北京四中情態(tài)動詞及高考預測題

1、1北京四中情態(tài)動詞情態(tài)動詞也叫語氣動詞，有一定的詞義，但本身不表示行為或狀態(tài)，而只是表示說話人對所說 動作的看法，認為它 可能、應當、必要 等。情態(tài)動詞不能單獨作謂語動詞，只能和動詞原 形一起構成謂語動詞。 英語里的情態(tài)動詞主要有： can（could）, may（might）, must, shall, will, would, need, dare, should, ought to 。情態(tài)動詞在任何主語后沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化。 除 must, need, ought to 外，其他情態(tài)動詞有表示過去時的形式變化： 現(xiàn)在式過去式cancouldmay might shallshouldwil

2、lwoulddaredared1. can 禾口 could表示能力can 表示現(xiàn)在或未來的能力， could 作為 can 的過去式，表示過去的 能力 如：Whales cannot live on land. 鯨不能生活在陸地上。We can skate. 我們會滑冰。A computer cant think for itself. 計算機不會獨立思考。Before liberation few workers could support their families. 解放前幾乎沒有工人能養(yǎng)得起家。* be able to 與 can、 could 的異同：be able to可用于多

3、種時態(tài)，can和could只用于現(xiàn)在時和過去時。如：He will be able to go with us this afternoon. 他今天下午能和我們一起去。 （一般將來時）I havent been able to see the difference yet. 我還不能看出區(qū)別在哪。 （現(xiàn)在完成時） He thought I would be able to do the work well. 他認為我能把這項工作做好。 （過去將來時） The sick man was soon able to stand up. 病人很快能站立起來。 （一般過去時）如果表示過去能夠”、”做到

4、”，”設法干成了某事”，常用was/were able to來表達（相當于 managed to do sth. 或 succeeded in doing sth. ） ,而不用 could 。如：With the firemen, they were able to escape from the burning house. 在消防人員的幫助下，他們得以從燃燒的房子中逃出。We were able to get there before the meeting began. 會前我們終于趕到那里。表示 可能性 can表示可能性時，常用于疑問句和否定句中。如：Who is speaking

5、at the meeting? Can it be Mr. Black? 會議上發(fā)言的是誰？會不會是布萊克先生？ It cant be him.不可能是他。can 間或可用于肯定句，表示理論上的可能性，表示籠統(tǒng)的時間，事物的特征Anybody who wants to try can be successful. 只要想試，任何人都可能成功。Scotland can be very warm in September. 九月份蘇格蘭會很暖和。2表示許可和請求在日常生活中，can可以代替may表示允許”;could可以代替can用來表示現(xiàn)在時間的動作， 但語氣較為婉轉，表請求。如：Can/Cou

6、ld I use your pen?我可以用一下你的鋼筆嗎？（表請求） （could比can更客氣，語氣更委婉）Yes, you can. （ 回答時不能說成 could）You can go whenever you wish. 無論什么地方，你愿意走就可以走。習慣短語：cannottoo越越好cannot but不得不如：You cannot be too careful.你越仔細越好。I cannot but do so.我不得不這樣做。can和could后面接動詞的完成式，表示對過去情況的猜測或判斷。can常用于疑問句和否定句，而 could 能用于肯定句，表示一個非事實的或不可能實現(xiàn)

7、的可能性。如：Where can he have gone?他會去哪里了？He cant have gone to school. -Its Sunday.他不可能去學校了 - 今天是星期天。You were stupid to go skiing there. You could have broken your leg. 去那里滑雪你真是太傻了，你會摔斷腿的。 （實際上沒有摔斷腿） could have done本來能做而實際未做，表達遺憾的感情色彩如：-I stayed at a hotel while in New York.-Oh, did you? You could have s

8、tayed with Jane. 在紐約期間，我無處安身，只好住在旅館里。嗷，是嗎？你本可以和珍妮住在一起。 （表達遺憾的感情色彩）2. may 和 might表示 允許 或 請求對方的允許 ， might 比 may 語氣更客氣、更委婉 You may take a rest now.你們現(xiàn)在可以休息了。 （表允許） May/Might I take the book out of the room?我可以把這本書拿出房間嗎？（表請求允許） （might 比 may 更委婉，更客氣 ） 表示 可能性 常用于肯定句和否定句，指說話人的猜測，認為某事或許可能發(fā)生。might 并不表示某事過去可能

