基于單片機(jī)速度里程表外文翻譯.doc

1、中文翻譯： 里程表與單片機(jī) 傳統(tǒng)的轉(zhuǎn)速表的功能有兩個(gè)，一是用指針指示汽車行駛的瞬時(shí)車速，二是用機(jī)械計(jì)數(shù)器記錄汽車行駛的累計(jì)里程?，F(xiàn)代汽車正向高速化方向發(fā)展，隨著車速的提高，用軟軸驅(qū)動(dòng)的傳統(tǒng)車速里程表受到很大的挑戰(zhàn)，這是因?yàn)檐涊S在高速旋轉(zhuǎn)時(shí)，由于受鋼絲承受能力極限的限制而容易斷裂，同時(shí)，軟軸布置過(guò)長(zhǎng)會(huì)出現(xiàn)形變過(guò)大或運(yùn)動(dòng)遲緩等現(xiàn)象，而且，對(duì)于不同的車型，轉(zhuǎn)速里程表的安裝位置也會(huì)受到軟軸長(zhǎng)度及彎曲度的限制。凡此種種，使得基于非接觸式轉(zhuǎn)速傳感器的電子式轉(zhuǎn)速里程表得以迅速發(fā)展。 現(xiàn)在的汽車儀表自動(dòng)化程度很高，老式的機(jī)械軟軸傳動(dòng)的儀表已經(jīng)淘汰取代的是現(xiàn)在的液晶儀表盤，不可能再通過(guò)撥數(shù)碼輪調(diào)整里程表。司機(jī)又

2、需要增加里程數(shù)時(shí)，用這種跑表器就可以很輕松地實(shí)現(xiàn)。這種跑表器使用中規(guī)模集成電路設(shè)計(jì)而成，體積小巧，運(yùn)行穩(wěn)定，適用于各種電子傳感器的汽車上使用。 這種小巧的儀器有著比其它同類產(chǎn)品明顯的優(yōu)點(diǎn)： 1、電路設(shè)計(jì)精湛，嚴(yán)密。使用了高性能的集成電路和電子元件，保證電路有高度的品質(zhì)；使用最優(yōu)化的電路設(shè)計(jì)，考慮到盡可能多的不利的使用環(huán)境，使儀器能在電壓、溫度、濕度、灰塵污染等復(fù)雜的變化因素多的條件下都能穩(wěn)定工作。 2、可靠性好。為了提高電路工作的可靠性，不但元件經(jīng)過(guò)精心篩選，而且經(jīng)過(guò)2400個(gè)小時(shí)的烤機(jī)試驗(yàn)，它的外殼小巧，可以方便地裝在口袋中，隨時(shí)可以拿出來(lái)使用。 3、操作簡(jiǎn)單，使用方便。只需要插到點(diǎn)煙器上，

3、不用下車,一切ok。4、使用安全，放心。即使接反，也不會(huì)損壞儀器，更不會(huì)損壞車上任何東西. 5、速度可以調(diào)整。你可以把速度調(diào)整到最高，也可以調(diào)整到一個(gè)固定值，比如300邁. 依據(jù)車型不同，速度有所不同，可以通過(guò)調(diào)整儀器上速度旋鈕改變速度。 單片機(jī)at89c2051以其低價(jià)、低功耗、可靠性高和易于編程等特點(diǎn)著稱，x25045則是mcs51系列單片機(jī)電路的一個(gè)輔助芯片，主要擔(dān)當(dāng)復(fù)位、電壓檢測(cè)、看門狗和eeprom功能，該芯片的采用大大提高了系統(tǒng)的可靠性，減少了外圍芯片數(shù)，可實(shí)現(xiàn)里程累計(jì)的掉電存儲(chǔ)。lcm1010為十位八段式帶背光液晶顯示模塊，采用三線串行接口，它具有功耗低和編程方便的特點(diǎn)。該顯示共

