電大園藝植物生理學(xué)考試總結(jié)小抄

1、專業(yè)好文檔一、名詞解釋：1、滲透作用、根壓、自由水、蒸騰比率、礦質(zhì)營養(yǎng)、離子通道、載體、葉片營養(yǎng)、硝酸還原酶（nr）、亞硝酸還原酶（nir）、光合單位、原初反應(yīng)、希爾反應(yīng)、光合磷酸化、光合速率、co2補(bǔ)償點(diǎn)、光補(bǔ)償點(diǎn)、呼吸作用、氧化磷酸化、呼吸速率、呼吸商、末端氧化酶、壓力流學(xué)說、源、庫、植物激素、生長素極性運(yùn)輸、三重反應(yīng)、細(xì)胞周期、細(xì)胞全能性、組織培養(yǎng)、極性、生長大周期、頂端優(yōu)勢、光形態(tài)建成、春化作用、光周期誘導(dǎo)、臨界日長、植物抗性生理、滲透調(diào)節(jié)、交叉適應(yīng)。1、礦質(zhì)營養(yǎng)：植物對礦物質(zhì)的吸收、運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)、和同化。2、硝酸還原酶（nr）：一種誘導(dǎo)酶，催化細(xì)胞質(zhì)中的硝酸鹽還原成亞硝酸鹽的過程，主要存在于

2、高等植物的根和葉子中。3、亞硝酸還原酶（nir）：在葉綠體中催化亞硝酸鹽還原成銨的酶。4、光合單位：能夠獨(dú)立進(jìn)行光能的吸收、傳遞和能量轉(zhuǎn)換、以及水的光解放氧的光反應(yīng)的基本單位。5、光合磷酸化：在光下葉綠體中發(fā)生的由adp與pi合成atp的反應(yīng)。6、光補(bǔ)償點(diǎn)：隨著光強(qiáng)度的增加，光合速率提高，當(dāng)達(dá)到某一光強(qiáng)度時，葉片的光合速率與呼吸速率相等，凈光合速率為零，這時的光強(qiáng)為光補(bǔ)償點(diǎn)。7、co2補(bǔ)償點(diǎn)：光合速率隨co2濃度增高而增高，當(dāng)光合速率與呼吸速率相等時環(huán)境中的co2濃度。8、壓力流動學(xué)說：同化產(chǎn)物在篩管內(nèi)的流動是由于篩管的兩端（即源和庫）之間所存在的壓力勢差推動的。9、源：制造并輸出光合產(chǎn)物的器

3、官或組織。10、庫：利用并貯存光合產(chǎn)物的器官或組織。11、細(xì)胞周期：新生的持續(xù)分裂的細(xì)胞從第一次分裂形成的細(xì)胞至下一次再分裂成為兩個子細(xì)胞為止所經(jīng)歷的過程。12、交叉反應(yīng)：植物在適應(yīng)一種脅迫環(huán)境后，增強(qiáng)了對另一種脅迫環(huán)境的抵抗能力，這種與不良環(huán)境反應(yīng)之間的相互適應(yīng)作用，稱為植物中的交叉適應(yīng)。p31 思考題 第1題 答案：p15a卷 填空：一、填空：1、線粒體內(nèi)末端氧化酶有（ ）2、植物向光性運(yùn)動最有效的感光（ ）受體（ ）二、問答：1、什么是水勢？植物細(xì)胞水勢在純水中壓力勢？2、有機(jī)物運(yùn)輸？3、光合作用？碳同化之前（p7992）選擇：1、培養(yǎng)基中糖濃度較高時有利于形成（韌皮部）2、植物生長最健

4、壯的溫度（低于最適溫度）重點(diǎn)：第二章：第一節(jié)：第二節(jié)：第三節(jié)前半部分：第三章：第四節(jié)第五章：第四節(jié)：壓力流學(xué)說第十一章：第三節(jié) 植物休眠的生理b卷 填空：一、填空：1、植物細(xì)胞放入純水中，吸水達(dá)到平衡時測得s= 0.26，該細(xì)胞壓力勢為0.26，水勢= 0 mpa。2、光呼吸底物：乙醇酸，釋放co2的是在線粒體。二、選擇：1、水分的需水臨界期（對需水最敏感的時期）2、植物體內(nèi)有機(jī)物運(yùn)輸?shù)男问剑赫崽?。三、判斷?、保衛(wèi)細(xì)胞k+積累氣孔關(guān)閉。（）2、抗氧呼吸中，釋放較多的熱量是由于呼吸作用合成的atp。（）winger tuivasa-sheck, who scored two tries in

5、the kiwis 20-18 semi-final win over england, has been passed fit after a lower-leg injury, while slater has been named at full-back but is still recovering from a knee injury aggravated against usa.both sides boast 100% records heading into the encounter but australia have not conceded a try since j

6、osh charnleys effort in their first pool match against england on the opening day.aussie winger jarryd hayne is the competitions top try scorer with nine, closely followed by tuivasa-sheck with eight.but it is recently named rugby league international federation player of the year sonny bill william

7、s who has attracted the most interest in the tournament so far.the kiwi - with a tournament high 17 offloads - has the chance of becoming the first player to win the world cup in both rugby league and rugby union after triumphing with the all blacks in 2011.id give every award back in a heartbeat ju

8、st to get across the line this weekend, said williams.the (lack of) air up there watch mcayman islands-based webb, the head of fifas anti-racism taskforce, is in london for the football associations 150th anniversary celebrations and will attend citys premier league match at chelsea on sunday.i am g

9、oing to be at the match tomorrow and i have asked to meet yaya toure, he told bbc sport.for me its about how he felt and i would like to speak to him first to find out what his experience was.uefa hasopened disciplinary proceedings against cskafor the racist behaviour of their fans duringcitys 2-1 w

10、in.michel platini, president of european footballs governing body, has also ordered an immediate investigation into the referees actions.cska said they were surprised and disappointed by toures complaint. in a statement the russian side added: we found no racist insults from fans of cska. baumgartne

11、r the disappointing news: mission aborted.the supersonic descent could happen as early as sunda.the weather plays an important role in this mission. starting at the ground, conditions have to be very calm - winds less than 2 mph, with no precipitation or humidity and limited cloud cover. the balloon

12、, with capsule attached, will move through the lower level of the atmosphere (the troposphere) where our day-to-day weather lives. it will climb higher than the tip of mount everest (5.5 miles/8.85 kilometers), drifting even higher than the cruising altitude of commercial airliners (5.6 miles/9.17 k

13、ilometers) and into the stratosphere. as he crosses the boundary layer (called the tropopause),e can expect a lot of turbulence.the balloon will slowly drift to the edge of space at 120,000 feet ( then, i would assume, he will slowly step out onto something resembling an olympic diving platform.they

14、 blew it in 2008 when they got caught cold in the final and they will not make the same mistake against the kiwis in manchester.five years ago they cruised through to the final and so far history has repeated itself here - the last try they conceded was scored by englands josh charnley in the openin

15、g game of the tournament.that could be classed as a weakness, a team under-cooked - but i have been impressed by the kangaroos focus in their games since then.they have been concentrating on the sort of stuff that wins you tough, even contests - strong defence, especially on their own goal-line, com

16、pleting sets and a good kick-chase. theyve been great at all the unglamorous stuff that often goes unnoticed in the stands but not by your team-mates.it is as though their entire tournament has been preparation for the final.in johnathan thurston, cooper cronk, cameron smith and either billy slater or greg inglis at full-back they have a spine that is unmatched in rugby league. they have played in so many high-pressure games - a priceless asset going into saturday.the k