9、發(fā)生，而是表示一種虛擬語氣，指把握性不大，句中可以用may代替，不過may要比might所表示的可能性要大。He may/might come. Youd better stay here for a moment. 他或許來，你最好在這兒等他一會兒。 （I am not sure whether hell really come. ） I may/might not be back for dinner.我可能不回來吃飯了。 （ Im not sure whether Ill be back. ）3 may/might + have + 過去分詞表示對過去的推測， 認為過去可能發(fā)生的動作。

10、might 比 may 語氣更含蓄或遲疑， may 比 might 的把握性更大He may/might have gone abroad.他可能出國了。He may/might have had some kind of accident. 他可能出了什么事了。用于祈使句，表”祝愿May you both be happy ！祝你們倆幸福！May you succeed ！祝你成功！習慣搭配：may/might as well 還是的好You may as well give him the letter. 你還是把信給他為好。I might as well stay at home ton

11、ight. 我今晚還是呆在家里吧。在表示目的或讓步的狀語從句中構成謂語Write to her at once so that she may know in time. 馬上給她寫信使她及時知道。He died so that the others might live. 為了使其他人能活下去，他自己犧牲了。 might + have + 過去分詞 表過去未實現(xiàn)的動作，也是一種虛擬語氣的用法 如：He might have given you more help, even though he was very busy. 即使他當時忙，也應給你較多的幫助。 （實際上他當時沒給你較多幫助）I

12、t was dangerous for you to try swimming in the river. You might have been eaten by the fish. 你試圖在那條河里游泳真是危險，你可能被那種（食人）魚吃了。 （實際上并未被吃）3. must表示 必須 、 一定 （現(xiàn)在和未來）Must I get ready now? 我現(xiàn)在必須準備嗎？ We must finish this before he comes. 我們必須在他回來之前做完這件事。 must 和 have to：嚴格說來，這兩個詞是有區(qū)別的，must表示說話人主觀認為的”必須，而have/has

13、 to表示客觀的需要，也可譯為 不得不 I really must stop smoking.我真的該戒煙了。 （我認為應該戒）I have to stop smoking.我得戒煙了。（可能醫(yī)生的要求或身體的客觀情況使我戒煙）have to 有時態(tài)和人稱的變化，而 must 沒有I had to write some letters last night.我昨晚不得不寫些信。 （一般過去時）I will have to meet Mr. Edward at three oclock this afternoon. 我必須今天下午三點鐘去會見愛德華先生。 （將來時態(tài)） must not=mus

14、tnt 表示禁止， 不許 ， 一定不能 do not have to =dont have to 不必 You mustnt go now.你現(xiàn)在不能走。4You dont have to go now.你不必現(xiàn)在就走。 must 用于疑問句時，肯定回答用 must， 否定回答用 need not 或 dont have/need toMust I hand in my paper now? 我必須現(xiàn)在交論文嗎？Yes， you must. （No， you neednt. 或 No， you dont have to. ）表判斷推測暗含很大的可能性，表這個意義時must僅用于肯定句，不能用于

15、疑問句和否定句。They must be in the classroom now. 他們現(xiàn)在準是在教室。You must be ill. You look so pale. 你一定是病了，你的臉色蒼白。 must + have +過去分詞表示對過去事情的推測。如：They must have heard the news. 他們必定是已經聽到這消息了。Something must have happened.一定是發(fā)生了什么事。The ground is wet. It must have rained last night. 地面是潮濕的，昨晚一定下過雨。 must 用在反意疑問句中 在反

16、意疑問句中，附加部分要和陳述部分的情態(tài)動詞或主要動詞在意思上相呼應，使用情況各 有不同：當陳述部分中的must 作必須，一定要 講時，附加部分用 mustnt 或 neednt; 當 must表推測，作 一定是，準是 講時，附加部分要根據(jù) must 后的原形動詞選用相對應的形式。He must work hard at English, mustnt he ? 他必須努力學習英語，是吧？You must renew the book, neednt you? 你必須續(xù)借這本書，對不對？He must be a teacher, isnt he ? 他準是一名教師，是嗎？（不說 mustnt）Y

17、ou must have studied English for many years, havent you? 你想必學了多年英語，是嗎？（不說mustnt）He must have arrived here yesterday, didnt he? 他想必昨天就到了這里，是嗎？（不說havent）must表示偏偏”The car must break down just when we were about to start off. 我們正要出發(fā)時偏偏車又壞了。4、need 和 dareneed作情態(tài)動詞，表示需要，只用于否定句和疑問句中，無人稱和數(shù)的變化。We neednt go th