4、分兩行顯示，第一行6位顯示累計(jì)里程，第二行4位（位小數(shù)）用于顯示小計(jì)里程。1為小計(jì)里程清零鍵，用于調(diào)節(jié)液晶顯示器的視角對(duì)比度。芯片x25045是xicor公司推出的帶有可編程 監(jiān)控器的cmos串行eeprom，帶有4096位，按5128來(lái)組織。它具有4字節(jié)頁(yè)寫方式和10萬(wàn)次使用周期，數(shù)據(jù)可保存100年。為了保證累計(jì)里程單元的個(gè)位或小計(jì)單元的小數(shù)位可靠刷新，當(dāng)這些單元接近極限使用周期時(shí)，可采取換頁(yè)的辦法來(lái)使這些數(shù)據(jù)移動(dòng)到新單元以繼續(xù)計(jì)數(shù)。 霍爾傳感器具有許多優(yōu)點(diǎn)，它們的結(jié)構(gòu)牢固，體積小，重量輕，壽命長(zhǎng)，安裝方便，功耗小，頻率高（可達(dá)1mhz），耐震動(dòng)，不怕灰塵、油污、水汽及鹽霧等的污染或腐蝕。

5、霍爾線性器件的精度高、線性度好；霍爾開關(guān)器件無(wú)觸點(diǎn)、無(wú)磨損、輸出波形清晰、無(wú)抖動(dòng)、無(wú)回跳、位置重復(fù)精度高（可達(dá)m級(jí)）。取用了各種補(bǔ)償和保護(hù)措施的霍爾器件的工作溫度范圍寬可達(dá)55150。 本設(shè)計(jì)以單片機(jī)at89c2051來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)里程累計(jì)、小計(jì)、清零及存儲(chǔ)，并以lm1819集成電路驅(qū)動(dòng)十字線圈表頭，從而實(shí)現(xiàn)了車速的指示。再利用霍爾傳感器傳輸信號(hào)。實(shí)現(xiàn)該設(shè)計(jì)方案成本低、指針穩(wěn)定性好、響應(yīng)速度快、抗震性強(qiáng)、可靠性和性價(jià)比都很高。經(jīng)實(shí)際使用證明，該里程表完全可以取代傳統(tǒng)的以軟軸驅(qū)動(dòng)的車速里程表。當(dāng)然，這只是一種實(shí)現(xiàn)方案，也可以由單片機(jī)通過(guò)軟件來(lái)驅(qū)動(dòng)十字線圈表頭，即由單片機(jī)分別控制表頭的正弦線圈和余弦線圈而

6、省去lm1819集成電路。 單片機(jī)課程是已們實(shí)踐性很強(qiáng)的專業(yè)技術(shù)課程，初學(xué)者只有通過(guò)大量的編程、實(shí)驗(yàn)、調(diào)試、設(shè)計(jì)制作等一系列的實(shí)踐環(huán)節(jié)的訓(xùn)練，才能真正理解單片機(jī)軟件及硬件設(shè)計(jì)和調(diào)試技巧，才能靈活的運(yùn)用單片機(jī)的各條指令系統(tǒng)和各種開發(fā)調(diào)試工具，設(shè)計(jì)出高效、可靠、低功耗、體積更小的單片機(jī)應(yīng)用系統(tǒng)，充分體現(xiàn)單片機(jī)的嵌入式應(yīng)用特色。要進(jìn)行單片機(jī)的開發(fā)、實(shí)驗(yàn)及課程設(shè)計(jì)等，必須有一套軟硬件開發(fā)工具，這樣可以省下許多寶貴的時(shí)間及精力，提高工作效率。單片機(jī)是計(jì)算機(jī)家族的一個(gè)重要分支，它具有體積小、價(jià)格低、面向控制的特點(diǎn)，適用于各種工業(yè)控制、儀器儀表裝置，在人類生產(chǎn)和生活的各個(gè)領(lǐng)域都有極為廣泛的應(yīng)用。 近年來(lái)，微

