新編大學(xué)英語book1_unit3

1、 Study the following movements of body language. Then work in pairs to discuss what each gesture means in your culture. Nodding your head up and down It means “I agree” or it shows that you are paying attention. Shaking your head It means you are saying “No!” or it shows that you are disappointed. W

2、aving your hand while curling the fingers downward/upward It means “Come here!” Passage Reading Structure Analysis More Than Words Part I Para.1 Introduction Part II Para.2-5 Main Body Part III Para.6 Conclusion Structure Analysis Part I (Para.1) Introduction Para. 1 Body language or nonverbal langu

3、age is also an important means of communication. Part II (Para. 2-5) Main Idea: Communicating in a foreign language can be difficult if we dont understand the nonverbal signals of that culture. Para.2 The meaning shown by nodding the head (up and down) varies in different cultures. Para. 3 Eye conta

4、ct can mean different things in different countries. Spanish-speaking countries vs. U.S. Para. 4 The sign of waving the hand. Asia vs. North America. Para. 5 Personal conversation distance. North America vs. Latin America or Middle East. Part III (Para.6) Conclusion Para.6 To communicate successfull

5、y in a foreign language, we need to master a fifth skillcultural awareness. Detailed Reading 1. When you learn a foreign language you must learn more than just the vocabulary and the grammar. Translation 當(dāng)你學(xué)一門外語的時(shí)候，你要學(xué)的不僅僅是詞匯當(dāng)你學(xué)一門外語的時(shí)候，你要學(xué)的不僅僅是詞匯 和語法。和語法。 Comments Here “more than” means “not only”.

6、Sometimes “more than” means “a greater or additional number or amount of”. Sometimes it means “very”. Examples 1. There are two more students here than yesterday. 2. They were more than glad to help. 3. He was more than upset by the accident. 2. “Body language” is a term used to describe facial expr

7、essions, gestures, and other movements of the body that send messages. Translation Comments “肢體語言肢體語言”是用來描述那些可以傳遞信息的臉部表情、是用來描述那些可以傳遞信息的臉部表情、 手勢(shì)以及其他身體動(dòng)作的術(shù)語。手勢(shì)以及其他身體動(dòng)作的術(shù)語。 “used to” here is a past participle phrase modifying “term”. “used to”為過去分詞作后置定語，修飾為過去分詞作后置定語，修飾“term”。 Contrast used to do, be/ge

8、t used to sth./doing sth. used to do: 過去常常做過去常常做 You used to smoke a pipe, didnt you? be/get used to sth./doing sth. :習(xí)慣于習(xí)慣于 The food in England is strange at first but youll soon get used to it. He is quite used to hard work / working hard. term n. 1. a word or phrase used to express a definite ide

9、a 術(shù)語，術(shù)語， 詞語詞語 a medical term 醫(yī)學(xué)術(shù)語醫(yī)學(xué)術(shù)語 legal terms 法律術(shù)語法律術(shù)語 2. a fixed or limited period of time 期；期限期；期限 The President is elected for a four-year term. in terms of: The book has been well reviewed, but in terms of actual sales it has not been very successful. Expression: 至于；關(guān)于；從至于；關(guān)于；從觀點(diǎn)來看觀點(diǎn)來看 3. Th

10、is means of communication is so important that we may actually say more with our movements than we do with words. Translation 這種交流方法非常重要，實(shí)際上我們用動(dòng)作表達(dá)的信息這種交流方法非常重要，實(shí)際上我們用動(dòng)作表達(dá)的信息 比用言語表達(dá)的信息還要多。比用言語表達(dá)的信息還要多。 Comments so + adj./adv. + (that) 如此如此/非常非常以至于以至于 Examples 1. He was so young that you must excuse

11、him. 2. It was so dark that he couldnt see the faces of his companions. means n. a method or way (of doing) 方法，手段方法，手段 1. All possible means have been tried. 2. The quickest means of travel is by plane. by all means: 當(dāng)然，完全可以當(dāng)然，完全可以 ；想盡一切辦法；想盡一切辦法 1. Can I see it? By all means. 2. You must finish the