18、ere tomorrow. 我們不必明天去那里。Need I tell you all the details? 我需要把一切詳情告訴你嗎？dare作情態(tài)動詞，通常用在否定句和疑問句中，無人稱和數(shù)的變化。He dare not do so.他不敢那么做。I dare not stand on the chair.我不敢站在椅子上。How dare you say such a thing? 你怎么敢說這種話？need和dare也可作行為動詞，與一般動詞的變化相同。 作行為動詞（或實義動詞）時， need 后面接 to + 動詞原形 。如：5Do I need to tell you all t

19、he details? 我需要把一切詳情告訴你嗎？ It needs to be done at once. 這件事需要馬上做。You dont need to worry about that. 你不必為那事?lián)?。You didnt need to come. 你當時沒必要來。 dare在肯定句中（I dare say除外）和疑問句中，后面都接to +動詞原形”，在否定句中有時帶 to, 有時不帶 to, 如：I dared to do so.我敢于這樣做。She dares to go out alone at night.她晚上敢一人出去。Did he dare to do so?他敢這

20、樣做嗎？He did not dare （to ） do so.他不敢這樣做。慣用語：I dare say 表示我想、大概。（dare say也可以連寫）Theres something wrong with the radio, I dare say. 收音機恐怕有點毛病。I daresay you are right.我想你是對的。need nt + have +過去分詞表示過去本來不必做某事而實際上做了，”本不必做You neednt have come.你本不必來。 （=You didnt have to come. ） （事實上你來了）He neednt have waited fo

21、r me.他本不必等我。 （ =He didnt have to wait for me. ） （事實上他等我了 ）5. will 和 would表意愿、決心 在陳述句或在條件狀語從句中， will 和 would 用于任何人稱。I will never do it again. 我再也不做那種事了。I will finish my lesson even if I have to stay up all night. 即使我整夜不睡覺我也一定要把功課做完。If you will allow me, Ill go with you. 如果你愿意的話，我將跟你去。They said they w

22、ould help me. 他們說他們愿意幫助我。6的語氣更婉轉would 表示的是現(xiàn)在時間并非慣于 、 總是 威脅等語氣 would 可表示過去的習慣動作He would sit there for hours sometimes, doing nothing at all. 他有時候長時間地坐在那里，什么事都不做。Every morning I would go for a long walk. 我每天早晨都會走很長的一段距離。 表示詢問對方的意愿或向對方提出請求,此時， would 比 willWill you please pass me the magazine? 請你把雜志遞給我好

23、嗎？Wont you come over? 請到這邊來好嗎？ would 與 like 連用，表請求、提議，比 will 更婉轉禮貌，這時 過去時Would you like to leave your telephone number? 請留下你的電話號碼好嗎？ will 可以表示現(xiàn)在或當前的習慣性、經常性、傾向性。常譯成 如：He will sit for hours reading. 他常常接連坐上幾個小時看書。Boys will be boys. 男孩子究竟是男孩子。No matter what you say, he will always argue with you. 不管你說什

24、么，他總是和你爭論。A wise man changes his mind, a fool never will. 聰明人能隨機應變，傻瓜是不會的。Water will boil at 100 C .水在攝氏 1 00度時總是要沸騰的。6. shall用于第一、第三人稱疑問句，表示說話人征詢對方意見或請求指示Where shall I put my bag? 我把包放在哪里好呢？Shall he come in or wait outside? 讓他進來還是在外邊等著？Shall we dance? 我們跳舞好嗎？用于第二、第三人稱，表示意愿、期望、允諾、命令、強制、警告、 You shall

25、 keep your room in order.你須保持房間整潔。 （表命令）He shall be sorry for it one day, I tell you. 有一天他會后悔的，我告訴你。 （表警告）7. should表示責任、義務、建議、勸告，用于各人稱You should study every day. 你們應該每天學習。 （表責任）You should always think of others before yourself. 你應當首先想到別人。 （表勸告）表推測、可能，暗含很大的可能 I think he should be home now. 我想他現(xiàn)在應該在家。

26、You should know his address. 你應該知道他的住址。should + have +過去分詞表過去本應完成而未完成的動作shouldnt + have + 過去分詞 表示過去發(fā)生了不應發(fā)生的動作 He should have arrived by this time.他本應這個時候到了。 （其實未到）You shouldnt have made so much noise. 你原不該那樣吵。 （事實是吵了） 用在 why , how 開頭的疑問句中或 that 引導的從句中 表達說話人感情色彩，表達意外和不滿， 竟，竟會 7mightWhy should you be