7、型計(jì)算機(jī)的發(fā)展速度足以讓人們驚嘆，以計(jì)算機(jī)為主導(dǎo)的信息技術(shù)作為一種新的生產(chǎn)力，正在向社會(huì)的各個(gè)領(lǐng)域滲透，也使機(jī)電一體化的進(jìn)程大大加快。 機(jī)電一體化是當(dāng)今制造技術(shù)和產(chǎn)品發(fā)展的主要傾向，也是我國(guó)機(jī)電工業(yè)發(fā)展的必由之路?？梢哉J(rèn)為，它是用系統(tǒng)工程學(xué)的觀點(diǎn)和方法，研究在機(jī)電系統(tǒng)和產(chǎn)品中如何將機(jī)械、計(jì)算機(jī)、信息處理和自動(dòng)控制技術(shù)綜合應(yīng)用，以求機(jī)電系統(tǒng)和產(chǎn)品達(dá)到最佳的組合。機(jī)電一體化產(chǎn)品所需要的是嵌入式微機(jī)，而單片機(jī)具有體積小、集成度高、功能強(qiáng)等特點(diǎn)，適于嵌入式應(yīng)用。智能儀器、家用電器、數(shù)控機(jī)床、工業(yè)控制等機(jī)電設(shè)備和產(chǎn)品中竟相使用單片機(jī)。 就目前而言，單片機(jī)的發(fā)展勢(shì)頭依然不減，各種型號(hào)和功能更強(qiáng)的單片機(jī)和超

8、級(jí)接口芯片不斷出現(xiàn)，進(jìn)一步向高層次發(fā)展的重要標(biāo)志就是構(gòu)成多機(jī)系統(tǒng)和分布式網(wǎng)絡(luò)。世界上單片機(jī)芯片的產(chǎn)量以每年27%的速度遞增，到本世紀(jì)初已達(dá)30億片，而我國(guó)的年需求量也超過(guò)了億片的數(shù)量，這表明單片機(jī)有著廣闊的應(yīng)用前景。本課程主要針對(duì)目前我國(guó)早期應(yīng)用比較廣泛的“mcs-51”單片機(jī)進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)的講解和分析。為使用和開發(fā)各類機(jī)電一體化設(shè)備和儀表建立基礎(chǔ)。關(guān)于轉(zhuǎn)速表的設(shè)計(jì)已經(jīng)有很多可供參考,但大部分都是由機(jī)械式或模擬數(shù)字電路來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)的。 存在著體積大、精度低、不直觀、功耗大、功能少，而且采樣時(shí)間長(zhǎng)，難以測(cè)得瞬時(shí)轉(zhuǎn)速。 由于單片機(jī)具有體積小、控制功能強(qiáng)等特點(diǎn),故它在控制方面得到了廣泛的應(yīng)用。 我們所要設(shè)計(jì)的多

9、功能轉(zhuǎn)速控制系統(tǒng)就是以單片機(jī)為核心來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)智能化儀表。它具有功能多,功耗小、直觀準(zhǔn)確,可顯示時(shí)間、限速報(bào)警系統(tǒng)、打印、瞬間轉(zhuǎn)速等優(yōu)點(diǎn)。文中闡述了該類轉(zhuǎn)速表的光電傳感器工作原理、結(jié)構(gòu)及轉(zhuǎn)速轉(zhuǎn)換電路的設(shè)計(jì)。本設(shè)計(jì)采用的譯碼器是mc14499，它是motorola公司的高集成度led顯示驅(qū)動(dòng)器，采用動(dòng)態(tài)掃描方式顯示驅(qū)動(dòng)4個(gè)led數(shù)碼管。它集鎖存、譯碼、驅(qū)動(dòng)、掃描、時(shí)鐘于一體。該設(shè)計(jì)能實(shí)時(shí)地將所測(cè)的速度顯示出來(lái)，同時(shí)也能夠累計(jì)顯示總里程數(shù)。該速度里程表能將傳感器輸入到單片機(jī)的脈沖信號(hào)的寬度（傳感器將車速轉(zhuǎn)變成相應(yīng)寬度的脈沖信號(hào)）實(shí)時(shí)地測(cè)量出來(lái)，然后通過(guò)單片機(jī)計(jì)算出速度和里程，再將所得的數(shù)據(jù)存儲(chǔ)到串口數(shù)據(jù)

