建筑結(jié)構(gòu)英語常用詞匯[共36頁]

1、建筑、結(jié)構(gòu)專業(yè)常用英文詞匯總體設(shè)計(jì)Building orientation建筑間距General design設(shè)計(jì)依據(jù) Building distance公頃 Design basis建筑紅線 Hectare指北針 Building line建筑系數(shù) North arrow測北 Coefficient of building occupation界區(qū) Geophical north建北 Battery limited有效面積Plant north氣象 Effective area使用面積 MeteorologyUsable area日照結(jié)構(gòu)面積Sunshine Structural area

2、天然采光建筑面積 Natural lightingBuilding area人工照明 建筑面積密度 Artificant light; artificial illuminationDensity of building area照度豎向布置 Degree of illuminationVertical planning 通風(fēng)高程 VentilationAltitude 正壓通風(fēng)等高線 Positive ventilatingContour line噪聲相對(duì)標(biāo)高Noise Relative elevation隔聲絕對(duì)標(biāo)高 Sound insulationAbsolute altitude吸聲地

3、震基本烈度Sound absorptionBasic earthquake intensity保溫隔熱 抗震設(shè)防烈度Heat insulationFortification intensity露點(diǎn)風(fēng)玫瑰 DewpointWind rose冷橋建筑朝向2 Cold-bridge Module; modulus遮陽 裙房Sunshade Skirt building恒溫恒濕 樓梯Constant temperature & constant humidity Stair消聲 梯段Noise elimination; noise reduction Stair slab樓梯平臺(tái)防振Stair lan

4、dingantivibration安全出口4.2 建筑一般詞匯Safety exitConventional terms of architecture疏散樓梯方案Escape staircaseScheme; draft樓梯間草圖Stair wellSketch封閉樓梯間透視圖Enclosure staircasePerspective drawing防煙樓梯間建筑構(gòu)圖Smoke prevention stair wellArchitectural composition消防電梯間坐標(biāo)Emergency elevators wellCoordinate自動(dòng)扶梯縱坐標(biāo)EscalatorOrdi

5、nate中庭橫坐標(biāo)AtriumAbscissa疏散走道跨度Escape corridor; escape waySpan耐火等級(jí)開關(guān)Fire-resistive gradeBay生產(chǎn)類別進(jìn)深Classification of productionDepth耐火極限層高Duration of fire-resistanceFloor height防火間距凈高File-break distanceClear height; headroom泄壓面積橫數(shù)Area of pressure release3 悶頂 Gable; gable wall防火墻 Mezanine; mezzanine磚標(biāo)號(hào) F

6、ire wall壓頂 Grade of brick; strength of brick承重墻Coping勾縫 Bearing wall非承重墻 Pointing磚砌平拱 Non-bearing wall擋土墻 Brick flat arch預(yù)埋件 Retaining wall填充墻 Embedded inserts直抓梯 Filler wall圍護(hù)墻 Ladder欄桿 Curtain wall; cladding wall; enclosure wall女兒墻 Railing防腐蝕 Parapet wall隔墻 Corrosion resistant; Anticorrosion化學(xué)溶蝕 P

7、artition（浴室、廁所）隔斷 Chemical erosion膨脹腐蝕 Stall窗間墻 Expansion corrosion化學(xué)腐蝕 Pier墻垛 Chemical corrosion電化學(xué)腐蝕 Pillar過梁 Electro-chemical corrosion晶間腐蝕 Lintel圈梁 Intergranular corrosion氣相腐蝕 Gird; girt; girth防潮層 Gaseous corrosion液相腐蝕 Damp-proof course勒腳 Liquidoid corrosion固相腐蝕 Plinth橫梁 Solid corrosion腐蝕裕度Trans

8、verse beam縱橫 Allowance for corrosion銹蝕 Longitudinal wall山墻 rusting44.3 建筑材料 Block缸磚 Building materials級(jí)配砂石 guarry brick錦磚 Graded sand & gravel素土夯實(shí)mosac地面磚 Rammed earth灰土 paving brick防滑地磚 Lime-soil素混凝土 non-slip brick耐酸磚（板） Plain concrete鋼筋混凝土 acidbrick (acidtile)膠泥 Reinforced concrete(R.C)細(xì)石混凝土 masti

