GMAT邏輯assumption題型真題解析-智課教育.doc

1、智課網(wǎng)GMAT備考資料GMAT 邏輯 assumption題型真題解析 -智課教育GMAT 邏輯從邏輯關(guān)系的角度思考 ,可以總結(jié)出一定的解題技巧 ,這些解題技巧是按照對(duì)應(yīng)的邏輯推理模式得來(lái)的 ,經(jīng)過(guò)做題 ,大家會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)其中的奧妙。一、 GMAT 邏輯 assumption題型分析1、assumption題的定義。assumption題目 ,在 GMAT 邏輯中又稱(chēng)假設(shè)題。它屬于 assumpti on題的一種特殊形式。通常需要尋找一個(gè)充分條件 ,使得文章結(jié)論成立。與 assumption題型不同的是 支持題是提高可能性 ,而假設(shè)題目是使之成立。2、assumption題型題的標(biāo)志 :1 標(biāo)志詞

2、:assumption、an addition premise、depend on 這些標(biāo)志詞是經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)在一道題目的問(wèn)題中 ,當(dāng)我們看到問(wèn)題中有這些標(biāo)志詞時(shí),基本上可以判定這道題目為假設(shè)題。2 典型問(wèn)法。以下是假設(shè)題的問(wèn)題的常用表達(dá)方法,這些句子中通常包含上面提到的標(biāo)志詞。The conclusion in the argument above is based on which of the following assumptions?Which of the following is an additional premise required by the argument above?

3、Which of the following is required for the conclusion above?(詳情請(qǐng)看 GMAT 邏輯 assumption題綜述二、 GMAT 邏輯 assumption題如何解題1、assumption題的解題思路。假設(shè)題的解題思路是尋找與文中邏輯鏈最相關(guān)的條件,且能夠使結(jié)論成立的選項(xiàng)。正確答案通常是使前提到結(jié)論成立的必要條件。2、assumption題的解題步驟。1、找出原文中的前提和結(jié)論,用簡(jiǎn)要的邏輯要素提煉出前提和結(jié)論涉及的主要邏輯對(duì)象。2、鎖定結(jié)論 ,幾乎所有正確答案都對(duì)結(jié)論有影響,分析前提和結(jié)論之間的本質(zhì)聯(lián)系。3、原文中有推理漏洞 ,需

4、要仔細(xì)尋找加以支持。原文中的邏輯漏洞是指前提到結(jié)論的推理過(guò)程并不嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)。4、預(yù)先判斷正確選項(xiàng)特征范圍。尋找的選項(xiàng)一定是能夠支持前提,并幫助前提推出結(jié)論 ,彌補(bǔ)邏輯漏洞。3、assumption題的答案特征。錯(cuò)誤答案特征 :1 相反答案。假設(shè)題是支持題的一種,從成立的條件上是前提推出結(jié)論的必要條件 ,錯(cuò)誤答案往往使這種前提推結(jié)論的可能性變小。2 偽裝答案 答案加強(qiáng)了一個(gè)與原文結(jié)論相似的結(jié)論。假設(shè)題是原文成立的必要條件 ,是隱含的前提 ,不會(huì)在文章中給出 ,錯(cuò)誤答案往往用一個(gè)與結(jié)論相似的表述來(lái)迷惑考生。3 無(wú)關(guān)答案。無(wú)關(guān)選項(xiàng)比較容易甄別,凡事與原文無(wú)關(guān)的表述都不列入考慮范圍。正確選項(xiàng)特征 :1.含有

5、 ” at least one或”at leastsome”是正確的可能性很高用取非” none檢”驗(yàn)。2.避免選擇帶有 ” the primary purpose” ,“ the toppriority 或” the mainfactor 等”宣稱(chēng)是作者最重要觀點(diǎn)的詞的選項(xiàng)。3.注意選項(xiàng)中出現(xiàn) ” not不”一定是錯(cuò)誤答案 ,反而 defender中經(jīng)常用到 not, no,never等否定詞。注:因果類(lèi)假設(shè)與加強(qiáng)做法類(lèi)似 ,即:排除他因 ;有因必有果 ;無(wú)因必?zé)o果 ;因果不顛倒 ;使用的證據(jù)或數(shù)據(jù)真實(shí)有效或排除其無(wú)效的可能性。(詳情請(qǐng)看 GMAT 邏輯 assumption題解題方法三、

