(zhǔn)在該締約方負(fù)責(zé)之下參與CDM工程活動的私營和/ 或公共實體。 FIn accordance with the use of the term project participant in the CDM modalities and procedures, a project participant is either a Party involved or, in accordance with paragraph 33 of the CDM modalities and procedures, a private and/or public entity a

3、uthorized by a Party to participate, under the Partys responsibility, in CDM project activities. F 工程參與者是指就如何分配所考慮的工程活動產(chǎn)生的CERs 作 出決定的締約方或私營和/或公共實體。 FProject participants are Parties or private and/or public entities that take decisions on the allocation of CERs from the project activity under consid

4、eration. 2021/7/20Slide 4 工程設(shè)計文件：第二版, 2004年7月1日： Project Design Document：version 02, July 1, 2004 工程活動的一般性說明 基準(zhǔn)方法學(xué) 工程活動的起始與期限/減排額計入期 監(jiān)測方法學(xué)和方案 溫室氣體排放計算 環(huán)境影響 利害相關(guān)方的評價 附 件 附件1：工程活動參與方的信息 附件2：政府官方提供資金的信息 附件3：新基準(zhǔn)線方法學(xué) 附件4：新監(jiān)測方法學(xué) 附件5：表格：基準(zhǔn)線數(shù)據(jù) General description of project activity Baseline methodology Sta

5、rting date and duration of the project activity/Crediting period Monitoring methodology and plan Calculations of GHG emissions Environmental impacts Stakeholder Comments Annexes Annex 1: Information on participants in the project activity Annex 2: Information regarding public funding Annex 3: New ba

6、seline methodology Annex 4: New monitoring methodology Annex 5: Table: Baseline data 2021/7/20Slide 5 根本原那么：General principles 完整性：Completeness 精確性：Accuracy 可比性：Comparability 透明性：Transparency 2021/7/20Slide 6 完整性：Completeness F 渦輪機、加熱過程、鍋爐等 F Turbines, process heaters, boilers etc. F 燃燒 Flaring F 溢散

7、排放 Fugitive emissions F 焚化 Incinerators F 化學(xué)反響的揮發(fā) Chemical process vents F 運輸 Transport F 能源輸入/輸出 Imported/exported energy 充分考慮并報告在確定范圍內(nèi)所有溫室氣體排放的源及活動，并對任 何排除在外的情況予以說明。 Account for and report on all GHG emission sources and activities within the chosen project boundary. Disclose and justify any speci

8、fic exclusions. 2021/7/20Slide 7 精確性：Accuracy 精確性問題可分為：Accuracy can be classified into: 誤差 Errors: 計算誤差 不正確的因子、假設(shè) Calculation errors (inappropriate factors, assumptions etc) 在確定基準(zhǔn)或排放時缺乏透明性：Lack of clarity within the methods for determining GHG emissions or baselines 數(shù)據(jù)管理的弱點如人工轉(zhuǎn)記誤差：Data management we

9、aknesses e.g. manual transposition errors 不確定性 Uncertainties: 技術(shù)限制： Technological limitations 缺少數(shù)據(jù)來源：Lack of source data 所有通過計量、計算、估算的溫室氣體在紀(jì)錄、運算、匯總和報告的 過程中力求正確。 Accuracy means that (e.g.) the GHG data is recorded (through measurement, calculation, estimation), processed, reported and aggregated accu

10、rately. 2021/7/20Slide 8 透明性：Transparency F 所有的假設(shè)應(yīng)清楚地說明 All assumptions are clearly stated F 所有背景資料引用應(yīng)清楚 All background material is clearly referenced F 使用方法及選擇原理應(yīng)予解釋 The rationale for selection and use of methodologies, as well as the use of such are clearly explained F 對討論的問題應(yīng)有一個清楚地結(jié)論 There is a c

11、lear conclusion or decision from all presented discussions F 所有使用的公式應(yīng)予規(guī)定 All formulas used for calculations are stated F 所有的計算應(yīng)是具體的 All calculations are incorporated or referenced F 保密信息應(yīng)清楚識別 Confidential information is clearly identified 2021/7/20Slide 9 良好的工程設(shè)計實踐：Good Practice for project design 確