9、c粘土瓦 Fine aggregate concrete輕質(zhì)混凝土 Cloy tile玻璃瓦 Lightweight concrete加氣混凝土 enamelled tile波形鍍鋅鋼板 Aerocrete; Aerocrete concrete陶粒混凝土 galvanized corrugate steel sheet玻璃鋼瓦 Ceramsite concrete水泥膨脹珍珠巖 glass-fiber reinforced plastic tile彩色壓型鋼（鉛）板 Cement & expended pearlite巖棉 coloured corrugate steel (aluminiu

10、m) plat; profiuing coloured stccl (aluminium) platMineral wool; mine wool 石棉水泥瓦瀝青 ashestos-cement sheetasphalt 水磨石卷材 terrajjoFelt 水刷石瑪蹄脂 granite plasterAsphalt mastic 花崗石粘土磚graniteClay brick 磨光花崗石釉面磚polished granitePorcelain enamel brick 剁斧石空心磚 artificial stoneHollow brick 大理石砌塊5 marble reinforced g

11、lass水泥砂漿抹面 鍍膜玻璃cement plaster coating glass石灰砂漿抹面 有機(jī)玻璃lime plaster organic glass水泥石灰砂漿抹面 4.4 建筑構(gòu)造及配件cement-lime plaster Building construction & component刀灰打底 鋪砌hemp-cut and lime as base paving原木 地坪Log grade方木 基層square timber bedding板材 素土夯實(shí)plank rammed earth膠合板 墊層plywood base三夾板 結(jié)合層3plywood bonding c

12、ourse五夾板 面層5plywood Covering平板玻璃 隔離層flat glass insulation course浮法玻璃 活動(dòng)地板float-process glass raising floor; movable floor; access floor磨砂玻璃篦子板 ground glass; frosted glass起 玻璃 grating地面提示塊 prism glass夾絲玻璃 ground prompt遮陽板 Wire glasssunshade夾層玻璃 窗套sandwich glass Window moulding中空玻璃 護(hù)角hollow glass curb

13、 guard鋼化玻璃 防水層6 water-proof course雨罩找平層canopyLeveling course散水隔熱層apronheat insulation course坡道保溫層rampthermal insulation course臺(tái)階檁條entrance stepspurlin保溫門天窗thermal insulation doorskylight隔聲門（窗）天棚sound insulation door (window);ceiling acoustical door (window)吊頂 防火門（窗）suspending ceiling fire door (wind

14、ow)吊頂龍骨 冷藏門ceiling joist freezer door雨水口 安全門drain gulley exit door水斗 防護(hù)門（窗）Lead head protection door (window)雨水管 屏蔽門（窗）Leader; downspout Shield door (window)天溝 防風(fēng)砂門Valley radiation resisting door (window)挑檐 密閉門（窗）overhanging eave weather tight door檐口 泄壓門（窗）eave pressure release door (window)泛水 壁柜門fl

15、ashing closet door分水線 變壓器間門watershed transformer room door檐溝 圍墻門eave gutter gate匯水面積 車庫門catchment area garage door7 保險(xiǎn)門 door with side window傳遞窗 safe door引風(fēng)門 delivery window觀察窗 ventilation door檢修門observation window換氣窗 access door平開門（窗） vent sast上懸窗 side-hung door推拉門（窗） top-hung window中懸窗 sliding doo

16、r彈簧門 center-pivoted window下懸窗 swing door折迭門 bottom-hung window立轉(zhuǎn)窗 folding door卷簾門 vertically pivoted window固定窗 rolling door轉(zhuǎn)門 fixed window單層窗 revolving door夾板門 single window雙層窗 plywood door拼板門 double window百頁窗 FLB door (framed, Ledged and batteneddoor); shuttermatchboard door帶形窗實(shí)拼門continuous windows

17、olid door子母扇窗鑲板門attached sash windowpanel door組合窗鑲玻璃門composite windowglazed door落地窗玻璃門French windowglass door玻璃幕墻鋼木門glazed curtain wallsteel & wooden door門（窗）框百頁門door (window) frameshutter door拼樘料連窗門transom （橫）， mullion （豎）8 門（窗）扇 4.5 建筑結(jié)構(gòu)door (window) leaf Building structure(平開窗扇 casement sash) 4.5