6、GMAT 邏輯 assumption題例題分析為了幫助大家更好地了解假設(shè)題型的解題方法如何運(yùn)用 ,智課教育小編為大家整理了下面兩道例題。例題 :OG13-P506-21In recent years, many cabinetmakers have been winning acclaim as artists. But since furniture must be useful, cabinetmakers must exercise their craft with an eye to the practical utility of their product. For this re

7、ason, cabinetmaking is not art.Which of the following is an assumption that supports drawing the conclusion above from the reason given for that conclusion?(A Some furniture is made to be placed in museums, where it will not be used by anyone.(B Some cabinetmakers are more concerned than others with

8、 the practical utility of the products they produce.(C Cabinetmakers should be more concerned with the practical utility of their products than they currently are.(D An object is not an art object if its maker pays attention to the objects practical utility.(E Artists are not concerned with the mone

9、tary value of their products.解析 :題干 :近些年來(lái) ,很多木工贏得了藝術(shù)家的聲譽(yù)。但是因?yàn)榧揖呤且惺褂脙r(jià)值的 ,所以木工主要關(guān)注的是他們產(chǎn)品的實(shí)用性。因此,木工不能被認(rèn)為是藝術(shù)家。題目 :找出題干結(jié)論所依賴(lài)的假設(shè)條件。選項(xiàng) A 說(shuō)很多家具被陳列在博物館而不是拿來(lái)被人使用。實(shí)際上是否定了家具的實(shí)用價(jià)值 ,是反向邏輯 ,排除。選項(xiàng) D,假如作者主要關(guān)注產(chǎn)品的使用價(jià)值則該產(chǎn)品對(duì)象不能稱(chēng)之為藝術(shù)品。完全支持了題干邏輯 ,正確 !選項(xiàng) E 說(shuō)藝術(shù)家不在乎他們作品的經(jīng)濟(jì)價(jià)值 ,我們這里討論的點(diǎn)集中在使用價(jià)值這個(gè)屬性上 ,而經(jīng)濟(jì)價(jià)值則是完全無(wú)關(guān)的屬性 ,排除。例題 :OG1

10、3-P512-41Installing scrubbers in smokestacks and switching tocleaner-burning fuel are the two methods available to Northern Power for reducing harmful emissions from its plants. Scrubberswill reduce harmful emissions more than cleaner-burning fuels will. Therefore, by installing scrubbers, Northern

11、Power will be doing the most that can be done to reduce harmful emissions from its plants.Which of the following is an assumption on. which the argument depends?(A Switching to cleaner-burning fuel will not be more expensive than installing scrubbers.(B Northern Power can choose from among various k

12、inds of scrubbers, some of which are more effective than others.(C Northern Power is not necessarily committed to reducing harmful emissions from its plants.(D Harmful emissions from Northern Powers plants cannot be reduced more by using both methods together than by the installation of scrubbers alone.(E Aside from harmful emissions from the smokestacks of its plants, the activities ofNorthern Power do not cause significant air pollution.解析 :題干 :在煙囪上安裝清潔器和轉(zhuǎn)向使用清潔能源是NP 公司減排的兩種方案 ,清潔器比清潔能源效果更好 ,所以只要安裝了清潔器 ,NP 就在最大程度上實(shí)現(xiàn)了減排。下面哪一個(gè)選項(xiàng)是題目結(jié)論所依賴(lài)的假設(shè)條件。選項(xiàng) A, 談成本 ,無(wú)關(guān)屬性 ,排除 !選項(xiàng) C,談減排的必要性 ,無(wú)關(guān)屬性 ,排除 !選項(xiàng)