12、定職責(zé)確定職責(zé) Define Responsi- bilities 識別排放源識別排放源 Identify GHG Emission Sources 基準(zhǔn)與工程基準(zhǔn)與工程 (Baseline and project) 確定計算方法確定計算方法 Determine GHG Calculation Methods 基準(zhǔn)與工程基準(zhǔn)與工程 (Baseline and project) 計算排放量計算排放量 Calculate Emissions 匯總匯總/總排放總排放整理整理 Collation/ Aggregation of Total Emissions 保持文件體系保持文件體系 Maintain

13、 Supporting Documen- tation 匯整匯整PDD或監(jiān)測或監(jiān)測 報告報告 Finalise PDD or monitoring Reports 評審并改進(jìn)報告評審并改進(jìn)報告 Review and improve the report 2021/7/20Slide 10 PDD A項：工程活動的一般性說明 PDD SECTION A: General description of project activity A.1 工程活動名稱：Title of the project activity: A.2. 工程活動描述：Description of the project a

14、ctivity: A.3. 工程參與方： Project participants: A.4. 工程活動的技術(shù)說明：Technical description of the project activity: A.4.1.工程活動的地點：Location of the project activity: A.4.2.工程活動類別： Category(ies) of project activity: A.4.3.工程活動將采用的技術(shù)：Technology to be employed by the project activity: .簡要解釋擬議的清潔開展機制工程活動將如何減少人為溫室氣體源

15、的人 為排放量包括說明為什么當(dāng)沒有擬議的工程活動時就不會發(fā)生相應(yīng) 的減排量，要考慮到國家和/或部門政策和實情： Brief explanation of how the anthropogenic emissions of anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHGs) by sources are to be reduced by the proposed CDM project activity, including why the emission reductions would not occur in the absence of the proposed

16、project activity, taking into account national and/or sectoral policies and circumstances: A.4.5.工程活動的政府官方融資：Public funding of the project activity: 2021/7/20Slide 11 PDD B項：適用的基準(zhǔn)線方法 PDD SECTION B: Application of a baseline methodology B.1. 應(yīng)用于該工程活動的方法學(xué)名稱和參考文獻(xiàn)： Title and reference of the approved ba

17、seline methodology applied to the project activity: B.1.1.選擇該方法學(xué)的理由和為什么它可適用于該工程活動 Justification of the choice of the methodology and why it is applicable to the project activity: B.2. 說明該方法學(xué)如何應(yīng)用于該工程活動： Description of how the methodology is applied in the context of the project activity: B.3. 說明各種溫室氣

18、體源的人為排放量如何減少到低于沒有該已登記的CDM工程 活動時所出現(xiàn)的排放水平 Description of how the anthropogenic emissions of GHG by sources are reduced below those that would have occurred in the absence of the registered CDM project activity: B.4. 說明與選用的基準(zhǔn)線方法學(xué)相關(guān)的工程邊界定義如何應(yīng)用于該工程活動： Description of how the definition of the project boun

19、dary related to the baseline methodology selected is applied to the project activity: B.5. 基準(zhǔn)線確定的詳細(xì)說明， 包括基準(zhǔn)線研究完成日期與人員/機構(gòu)名稱 Details of baseline information, including the date of completion of the baseline study and the name of person (s)/entity (ies) determining the baseline: 2021/7/20Slide 12 PDD C

20、項：工程活動期限/減排額計入期 PDD SECTION C: Duration of the project activity / Crediting period C.1 工程活動期限： Duration of the project activity: C.2 排額計入期的選擇和相關(guān)信息 Choice of the crediting period and related information: C.2.1. 可更新的計入期(最長每一期七(7)年) Renewable crediting period C.2.2. 固定的計入期(最長十(10)年) Fixed crediting per

21、iod: F綠色領(lǐng)域的工程一般會選擇7年、更新2期的計入期，棕色 領(lǐng)域的工程一般會選擇10年固定計入期 FExperience: “Greenfield projects often select the option of seven years and 2 renewal Fperiods, “brown field projects often select a 10 years fixed crediting period. 2021/7/20Slide 13 PDD D項：適用的監(jiān)測方法和方案 PDD SECTION D. Application of a monitoring me