12、 work by all means. by no means: 決不，一點(diǎn)兒也不決不，一點(diǎn)兒也不 She is by no means poor; in fact, she is quite rich. Expressions: signal sign, gesture, sound, etc. that conveys a message, demand, etc. 信號(hào)，暗號(hào)信號(hào)，暗號(hào) n. 1. A red light is a signal to stop. 紅燈是停止前進(jìn)的信號(hào)。紅燈是停止前進(jìn)的信號(hào)。 2. This opinion poll is a clear signal t

13、o the President that the voters do not support his foreign policy. 這項(xiàng)民意測驗(yàn)向總統(tǒng)清楚地表明選民們不支持他的這項(xiàng)民意測驗(yàn)向總統(tǒng)清楚地表明選民們不支持他的 外交政策。外交政策。 mean v. & adj. 1. 表示表示的意思，意思是的意思，意思是 These symbols mean nothing to me. 2. 本意是，原意為本意是，原意為 She said Tuesday, but she meant Thursday. v. adj. 1. 小氣的，吝嗇的小氣的，吝嗇的 She is very mean wit

14、h his money. 他用錢十分吝嗇。他用錢十分吝嗇。 2. 不客氣的，無情的，刻薄的不客氣的，無情的，刻薄的 It was mean of you not to let the children play in the snow. 4. Visitors to other countries must be aware of the difference or they may send the wrong message. or 可做并列連詞，表示可做并列連詞，表示“否則，要不然否則，要不然”。 去國外訪問的人必須了解這種差別，否去國外訪問的人必須了解這種差別，否 則就會(huì)傳遞錯(cuò)誤的信息

15、。則就會(huì)傳遞錯(cuò)誤的信息。 Translation Comments Examples 1. Wear the coat or you will catch cold. 2. She cant be ill or she wouldnt have come. 5. Although we rarely think about it, the distance that we stand from someone during a conversation is also an important part of communication. Translation 我們?cè)谡勗挄r(shí)與對(duì)方保持的距離同

16、樣也是交流過我們?cè)谡勗挄r(shí)與對(duì)方保持的距離同樣也是交流過 程中的一個(gè)重要方面，雖然我們很少想到這一點(diǎn)。程中的一個(gè)重要方面，雖然我們很少想到這一點(diǎn)。 Comments Pay attention to “rarely”. In this sentence “rarely” means “seldom”. The sentence should be an inverted one if it begins with “rarely”. Rarely have I seen such a wonderful recovery in my patients. Examples 6. Generally

17、, North Americans prefer more space than do Latin Americans and people from the Middle East. Translation 通常通常, ,北美人比拉丁美洲人和中東人更喜歡彼此間北美人比拉丁美洲人和中東人更喜歡彼此間 距離大一點(diǎn)。距離大一點(diǎn)。 比較狀語從句的倒裝。在比較狀語從句的倒裝。在thanthan引導(dǎo)的復(fù)合句中，引導(dǎo)的復(fù)合句中， 如果謂語動(dòng)詞省略如果謂語動(dòng)詞省略, ,且兩句的主語進(jìn)行比較，且兩句的主語進(jìn)行比較， thanthan后可用倒裝。后可用倒裝。 Comments Example She spent

18、 more time on English study than did the other students. 她花在英語學(xué)習(xí)上的時(shí)間比其他同學(xué)都多。她花在英語學(xué)習(xí)上的時(shí)間比其他同學(xué)都多。 prefer vt. 寧可，寧愿（選擇）；更喜歡寧可，寧愿（選擇）；更喜歡 1. prefer+名詞名詞/動(dòng)名詞動(dòng)名詞 I prefer the white one. 我喜歡那個(gè)白的。我喜歡那個(gè)白的。 I prefer going by bike. 我寧愿騎單車去。我寧愿騎單車去。 2. prefer to do 愿意做愿意做 I prefer to go at once. 我愿意馬上就走。我愿意馬上就走