27、so late?為什么你竟這么晚？How should I know? 我怎么會知道？Im sorry that you should think so badly of me. 你竟把我想得那么壞，我感到遺憾。用于 if 引導的從句中，構成虛擬語氣If he should drop in, give him my message. 他如果來訪，就把我的條交給他。Ask her to ring me up if you should see her. 你如若見到她，讓她給我打個電話。用于建議、命令等的從句中，構成虛擬語氣We demanded that our wages should be

28、raised. 我們要求提高工資。It is suggested that he should go there by air. 建議他乘飛機去那里。My suggestion is that we should send a few people to help them. 我建議派幾個人去幫助他們。在 It is necessary/ important/strange that 中： 謂語動詞常用 should + do, 或只用動詞原形，構成虛擬語氣 如：It is necessary that he should be sent there at once. 派他馬上去那上必要的。8

29、. ought to ought to 和 should 差不多，都表 應當 ，在很多情況下可通用，但也有細微的差別：在表示 因責任、義務等該做的事情時，常用 ought to ，在表示某件事宜于做時，多用 should. We ought to /should help each other.我們應當互相幫助。You shouldnt/ oughtnt to talk like that. 你不應那樣談話。You are his father. You ought to take care of him. 你是他父親，應當管他。表推測，暗含很大的可能If we start now, we o

30、ught to be able to get there in time. 如果我們現(xiàn)在動身，我們應當能準時到達。Ask Peter. He ought to know. 問彼得吧，他應當知道。 ought to + have + 過去分詞表過去本應做但實際上沒做的事oughtnt to + have + 過去分詞 表示過去本不該做但實際上做了事 I ought to have written him a letter.我本應給他寫封信。 （實際上沒寫）I oughtnt to have written him a letter. 我本不該給他寫信。 （實際上寫了） 表示推測的情態(tài)動詞用法歸納

31、：1肯定句中：must （一定 ）， may （可能 ）， might/could （ 也許，或許 ） 其語氣的肯定程度依次遞減。其中，和 could 并非過去時態(tài)，只是語氣較為委婉或可能性較小對當前行為、情況或狀態(tài)的推測：must /may /might /could + do/be如：He must/may/might/could be in the reading room.他肯定 /可能 /也許在閱覽室里。I must look funny in this hat. 我戴這頂帽子看起來一定很滑稽。對此時此刻正在進行的動作的推測：must /may/ might/ could + be

32、doing想必 / 可能正在8如：He must /may/ might/ could be watching TV at this time. 他此時一定 /可能 /或許在看電視。They must be waiting for us. 他們肯定在等著我們。對過去發(fā)生的事情的推測：must /may /might /could + have + 過去分詞想必 /可能已經如：They must have arrived by now. 現(xiàn)在他們肯定已到了。You look very tired. You must have stayed up last night. 看上去你很疲勞，你昨晚一定

33、熬夜了。You may have read about it in the papers. 你可能在報上已讀到這件事了。 過去的一段時間內一直在進行的動作： must/may /might/ could + have + bee n +do ing想必 /可能一直在如：They are sweating all over. They must have been working in the fields. 他們渾身是汗，準是在地里勞動來著。He may have been waiting for us for an hour. 他可能等我們一小時了。2.否定句中：can/could not不

34、可能，想必不會may/might not可能不對當前行為、 情況或狀態(tài)的推測：can/could not+動詞原形不可能，想必不會may/might not+動詞原形可能不如：He may not be busy now. 也許他現(xiàn)在不忙。He can not be busy now.他現(xiàn)在一定不忙。He cant be in the reading room. I saw him on the playground just now. 他不可能在閱覽室里，我剛看到他在操場上。對此時此刻正在進行的動作的推測：can/could not + be doing 不可能，想必不會在干某事 may/m

35、ight not + be doing 可能沒在干某事如：They cant be telling the truth.他們不可能在說真話。They may not be telling the truth. 他們可能沒在說真話。對過去發(fā)生的事情的推測：can/could not + have + 過去分詞 不可能，想必不會做過某事 may/might not + have + 過去分詞 可能沒干過某事如：He cant have finished the work so soon. 這項工作他不可能完成得這樣快。He may not have achieved all his aims. B

36、ut his effort is a good one. 他可能沒達到他的全部目的，但他還是認真做了努力的。過去的一段時間內一直在進行的動作：cant /couldnt/may not have been doing 如：He cant have been waiting for us so long. 他不可能等我們那么長時間。93疑問句中：常用 can/could 來表示說話人的猜疑、懷疑或不肯定的語氣對當前行為、情況或狀態(tài)的推測：can/could + 主語 + do/be如：Where can he be now? 他現(xiàn)在會在哪里呢？ Can it be true? 那會是真的嗎？ 對

37、此時此刻正在進行的動作的推測： can/could + 主語 + be doing 如：Its so late. Can Tom be reading? 這么晚了，湯姆還在看書嗎？ What can he be doing? 他可能在做什么呢？對過去發(fā)生的事情的推測：can/could + 主語 +have done如：Can she have told a lie? 她會不會說謊了？Where can she have gone? 她會上哪兒去了呢？ 高考預測題：1. We have plenty of time. We _ run so fast.A. mustntB. neednt C.