10、存儲(chǔ)器，并由串口液晶顯示模塊實(shí)時(shí)顯示出所測(cè)速度。本設(shè)計(jì)用兩個(gè)按鍵來(lái)控制顯示速度或里程?？紤]到信號(hào)的衰減、干擾等影響，在信號(hào)送入單片機(jī)前應(yīng)對(duì)其進(jìn)行放大整形，然后再輸入到單片機(jī)進(jìn)行測(cè)速。單片機(jī)利用定時(shí)器t0的控制功能測(cè)出輸入信號(hào)的周期后，再利用單片機(jī)的算術(shù)運(yùn)算功能將周期轉(zhuǎn)換成速度，同時(shí)每秒鐘進(jìn)行一次里程累計(jì)，從而計(jì)算出總里程。最后將得出的速度、里程值存儲(chǔ)在eeprom中，并根據(jù)兩個(gè)按鍵的選擇情況來(lái)顯示速度或里程。為了方便計(jì)算要顯示數(shù)據(jù)值的段碼，可再將其轉(zhuǎn)換成壓縮的bcd碼，然后通過(guò)查表將要顯示的數(shù)據(jù)值中每一位的壓縮bcd碼轉(zhuǎn)換成8段碼送到顯示緩沖區(qū)，最后經(jīng)串口送至液晶顯示模塊以顯示所測(cè)的速度或里程

11、。設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)，應(yīng)綜合考慮測(cè)速精度和系統(tǒng)反應(yīng)時(shí)間。本設(shè)計(jì)用測(cè)量脈沖頻率來(lái)計(jì)算速度，因而具有較高的測(cè)速精度。為了保證系統(tǒng)的實(shí)時(shí)性，系統(tǒng)的速度轉(zhuǎn)換模塊和顯示數(shù)據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)bcd碼模塊都采用快速算法。另外，還應(yīng)盡量保證其它子模塊在編程時(shí)的通用性和高效性。本設(shè)計(jì)的速度和里程值采用8位顯示，并包含兩個(gè)小數(shù)位。綜上所述，本文介紹了一種基于單片機(jī)at89c2051的速度里程表的設(shè)計(jì)方法。由于該方案中使用了串口段碼液晶顯示模塊eeprom儲(chǔ)存器，因而節(jié)省了硬件資源，提高了系統(tǒng)性價(jià)比。同時(shí)，也有益于在此電路基礎(chǔ)上利用單片機(jī)的資源擴(kuò)展其它功能。原文： the odometer and mcuthe traditional au

12、tomobile rotational speed odometers function has two; first, with indicator instruction automobile travel instantaneous vehicle speed; second, records the automobile travel with the mechanical counter the accumulation course. the modern automobile is developing to the high speed direction, along wit

13、h the vehicle speed enhancement, the tradition speedometer which actuates with the flexible axle receives the unprecedented challenge, this is because of the flexible axle when high speed revolving, as a result of steel wire alternate stresses limit limit, but easy to break, simultaneously, the flex

14、ible axle will arrange long will have presented the deformation oversized or the movement sluggish and so on phenomena, moreover, regarding the different vehicle type, the rotational speed odometers installment position will also receive the flexible axle length and bending limit. all these, causes

15、based on the non-contact type tachometer generators electronic formula rotational speed odometer to be able the rapidly expand.presents automobile measuring appliance automaticity is very high, what the old style mechanical flexible axle transmissions measuring appliance already eliminated displaces

16、 is presents liquid crystal gauge board, is impossible through to dial the digital code wheel adjustment odometer again. when in the driver needs to increase the number of passes, runs the table with this kind to be possible very with ease to realize. this kind runs the table use medium scale integr

17、ation design to become, the volume is exquisite, the movement is stable, is suitable uses on each kind of electronic transducers automobile. this kind of exquisite instrument has compared to the other similar products obvious merit: 1st, the circuit design is exquisite, strict. has used the high per