19、。 3. prefer sb. to do 愿意某人做愿意某人做 I prefer you to go at once. 我希望你馬上就走。我希望你馬上就走。 4. prefer sth. to sth. 寧愿寧愿(做做)而不而不(做做) I prefer tea to milk. 我寧愿喝茶也不喝牛奶。我寧愿喝茶也不喝牛奶。 I prefer watching TV to going out. 我寧愿看電視也不出去。我寧愿看電視也不出去。 5. prefer to do sth. rather than do sth. 寧愿做寧愿做而不做而不做 I prefer to watch TV ra

20、ther than go out.我寧愿看電視也不出去。我寧愿看電視也不出去。 7. The person who prefers more distance usually loses the fight when he finds himself with his back against the wall. Comments find + object + object complement 發(fā)現(xiàn)處于發(fā)現(xiàn)處于狀態(tài)狀態(tài) Translation 通常，喜歡距離大點(diǎn)兒的那個(gè)人往往退到背靠墻，通常，喜歡距離大點(diǎn)兒的那個(gè)人往往退到背靠墻， 無路可退為止，他（拉大距離）的努力也以失敗無路可退為止，他

21、（拉大距離）的努力也以失敗 告終。告終。 Examples 1. She found it difficult to understand him. 2. We found him (to be) dishonest. occur vi. 發(fā)生發(fā)生 1. Dont let the mistake occur again. 不要讓這種錯(cuò)誤再次發(fā)生。不要讓這種錯(cuò)誤再次發(fā)生。 2. The traffic accident occurred at five oclock. 那起交通事故發(fā)生在那起交通事故發(fā)生在5 5點(diǎn)鐘。點(diǎn)鐘。 詞義辨析詞義辨析：occur, happen, take place 1

22、.1.既可用既可用happenhappen也可用也可用occuroccur來表達(dá)某事件是偶然發(fā)生，來表達(dá)某事件是偶然發(fā)生， 但但occuroccur要比要比happenhappen更正式。更正式。 When did the explosion happen/occur? 那起爆炸事故是什么時(shí)候那起爆炸事故是什么時(shí)候發(fā)生發(fā)生的？的？ 2. 短語短語take place用來表達(dá)某事件是事先安排好，用來表達(dá)某事件是事先安排好， 必然會(huì)發(fā)生的。必然會(huì)發(fā)生的。 When will the wedding take place? 婚禮何時(shí)婚禮何時(shí)開始開始？ 8. We are not really pre

23、pared to communicate in a foreign language unless we know whether to shake hands or bow, when to sit and stand, and how to behave in unfamiliar situations. Translation 如果我們不知道應(yīng)該握手還是鞠躬，什么時(shí)候坐著，什如果我們不知道應(yīng)該握手還是鞠躬，什么時(shí)候坐著，什 么時(shí)候站著，在不熟悉的場合應(yīng)該有什么樣的舉止，那么時(shí)候站著，在不熟悉的場合應(yīng)該有什么樣的舉止，那 么我們就沒有真正具備用外語交流的能力。么我們就沒有真正具備用外語交流

24、的能力。 Comments 不定式不定式“whether/when/where/what/how/who/which + to do是是 “know” 的賓語。的賓語。 Examples1. I do not know whether to go to the movies or stay at home and watch TV. 2. I am not sure whom to ask for help. 1) 1) 除非你有經(jīng)驗(yàn)，否則你得不到這份工作。除非你有經(jīng)驗(yàn)，否則你得不到這份工作。(unless) 2) 2) 我把大部分時(shí)間花在研究中美文化的差異上了。我把大部分時(shí)間花在研究中美文化的差異上了。(spend) 4. Translation: You wont get the job unless youve got the experience. I spent most of my time studying the differences between Chinese and American cultures. 3) 3) 這句話意思極清楚，決不會(huì)引起誤解