專題13 介詞（解析版）

1、巔峰沖刺江蘇省2020年高考英語一輪考點(diǎn)掃描專題13 介詞1、 【知識精講】考點(diǎn)一：時間介詞1. at接時間點(diǎn)；in接一段時間；on接具體的時間；by不遲于,在前。at 10：00, at noon, at midnight, at sunrise；on September 2nd, on the morning of May 1st；Ill be back in three hours. 2. in和after后都可以接時間段,表示“在之后”,但in常與將來時連用,after常與過去時連用。We will meet again in two weeks.They finished the t

2、ask after two days.3. for, since, from的區(qū)別（1） “for時間段”表示“某動作或狀態(tài)持續(xù)了多久”,可與現(xiàn)在完成時、過去時或?qū)頃r連用。For many years, people have dreamed of electric ears. （2）“since時間點(diǎn)”意為“自從(過去某時)以來”,強(qiáng)調(diào)從過去某時延續(xù)至今的一段時間,常與現(xiàn)在完成時或現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時連用。（3）“from(過去)時間點(diǎn)”常與一般過去時連用；“from(現(xiàn)在/將來)時間點(diǎn)”常與一般將來時連用。She began to learn to sing from the age of f

3、ive.注意：當(dāng)名詞前有this, that, last, next, every, each, some等詞修飾時,通常不用任何介詞。如this morning；last year?？键c(diǎn)二：方位介詞1. on, over, above, below, under, beneath的區(qū)別（1）on表示“在上”,強(qiáng)調(diào)兩物相接觸,僅表示“處于之上”,是靜態(tài)。（2）over也表示“在上”,但強(qiáng)調(diào)覆蓋這一物體,表示“越過”某一高度,是動態(tài)。（3）above表示位置高于某人或某物,但不一定是正上方,反義詞是below。指數(shù)量時,一般用 over(more than)表示“超過”,但如果指上下垂直的度量以

4、及海拔高度時,要用 above。（4）below與under 都可表示“低于”。under 主要表示垂直在下的正下方,而 below 則不一定表示正下方。（5）beneath在之下；在的(正)下方；低于They dragged heavy stones with ropes over their shoulders. Can you see the birds flying above/over the pear trees? The climbers stopped 300 meters below the top of the mountain.2. between與among的區(qū)別 （1

5、）between主要用來指兩者之間的關(guān)系,也可指兩者以上的人或物之間的關(guān)系,但是主要強(qiáng)調(diào)每個個體之間的相互關(guān)系。Switzerland lies between France, Germany, Italy and Austria.（2）among用來指沒有明確數(shù)目的人與人或物與物之間的整體關(guān)系。We found a little house hidden among the trees.考點(diǎn)三：工具、手段、方式介詞1. by抽象名詞/動名詞,表示“乘坐交通工具,通過的方式”；by后接的名詞需用單數(shù),其前不加冠詞或修飾詞。by sea/water/rail/road/land/air通過海路/

6、水路/鐵路/公路/陸路/乘坐飛機(jī)by bike/taxi/plane/ship/boat/train騎自行車/乘坐出租車/乘飛機(jī)/乘船/乘火車The man made a living by selling newspaper.Reservation can be made by telephone.2. in表示使用語言、原料、材料等,如：in ink用墨水,in English 用英語,in pencil用鉛筆。3. with表示使用有形的器皿、工具,后接具體的名詞,如：with a pen用鋼筆；with a knife用刀。4. through表示“通過途徑/方式/方法等”。Throu

7、gh this activity, we have benefited a lot.歸納拓展：1. 表達(dá)“用方式”的介詞短語有：in this/that/the same way, by means of, by this/that means, with this/that method。2. 當(dāng)旅行方式涉及確定特指的交通工具時,用in/on,名詞前用冠詞、物主代詞、指示代詞等修飾。如：in this plane乘坐這架飛機(jī),in a car坐小車,on my bike騎我的自行車,on the horse騎這匹馬。3. 表示步行、騎馬、騎駱駝均用on,如：on foot步行；on hors

8、eback騎馬；on the camel騎駱駝?？键c(diǎn)四：介詞短語1. 表示原因because of, owing to, due to, on account of, thanks to, as a result of等。2. 表示“除之外”with the exception of, except for, apart from, in addition to等。3. 表示“有關(guān),關(guān)于”concerning, with respect to, as for, as to等。4. 表示“在之前”ahead of, in advance of, in front of等。5. 表示“支持,贊成”

9、in support of, in favor of等。6. 表示“關(guān)于,按照,依據(jù)”in terms of, according to, in view of等。7. 表示“盡管,不管”in spite of, regardless of等。8. 常見介詞搭配（1）in名詞in advance提前,事先,預(yù)先；in case如果,萬一；in charge主管,負(fù)責(zé)；in common共有,配合；in demand有需要；in doubt不確定,不肯定；in effect實(shí)際上；in fact事實(shí)上（2）on名詞on guard在值勤；on leave在休假；on holiday在度假；on