18、formance integrated circuit and the electronic component, the guarantee circuit has the high quality; the use optimizations circuit design, considered many disadvantageous use environment, enable the instrument as far as possible in the voltage, the temperature, the humidity, the dust pollution and

19、so on under complex change factor many conditions to be able the steady work. 2nd, the reliability is good. in order to enhance the electric circuit work the reliability, not only the part passes through screens carefully, moreover passes through 2400 hours to roast machine the experiment, its outer

20、 covering is exquisite, may install conveniently in the pocket, momentarily may take the use. 3rd, simplicity of operator, easy to operate. only needs to insert to the cigar lighter on, does not need to get out, all ok. 4th, the use security, felt relieved. even if meets instead, also will not damag

21、e the instrument, will not damage on the vehicle anything. 5th, the speed may adjust. you may the speed regulation highest, may also adjust to a fixture, for instance 300 step. is different based on the vehicle type, the speed differs from, may the speed knob change speed through the regulating inst

22、rument on.monolithic integrated circuit at89c2051 by its low price, the low power loss, the reliability high and easy to program and so on characteristics to be famous, x25045 is a mcs-51 series monolithic integrated circuit electric circuits auxiliary chip, mainly takes on the replacement, the volt

23、age examination, the watch-dog and the eeprom function, this chips use enhanced systems reliability greatly, reduced the periphery chip number, may realize the power failure which the course accumulates to save. lcm1010 is ten type belt back light liquid crystal display module, uses three serial int

24、erfaces, it has the power loss to be low and programming convenient characteristic. this demonstration is divided two lines of demonstrations, the first line of 6 demonstration accumulation course, second line of 4 (1 decimal) uses in demonstrating the sub-total course. in the chart k1 is the sub-to

25、tal course reset key, r4 uses in adjusting liquid-crystal displays angle of view contrast gradient. chip x25045 is xicor corporation promotes has programmable p monitors cmos serial eeprom, has 4096, according to 5128 organizes. it has 4 bytes pages to write the way and 100,000 use cycles, the data

26、may preserve for 100 years. in order to guarantee the accumulation course unit the units place or sub-total unit decimal place reliable refurbishing, when these unit close limit use cycle, may adopt the form feed the means to cause these data to move to the new unit continues to count.the hall senso

27、r has many merits, their structure is reliable, the volume is small, the weight is light, the life is long, the easy installation, the power loss is small, the frequency high (may reach 1mhz), bears the vibration, does not fear the dust, the greasy dirt, the water vapor and the salt mist and so on p

28、ollution or the corrosion. the hall linear units precision is high, the linearity is good; the hall switch component non-contact, does not have the attrition, the output wave shape clearly, not to have the vibration, not to have the rebound, the position repeat accuracy high (to be possible to reach

29、 m level). has used each kind of compensation and the protective measures hall components operating temperature scope width may reach - 55150. this design realizes the course by monolithic integrated circuit at89c2051 to accumulate, the sub-total, the reset and the memory, and actuates the cross coi

30、l meter by the lm1819 integrated circuit, thus has realized the vehicle speed instruction. again using hall sensor transmission signal. realizes this design proposal cost to be inexpensive, the indicator stability is good, the speed of response is quick, the anti-knocking property is strong, the rel

31、iability and the performance-to-price ratio are very high. after the actual use proof, this odometer definitely may substitute for the tradition the speedometer which actuates by the flexible axle. certainly, this is only one kind realizes the plan, may also actuate the cross coil meter by the monol

32、ithic integrated circuit through the software, namely controls the meter separately by the monolithic integrated circuit the sine coil and the cosine coil omits the lm1819 integrated circuit. regarding this, here no longer gives unnecessary detail.the monolithic integrated circuit curriculum was alr

33、eady the practical very strong specialized technology curriculum, the beginner only then through the massive programming, the experiment, the debugging, the design manufacture and so on a series of practice links training, could understand truly the monolithic integrated circuit software and the har

