高考英語(yǔ)考點(diǎn)透析-非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞

1、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞高考考點(diǎn)透析 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞包括動(dòng)詞不定式、分詞和動(dòng)名詞三種形式。它既是中學(xué)英語(yǔ)中重要的語(yǔ)法，也是高考的必考點(diǎn)?，F(xiàn)就這一語(yǔ)言現(xiàn)象歸納如下。一、 不定式1.不定式由“ to+動(dòng)詞原形”構(gòu)成。其否定形式是“not to+動(dòng)詞原形”，若加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣可用“never to+動(dòng)詞原形”。不定式不能作謂語(yǔ)，但可以充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)。2.不定式的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。（1）一般時(shí)。一般時(shí)表示的動(dòng)作，有時(shí)與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，有時(shí)發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作之后。（2004年北京卷）My adviser encouraged _ a summer course to improve my w

2、riting skills.A.for me takingB.me takingC.for me to takeD.me to take Key：D（2）進(jìn)行時(shí)。表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。They seem to be talking about you.（3）完成時(shí)。表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作之前。（2007年重慶卷）Leonardo da Vinci（14521519）_ birds kept in cages in order to have the pleasure of setting them free.A.is said to be buying B

3、.is said to have boughtC.had said to buyD.has said to have bought Key：B（4）完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。She is known to have been working on the problem for many years.3.不定式所作的句子成分。（1）作主語(yǔ)。Not to have a correct goal is like having no soul.（2）作表語(yǔ)。不定式可放在be動(dòng)詞后面，形成表語(yǔ)。The important thing you do is _ your balance.A.kept B.being k

4、ept C.to have kept D.keep解析如果不定式對(duì)前面do的意思作精確解釋?zhuān)欢ㄊ椒?hào)to可省略，故答案選D。（3）作賓語(yǔ)。（2005年天津卷）I dont want _ like Im speaking ill of anybody，but the managers plan is unfair.A.to soundB.to be soundedC.soundingD.to have sounded Key：A（4）作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。Father will not allow us to play on the street.（5）作定語(yǔ)。不定式作定語(yǔ)通常要放在被修飾的詞后。He

5、 is the man to send it.（the man是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者）He is the man to be sent.（the man是動(dòng)作的承受者）考點(diǎn)拓展不定式作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，不定式與被修飾的詞構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。I have some food to eat.不定式作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，不定式常表示將來(lái)。1 / 7（2005年湖南卷）I send you 100 dollars today，the rest _ in a year.A.followsB.followedC.to followD.being followed Key：C個(gè)別的不定式作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，不定式與被修飾的詞有主謂或同位關(guān)系。（2007

6、年全國(guó)卷）The last one _ pays the meal.Agreed！A.arrivedB.arrivesC.to arriveD.arriving Key：C不定式如果是不及物動(dòng)詞或者不定式所修飾的名詞或代詞是不定式動(dòng)作的地點(diǎn)、工具等，不定式后面須有相應(yīng)的介詞。The chair looks rather hard，but in fact it is very comfortable to _.A.sit B.sit on C.be seat D.be sat on解析如果不定式為不及物動(dòng)詞，其后應(yīng)加上相應(yīng)的介詞，故答案選B。不定式所修飾的名詞如果是time，place或way時(shí)

7、，不定式后面的介詞習(xí)慣上可省略。Here is the way to come every day.（6）作狀語(yǔ)。目的狀語(yǔ)。（2006年廣東卷）_ this cake，youll need two eggs，175g sugar and 175g flour.A.Having madeB.MakeC.To makeD.Making Key：C表示出乎預(yù)料的結(jié)果，要放在句子后面。（2006年陜西卷）He hurried to the booking office only _ that all the tickets had been sold out.A.to tell B.to be tol

8、d C.telling D.told Key：B（7）其他用法。疑問(wèn)詞不定式。疑問(wèn)詞不定式可做主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)等。How to deal with waste is a big problem.I dont know what to write about.不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。如果表示對(duì)某人的性格、品德進(jìn)行描述，或?qū)δ橙吮硎举潛P(yáng)或指責(zé)，用It is of sb to do sth；其他情況則用It is for sb to do sth。Its very nice of you to help me.Its very important for us to learn English well.

9、如果一個(gè)不定式在第二次出現(xiàn)時(shí)，可以省略其動(dòng)詞，但要保留to。（1998年上海卷）Does your brother intend to study German？Yes，he intends _.A./ B.to C.so D.that Key：B用and連接幾個(gè)不定式時(shí)，只保留第一個(gè)to。It is necessary to read and write.（8）不定式的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。在系表結(jié)構(gòu)中，在difficult，easy，hard，interesting，pleasant，nice，fit，dangerous等詞后的不定式常用主動(dòng)表示被動(dòng)。The fish is not fit

