主謂一致PPT完整版

1、 語法一致的原則是指主語為語法一致的原則是指主語為 單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)時，其謂語動詞單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)時，其謂語動詞 要與其相呼應(yīng)。但我們要注要與其相呼應(yīng)。但我們要注 意一些特殊情況；意一些特殊情況； 1 1）以以along with, together with, with, along with, together with, with, as well as, rather than, but, except , as well as, rather than, but, except , like, including like, including 連接的兩個主語，其謂語的單復(fù)數(shù)以第一個主語為主。連

2、接的兩個主語，其謂語的單復(fù)數(shù)以第一個主語為主。 is Air, as well as water, _ matter. is 2) 用用and 連接的并列主語如果指的是同一人、連接的并列主語如果指的是同一人、 同一物或同一概念，謂語動詞用單數(shù)，這時同一物或同一概念，謂語動詞用單數(shù)，這時 and 后面的名詞前沒有冠詞后面的名詞前沒有冠詞。 A hammer and a saw _ useful tools.are The poet and writer_ coming. is 3)成對的名詞，如成對的名詞，如bread and butter涂黃油的涂黃油的 面包，面包，soda and wate

3、r汽水，汽水，coffee and milk 加牛奶的咖啡，加牛奶的咖啡，aim and end目的，目的，salt and water 鹽開水等，雖然有鹽開水等，雖然有and連接，但仍表單一概念，作主連接，但仍表單一概念，作主 語時，謂語用單數(shù)。語時，謂語用單數(shù)。 is is 4)如果主語是由如果主語是由and連接的兩個單數(shù)名詞，但連接的兩個單數(shù)名詞，但 前面有前面有each, every, many a, no等詞修飾時，謂語用等詞修飾時，謂語用 單數(shù)。單數(shù)。 Every boy and every girl in this village taught to read and write

4、. is 5)表示表示度量、價格、時間度量、價格、時間的復(fù)數(shù)名詞詞組作主的復(fù)數(shù)名詞詞組作主 語時一被看作一個整體，謂語用單數(shù)形式。語時一被看作一個整體，謂語用單數(shù)形式。 Ten miles _ a good distance. is 6) Ving, To do 或從句或從句作主語，作主語， 其謂語用其謂語用單數(shù)單數(shù)形式。形式。 Serving the people _ my greatest happiness. To master a foreign language _ very important. When well go out for an outing _ been decid

5、ed is is hasnt What we want _ another 20 people. are 7)主語是主語是“each of ”，時，其謂語用單數(shù)。時，其謂語用單數(shù)。 復(fù)數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)名詞+ each作主語作主語, 謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù). They each _ an English dictionary. Each of us _ something to say. have has 8)主語是主語是none, neither, no等既可表示復(fù)數(shù)意等既可表示復(fù)數(shù)意 義又可表示單數(shù)意義，其謂語視情況而定。但在代表義又可表示單數(shù)意義，其謂語視情況而定。但在代表 不可數(shù)概念時不

6、可數(shù)概念時,謂語動詞用單數(shù)謂語動詞用單數(shù). None of us_ perfect. None of us _ good swimmers. None of us _ a good swimmer. None of this _ me. (worry) are/is are is worries 9)不定代詞不定代詞all, more, most, any, 等以及名詞等以及名詞 half, part, the rest等既可表示復(fù)數(shù)意義又可表示等既可表示復(fù)數(shù)意義又可表示 單數(shù)意義，其謂語視情況而定。單數(shù)意義，其謂語視情況而定。 Most of the apples _ rotten. Mos

7、t of the apple _ eaten. werewas 1o)“a number of + 名詞復(fù)數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)”作主語，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)；作主語，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)； “ the number of + 名詞復(fù)數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)”作主語，謂語用單數(shù)。作主語，謂語用單數(shù)。 The number of deer, lions and wild roses _ not change much if people leave things as they are. does like 12)“的幾分之幾的幾分之幾”和和“的百分之幾的百分之幾” 作主語時，其謂語用單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)取決于作主語時，其謂語用單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)取決于 of

8、 后的名詞。后的名詞。 is are 13)主語是表示數(shù)量的主語是表示數(shù)量的“one and a half +復(fù)數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)名詞”，其謂語用單數(shù)形式，其謂語用單數(shù)形式 主語是主語是“one or two + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)名詞”， 其謂語用復(fù)數(shù)形式。其謂語用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 is are 14) 由由 many a 或或 more than one + 單數(shù)單數(shù)名詞作名詞作 主語時，其謂語用單數(shù)形式。主語時，其謂語用單數(shù)形式。 has has am plays 15) 在定語從句中主語是關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中主語是關(guān)系代詞who, that, which, 謂語動詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與先行詞的數(shù)一致。謂語動詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與