22、thodology and plan D.1. 應(yīng)用于該工程活動的經(jīng)核準(zhǔn)的方法學(xué)名稱和參考文獻(xiàn)： Name and reference of approved monitoring methodology applied to the project activity: D.2. 選擇該方法學(xué)的理由和為什么它可應(yīng)用于該工程活動 Justification of the choice of the methodology and why it is applicable to the project activity: D.2. 1.選擇1：監(jiān)測工程和基準(zhǔn)情景的排放 Option 1: Moni

23、toring of the emissions in the project scenario and the baseline scenario D. 2.2. 選擇2：直接監(jiān)測工程的減排量 Option 2: Direct monitoring of emission reductions from the project activity D.2.3. 監(jiān)測方案中泄漏的設(shè)備 Treatment of leakage in the monitoring plan D.2.4. 說明用于估算工程減排的公式 Description of formulae used to estimate em

24、ission reductions for the project activity D.3. 實施監(jiān)測數(shù)據(jù)的質(zhì)量控制和保證程序 Quality control (QC) and quality assurance (QA) procedures are being undertaken for data monitored D.4. 說明工程實施單位為監(jiān)測工程減排及泄漏運行和管理結(jié)構(gòu) Please describe the operational and management structure that the project operator will implement in orde

25、r to monitor emission reductions and any leakage effects, generated by the project activity D.5. 確定監(jiān)測方法人員/機構(gòu)的信息 Name of person/entity determining the monitoring methodology: 2021/7/20Slide 14 PDD E項：計算各種溫室氣體源的排放量 PDD SECTION E: Estimation of GHG emissions by sources E.1.說明溫室氣體源的排放量： Estimate of GHG

26、emissions by sources: E.2.預(yù)期的泄漏： Estimated leakage: 和之和表示該工程活動的排放量： The sum of E.1 and E.2 representing the project activity emissions: E.4.說明溫室氣體源的人為排放量的基準(zhǔn) Estimated anthropogenic emissions by sources of greenhouse gases of the baseline: 和之差表示該工程活動的減排量： Difference between E.4 and E.3 representing t

27、he emission reductions of the project activity E.6. 列出應(yīng)用上述公式時得到的數(shù)值的表格： Table providing values obtained when applying formulae above 2021/7/20Slide 15 工程邊界與泄漏：Project Boundaries and Leakage F 工程邊界：Project boundary F 工程邊界工程邊界應(yīng)包括在工程參與者控制范圍內(nèi)的、數(shù)量可 觀并可合理歸因于清潔開展機制工程活動的所有溫室氣體 (GHG)源人為排放量。 FThe project bound

28、ary shall encompass all anthropogenic emissions by sources of greenhouse gases (GHG) under the control of the project participants that are significant and reasonably attributable to the CDM project activity. F 泄漏定義：Leakage: F 為工程邊界之外出現(xiàn)的并且是可測量的和可歸因于清潔開展機 制工程活動的溫室氣體(GHG)源人為排放量的凈變化。 FLeakage is define

29、d as the net change of anthropogenic emissions by sources of greenhouse gases (GHG) which occurs outside the project boundary, and which is measurable and attributable to the CDM project activity. 2021/7/20Slide 16 泄漏：Leakage G 確保所有由于工程產(chǎn)生的排放都應(yīng)予以考慮。泄漏可能是負(fù)面 的也可能是正面的。對正面的泄漏可以根據(jù)保守的原那么予以 忽略，而對負(fù)面的泄漏影響那么必須

30、考慮。 GEnsure that all emissions that are affected by the project are taken into account. Leakage might be positive or negative. When/if identified, positive leakage may not be accounted for in order to be conservative in ER estimation. Negative leakage effects should always be accounted for unless explicitly stated otherwise in the methodology. G 例如：Examples: G 生物質(zhì)的運輸：Transport of biomass G 生物質(zhì)的缺乏導(dǎo)致石化燃料消費：Scarcity of biomass forces increase in fossil fuel consumption G 與施工有關(guān)的排放：Construction related emissions 2021/7/20Slide 17 溫室氣體排放源：