10、 to eat.二、 分詞分詞分為現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞?，F(xiàn)在分詞有一般時(shí)和完成時(shí)。一般時(shí)表示和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生的行為，完成時(shí)（having+過(guò)去分詞）表示在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。1.現(xiàn)在分詞。現(xiàn)在分詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)：有一般時(shí)、完成時(shí)，主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)之分。（1）一般時(shí)。表示和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生的行為。（2007年全國(guó)卷）At the beginning of class，the noise of desks _ could be heard outside the classroom.A.opened and closed B.to be opened and

11、 closedC.being opened and closed D.to open and close Key：C（2）完成時(shí)。表示分詞所表示的動(dòng)作先于主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞發(fā)生。（2005年江西卷）The manager，_ it clear to us that he didnt agree with us，left the meeting room.A.who has madeB.having madeC.madeD.making Key：B（3）現(xiàn)在分詞的用法。作狀語(yǔ)。分詞或分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，可表原因、時(shí)間、行為方式和伴隨狀況等。（2007年北京卷）He is a student at Oxf

12、ord University，_ for a degree in computer science.A.studiedB.studyingC.to have studiedD.to be studying Key：B當(dāng)分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)與主句的主語(yǔ)不一致時(shí)，分詞必須有自己的主語(yǔ)。It being fine，we want to go out.作定語(yǔ)。通常單個(gè)的分詞做定語(yǔ)時(shí)，放在被修飾的名詞之前，分詞短語(yǔ)做定語(yǔ)時(shí)，放在被修飾的名詞之后。（2001年上海卷）The bell _ the end of the period rang，_ our heated discussion.A.indicatin

13、g；interrupting B.indicated；interruptingC.indicating；interruptedD.indicated；interrupted Key：A作表語(yǔ)。作表語(yǔ)多表示主語(yǔ)所具有的特征。The story is astonishing.作補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。動(dòng)詞see，watch，hear，feel，find，get，keep，observe，notice，let，have后可接補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。（2007年北京卷）Excuse me sir，where is Room 301？Just a minute.Ill have Bob _ you to your room.A.sho

14、w B.shows C.to show D.showing Key：A常見(jiàn)的現(xiàn)在分詞作介詞的有：including（包括），following（在之后）。 Following this quarrel，they understand each other much better.2.過(guò)去分詞。過(guò)去分詞表示在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，本身有被動(dòng)和完成的含義，所以只有一般時(shí)沒(méi)有完成時(shí)；而不及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)不表示被動(dòng)，只表示主動(dòng)和完成的含義。（1）作定語(yǔ)。過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)通常表示完成的或被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作。（2007年湖南卷）Things _ never come again！I couldnt hel

15、p talking to myself.A.lostB.losingC.to loseD.have lost Key：A（2）作表語(yǔ)。通常表示主語(yǔ)所處的狀態(tài)或感受。（2007年山東卷）Please remain _ until the plane has come to a complete stop.A.to seat B.to be seated C.seating D.seated Key：D（3）作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。 I found him seated under a tree，reading a book.（4）作狀語(yǔ)。（2007年四川卷）The flowers his friend g

16、ave him will die unless _ every day.A.wateredB.wateringB.waterD.to water Key:A三、 動(dòng)名詞動(dòng)名詞由V-ing構(gòu)成，具有動(dòng)詞和名詞的性質(zhì)，在句中起名詞作用，可作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)。1.動(dòng)名詞的時(shí)態(tài)與語(yǔ)態(tài)。動(dòng)名詞的時(shí)態(tài)有一般時(shí)和完成時(shí)兩種，如果動(dòng)名詞的動(dòng)作與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生或相差不多，動(dòng)名詞用一般時(shí)即可。（1）動(dòng)名詞的一般時(shí)。（2007年江西卷）Can I smoke here？Sorry.We dont allow _ here.A.people smokingB.people smokeC.to smokeD.s

17、moking Key：D（2）動(dòng)名詞的完成時(shí)。表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作之前。She regretted having missed the film.2.動(dòng)名詞的用法。（1）作主語(yǔ)。（2005年北京卷）Its necessary to be prepared for a job interview._ the answers ready will be of great help.A.To have had B.Having had C.Have D.Having Key：D（2）作表語(yǔ)。Her job is sweeping the floor（3）作賓語(yǔ)。（2005年上海卷）He

18、 got well?鄄prepared for the job interview，for he couldnt risk _ the good opportunity.A.to lose B.losing C.to be lostD.being lost Key：B注意：動(dòng)名詞與不定式都可作賓語(yǔ)，且意義相同的有：like，love，hate，begin，start，continue，prefer。動(dòng)名詞與不定式作賓語(yǔ)意義不同，不定式指要做而還沒(méi)做的事，而動(dòng)名詞則表示已做過(guò)的事。這些詞有：forget，go on，mean，regret，remember，stop，try等。She regretted missing the lecture.She regretted to tell him that he has failed.need，want，require三個(gè)動(dòng)詞，當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)，后面的賓語(yǔ)有兩種形式，即：need/want/require+doing/to be done。（2007年陜西卷）As a result of the serious flood，two-thirds of the buildings in the