34、dware design and the debugging skill, could the nimble utilization monolithic integrated circuits each command system and each kind of development debugging aids, design highly effective, reliable, the low power loss, the volume smaller monolithic integrated circuit application system, manifested mo

35、nolithic integrated circuits embedded application characteristic fully. must carry on monolithic integrated circuits development, the experiment and the curriculum project and so on, must have a set of software and hardware development kit, like this may save many precious time and the energy, raise

36、s the working efficiency. the monolithic integrated circuit is a computer familys important branch, it has the volume to be young, price low, face control characteristic, is suitable in each industrial control, the instruments and meters installment, has the extremely widespread application in the h

37、uman production and life each domain.in recent years, microcomputers development speed let the common people exclaim in surprise sufficiently that took one kind of brand-new productive forces take the computer as the leading information technology, to societys each domain seepage, also made the inte

38、gration of machinery the advancement to speed up greatly.the integration of machinery is now the technique of manufacture and the product development main trend, is also our country mechanical and electrical industrial development way that must be taken. may believe that it is with the system engine

39、ering viewpoint and the method, how studies in the mechanical and electrical system and the product the machinery, the computer, the information processing and the automatic control technology synthesis application, in order to the mechanical and electrical system and the product achieves the best c

40、ombination. what the integration of machinery product needs is the embedded microcomputer, but the monolithic integrated circuit has the volume to be small, the integration rate is high, function strong and so on characteristics, is suitable for the embedded application. the smart instrument, the do

41、mestic electric appliances, the numerically-controlled machine tool, the industrial control and so on the electromechanical device and the product uses the monolithic integrated circuit unexpectedly.in the present case, monolithic integrated circuits development momentum still does not reduce, each

42、kind of model and a function stronger monolithic integrated circuit and the super connection chip appear unceasingly, is further constitutes the multi-computer system and the distribution network to the top level developments important symbol. in the world the monolithic integrated circuit chips out

43、put by every year 27% speed increase, to had reached 3,000,000,000 pieces at the beginning of the century, but our countrys year demand has also surpassed hundred million piece of quantities, this indicated that the monolithic integrated circuit has the broad application prospect. this curriculum ma

44、inly aims at the present our country early time application quite widespread “mcs-51” the monolithic integrated circuit to carry on systems explanation and the analysis. in order to use and develop each kind of integration of machinery equipment and the measuring appliance establishment foundation.o

45、n the rotational speed table design has many available, but mostly by mechanical or simulated digital circuits to achieve. there are large in size, precision low, not visual, electronics large, less functional and sampling time, it is difficult to detect instantaneous rotational speed. as the micro

46、controller unit with both small and control functions such strong characteristics, so it widely in control applications. we want multifunctional rotational speed control system is designed to the micro controller unit as the core to achieve intelligent meters. it is more functional, small electronic

47、s, and visual accuracy, showing time, speed warning systems, printing, such as instant rotational speed advantage. the article explained the photoelectric sensors such rotational speed table operating principles, structure and rotational speed switching circuit design. the design is a decoder mc1449

48、9, which is integrated high degree led motorola companies that drive, a dynamic scanning driven four led digital display control. it sets suocun, decoding, driving, scanning, the clock on integration.this design can real-time the speed display which measured, simultaneously can also accumulate demon

49、strates the total course number. this speed odometer can input the sensor to monolithic integrated circuits signal impulse width (sensor transforms vehicle speed corresponding width signal impulse) real-time to survey, then calculates the speed and the course through the monolithic integrated circui

50、t, again the obtained data storage to the serial port data-carrier storage, and will measure the speed by the serial port liquid crystal display module real time display. this design controls the demonstration speed or the course with two pressed keys. considers the signal influences and so on weake

51、n, disturbance, before the signal sends in the monolithic integrated circuit to deal with it to carry on the enlargement reshaping, then inputs again to the monolithic integrated circuit carries on measures fast. monolithic integrated circuit determines input signal after the timer t0 control function the cycle, again using monolithic integrated circuits arithmetic operation function the cycle transfo