38、 have to D. must2. Where _ my sister wait for you? In the classroom?A. need B. shall C. may D. can3._ you please tell me the way to the library?A. Would B. Should C. Must D. Need4. He didnt go to the library last Sunday, or I _ him.A. would see B. could meetC. might have seen D. might see5.-Do you h

39、ave to leave now?-Im sorry, but I really_.A. cant B. have C. should D. must6. The classroom is empty. They _ be reading there now.A. mustntB. cantC. mustD. should7.-Remember to attend the meeting.-I _.A. doB. will C. cantD. would8.-I was waiting for you this time yesterday.-Sorry, I _ you to tell yo

40、u that I couldnt come.A. must have calledB. would have been callingC. could have been callingD. should have called9. We _ not to make so much noise in the lab.A. needB. dareC. can D. ought10. You _ have come here yesterday, _ you?A. mustnt , didB. couldnt, hasC. must, haventD. must, didnt11. Wheneve

41、r I was not at home, my child _watch TV.10A. willB. wouldC. were toD. were going to12.-He must have gone to dining-room.-No, he _. I saw him on the playground just now.A. mustntB. needntC. couldnt D. hadnt13. The girl _ a tree.A. dares not climbB. dares not to climbC. dare not to climbD. doesnt dare

42、 to climb14.-My goodness. I just missed the train.-Thats to bad. I am sure you _ it, if you had hurried.A. could have caughtB. had caughtC. could catch D. could caught15. He left yesterday, so he _ in Beijing.A. may arriveB. may have arrivedC. must arrive D. arrives16. Since she is angry, we _.A. ha

43、d better to leave her aloneB. should leave her aloneC. might as well leave her aloneD. must leave her alone17. Why _ you always interrupt me?A. canB. will C. may D. must18. She quickened her pace in order that she _ with the others.A. may catch upB. might catch up1123.B. ShouldA. May24. Her eyes wer

44、e red. SheC. CouldD. WouldA. must cry25. He must be from the north,B. must be criedC. may cry _ he?D. must have been cryingA. mustntB. needntC. isntD. may notD. will swim across the river.D. ought toD. have toD. WouldC. could have caught upD. might have caught up19. You have cut the material in the

45、wrong place. It ought _ just here but it wasnt.A. to cutB. to be cut C. to be cutting D. to have been cut20.-Could I use your pen?-Of course you _.A. canB. could C. may D. mustnt21. We neednt _ to the dinner but we wanted to help Mary, so we went.A. have goneB. go C. to go D. went22. Well get someon

46、e to take good care of the old grandpa. You _ worry about him.A. havent toB. dont have to C. cant D. will notit be true that Albert passed the test in geography?26. Because the girl took up rigorous training, sheA. was able to B. canC. could27. If he _ come to the party on my birthday, I will be ver

47、y happy.A. mustB. shouldC. will28. It is strange that they _ go there.A. canB. should C. would29. _ he open the window?-Yes, please.A. ShallB. Will C. Can30. They demanded that they _ have a rest.A. must B. would C. shouldD. might答案與提示：1. B 題意為：我們有足夠的時間，我們沒必要跑這么快。2. B 題意為：讓我妹妹在哪里等你呢？在教室里嗎？在疑問句中，當主語是第一或第三人 稱時，我們可以用情態(tài)動詞 shall 表示征求對方意見。其他三個選項僅表示 可能性或必要性 。3. A 情態(tài)動詞 would 能用來表示說話人向對方提出請求或詢問，語氣比 will 婉轉的多。題 意為：您能告訴我去圖書館怎么走嗎。4. C 情態(tài)動詞加完成時表示對過去的事情的推測。 他上周一沒去圖書館，否則我可能就看到他了 。5. D 回答have to的疑問句，可以用 must做肯定回答。A、C兩項所答非所問，B項缺to。6. B對進行的動作進行推測，用