10、strike罷工；on sale出售；on loan暫借（3）onthe名詞on the move在移動,搬遷；on the flow在漲潮；on the increase正在增加；on the go正在活動,正在奔走（4）beyond名詞beyond ones power超出某人的權(quán)力范圍；beyond ones reach夠不著；beyond description難以形容； beyond words無法用語言形容；beyond doubt無疑,肯定；beyond recognition認(rèn)不出來（5）under名詞under observation在觀察中；under discussion

11、在討論中； under construction在建設(shè)中；under consideration在考慮中；under repair在修理中（6）at名詞at length詳盡地；at sea茫然；at will隨意；at work在上班；at war處于戰(zhàn)爭狀態(tài)；at ease放松；at table在吃飯；at risk處于危險中（7）out of名詞out of breath上氣不接下氣地；out of balance失去平衡；out of date過時；out of curiosity出于好奇（8）in名詞ofin favor of同意,贊成；in honour of為了紀(jì)念；in mem

12、ory of作為對的紀(jì)念；in face of面對；in need of需要；in charge of負(fù)責(zé)；in view of鑒于；in spite of盡管；in case of如果,萬一（9）withinones名詞within ones power力所能及；within ones reach某人夠得著（10）of名詞of value有價值的；of help 有幫助的；of interest 有趣的；of benefit 有益的；of use有用的（11）toones名詞to ones delight/joy令人高興的是；to ones surprise/astonishment/ama

13、zement令人吃驚的是；to ones regret令人遺憾的是2、 【典例精練】1. Favorable policies are _effect to encourage employees professional development.【參考答案】in【解析】考查介詞短語。句意：好的制度政策實(shí)際上都會激發(fā)員工的專業(yè)水平的提升。in effect實(shí)際上。2. Modem methods_tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive to pe

14、rform consistently over a large area.【參考答案】of/for【解析】考查介詞用法。此處tracking polar bear populations作Modern methods的定語,用of 連接,“methods of doing sth.”,意為“的方法”,組成固定結(jié)構(gòu)?；蛘咭鉃椤皩τ诟櫛睒O熊的方法”用for。3. We were first greeted with the barking by a pack_dogs, seven to be exact.【參考答案】of【解析】考查介詞。“a pack of”意為“一群”。4. But can

15、 uniforms help improve school standards? The answer_ this question is not clear. 【參考答案】to【解析】考查介詞。句意：這個問題的參考答案不清楚。the key/answer to .這是固定搭配,“的參考答案是”。5. Good morning, Mr. Lees office.Good morning. Id like to make an appointment _next Wednesday afternoon.【參考答案】for【解析】考查介詞。句意：早上好,Lee先生辦公室。早上好。我想預(yù)約下周三下午

16、（和Mr. Lee見面）。make an appointment for意為“為預(yù)約”,是固定搭配。6. Chinas softpowergrows_line with theincreasingappreciationandunderstanding of China globally.【參考答案】in【解析】考查介詞短語。句意：中國的軟實(shí)力增長與日俱增全球?qū)χ袊馁p識和理解相一致。in line with按照；與.一致。7. Bob thought he couldnt go to the party because he had to write a report, but he wen

17、t _all.【參考答案】after【解析】考查介詞短語辨析及語境理解。句意：鮑勃認(rèn)為他不能去參加聚會,因?yàn)樗坏貌粚懸环輬蟾?但他終究去了。after all畢竟,終究。8. Determining where we are in relation_our surroundings remains an essential skill for our survival.【參考答案】in【解析】考查介詞短語。句意：根據(jù)周圍的環(huán)境辨別方位仍然是我們生存的一項(xiàng)極其重要的技能。in relation to與有關(guān)。9. Many people who live along the coast make

18、 a living _fishing industry.【參考答案】in【解析】許多住在海邊上的人都是靠漁業(yè)來謀生的。此處用介詞in,不用by,因?yàn)閎y后面通常接做什么事情來謀生,此處是指在捕魚這個行業(yè)里,在這個行業(yè)里謀生,用in。10. When you drive through the Redwood Forests in California, you will be _ trees that are over 1,000 years old.【參考答案】among【解析】 句意：當(dāng)你開車穿過加州的紅木森林時,你將會位于超過百年歷史的樹木之間。 be among 位于之間。11. Bu

19、t my connection with pandas goes back_my days on a TV show in the mid1980s,when I was the first.【參考答案】to【解析】句意：但是我與熊貓之間的聯(lián)系要追溯到20世紀(jì)80年代中期我在一檔電視節(jié)目的時候,那是我第一次。go back to“追溯到”。12. Most of us are more focused _our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day.【參考答案】on【解析】句意：我們大多數(shù)人在早晨時對任務(wù)的注意力要比晚些時候的注意力更集中。be focused on意為“集中于”。13. Chopsticks are