9、先行詞的數(shù)一致。 16) “one of + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)名詞 + 定語從句定語從句”之前有之前有the only, the very, the等限定詞和修飾語時，定語從句的謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。等限定詞和修飾語時，定語從句的謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。 17)主語是主語是a / this / that kind of +名詞名詞，謂語與，謂語與 kind保持一致保持一致. 名詞名詞+ a / this / that kind , 謂語與名詞保持謂語與名詞保持 一致。一致。 feels are are is 18) 算式中表示數(shù)目的主語通常看作單數(shù)，算式中表示數(shù)目的主語通常看作單數(shù)， 其謂語常用單數(shù)形式

10、，也可用復(fù)數(shù)。其謂語常用單數(shù)形式，也可用復(fù)數(shù)。 Multiple choice: 1. On the wall_ two large portraits. A. hangs B. hang C. hanged D. hanging 2. “News of victories _ pouring in as our army advances,” the company commander said. A. keep B. keeps C. kept D. have kept 3. There _ a lot of milk in the bottle. A. are B. is C. were

11、 D. has 4. Zhangs family _ rather big, with twelve people in all. A. is B. are C. being D. was 5. Nobody but Jane and Mary _ the secret. A. know B. knows C. have known D. is known Multiple choice: 6. All but one _ here just now. A. is B. was C. has been D. were 7. A library with five thousand books

12、_ to the nation as a gift. A. is offered B. has offered C. are offered D. have offered 8. Not only I but also Jane and Mary _ tired of having one exam after another. A. is B. are C. am D. be 9. The number of people invited _ fifty, but a number of them _ absent for different reasons. A. were; was B.

13、 was; was C. was; were D. were; were 10. When and where to build the new factory _ yet. A. is not decided B. are not decided C. has not decided D. have not decided 指謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于指謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于 主語所表達(dá)的概念，主語所表達(dá)的概念， 而不取決于表面的語法標(biāo)志而不取決于表面的語法標(biāo)志. 類似這樣的集體名詞有：類似這樣的集體名詞有： family, class, audience, committee （委員會）（委員

14、會）, crowd, crew, group, party, population, team, public, council （理事會）（理事會）, village等。等。 are is 1)某些集體名詞后可跟動詞單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)。如果這些集某些集體名詞后可跟動詞單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)。如果這些集 體名詞指整體概念時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)；指具體名詞指整體概念時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)；指具 體成員時用復(fù)數(shù)。體成員時用復(fù)數(shù)。 2)主語是一些只有復(fù)數(shù)形式的名詞，如主語是一些只有復(fù)數(shù)形式的名詞，如clothes, trousers, glasses, compasses, scissors, shoes, socks, gl

15、oves等時，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。等時，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。 但這類表示成雙的東西的名詞前有但這類表示成雙的東西的名詞前有a pair of修飾時，謂語用單數(shù)。修飾時，謂語用單數(shù)。 My trousers _ new; are is 注：注：學(xué)科名詞前如有物主代詞修飾時，謂語常用復(fù)數(shù)。學(xué)科名詞前如有物主代詞修飾時，謂語常用復(fù)數(shù)。 is seems is are 3)主語是以主語是以-ics 結(jié)尾的學(xué)科名詞結(jié)尾的學(xué)科名詞mathematics, politics, physics以及以及news, works (工廠工廠)和用作書名和用作書名The Arabian Nights、報紙名報紙名The new Yo

16、rk Times 國名國名The United States等都屬復(fù)數(shù)等都屬復(fù)數(shù)形式形式，而意義單數(shù)的名詞，而意義單數(shù)的名詞， 其謂語用單數(shù)形式。另外其謂語用單數(shù)形式。另外means一詞單復(fù)數(shù)同形應(yīng)視一詞單復(fù)數(shù)同形應(yīng)視 具體情況而定。具體情況而定。 3) the +形容詞或分詞作主語時，如指一類人。其謂語用形容詞或分詞作主語時，如指一類人。其謂語用 復(fù)數(shù)，如指抽象概念，其謂語用單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)，如指抽象概念，其謂語用單數(shù). are is 3.就近一致就近一致 謂語與靠近的那個主語謂語與靠近的那個主語 保持一致保持一致. 1) 由由here, there, where 引導(dǎo)的倒裝句中引導(dǎo)的倒裝句中. 1

17、)Here_ the bus. 2)There _ a pen and two books on the table. 3)Where _ your wife and children ? comes is is 2) 由由or, eitheror, neithernor, not onlybut also等連接的并列主語等連接的并列主語. 1)Neither the students nor the teacher _ anything about it. 2)He or you _ taken my pen. knows have A library with five thousand books_ to the nation as a gift. A. is offered B. has offered C. are offered D. have offered 2. On the wall_ two large portraits. A. hangs B. hang C. hanged D. hanging 3.Not only I but also Jane and Mary _ tired of having one examination after an