18、.1 荷載紗扇Load活荷載 screen sash亮子 Live load靜荷載，恒載 transom, fanlight門心板 Dead load靜力荷載 pancl披水板 Static load移動(dòng)荷載 weather board貼臉板 Moving load動(dòng)力荷載 trim筒子板 Dynamic load沖擊荷載 Lining窗臺(tái)板 impact load附加荷載 sill plate防護(hù)鐵柵 Superimposed load規(guī)定荷載（又稱標(biāo)準(zhǔn)荷載） barricade; iron grille; grating合頁 Specified Load集中荷載 butts; hinges

19、; butt hinges執(zhí)手 Concentrated Load分布荷載 knob撐檔Distributed Load設(shè)計(jì)荷載 catch滑道 Design Load軸向荷載 sliding track插銷 Axial Load偏心荷載 bolt拉手 Eccentric Load風(fēng)荷載 pull推板Wind Load風(fēng)力、風(fēng)壓 push plate門鎖 Wind force 、Wind Pressuremortice lock; door lock雪荷載執(zhí)手鎖Snow Loadmortice lock with knob屋面積灰荷載9 Roof ash Load人工地基（吊車）最大輪壓Art

20、ificial groundMaximum Wheel Load混凝土基礎(chǔ)吊車荷載Concrete foundation; Concrete footingCrane Load毛石基礎(chǔ)安裝荷載Rubble masonry footing;Erection Load (Rubble) stone footing施工荷載 磚基礎(chǔ)Construction Load Brickwork footing不對(duì)稱荷載 樁基礎(chǔ)Unsymmetrical Loading Pile foundation重復(fù)荷載 設(shè)備基礎(chǔ)Repeated Load Equipment foundation剛性荷載 機(jī)器基礎(chǔ)Rigi

21、d Load Machine foundation柔性荷載 獨(dú)立基礎(chǔ)Flexible Load Individual footing, Isolated foundation臨界荷載Pad foundation聯(lián)合基礎(chǔ) Critical Load容許荷載 Combined footing大塊式基礎(chǔ) Admissible Load, Allowable Load safe Load極限荷載 Massive foundation條形基礎(chǔ) Ultimate Load條形荷載 Strip foundation; Strip footing Strap footing; Continuous footi

22、ngStrip Load 方形基礎(chǔ)破壞荷載Square footing Failure Load, Load at failure 杯形基礎(chǔ)地震荷載Footing socket Seismic Load; Earthquake load 板式基礎(chǔ)荷載組合 Slab-foundation; Mat footingCombination of load階梯形基礎(chǔ) 4.5.2 地基和基礎(chǔ) Stepped foundation; Benched foundationSoil and foundation(Stepped footing) 地基擴(kuò)展基礎(chǔ)(Bed)soilspread footing天然地

23、基擴(kuò)底基礎(chǔ)Natural ground10 Under-reamed foundation Wood pile; Timber pile浮伐基地 鋼筋混凝土樁Raft foundation; Buoyant foundation Reinforced concrete pileFloating foundation砂樁沉箱（井）基礎(chǔ)Sand pileCaisson foundation石灰樁構(gòu)架式基礎(chǔ)Lime pile; Lime column; Quicklime pileFrame foundation單樁深基礎(chǔ)Single pileDeep foundation群樁基礎(chǔ)Pile grou

24、p; Pile clusterFooting Foundation斜樁基槽Batter pileFoundation ditch; Foundation trench預(yù)制樁基坑precast pileFoundation pit灌注樁基礎(chǔ)板In-situ pile; Cast-in-place pileFoundation slab Cast-in-situ pile; Filling pile基礎(chǔ)梁 板樁Foundation beam Footing beam sheet pile基礎(chǔ)底面 拆密樁Foundation base Compaction pile基礎(chǔ)底板 擠密砂樁Foundati

25、on mat Sand compaction pile基礎(chǔ)墊層 灰土擠密樁Foundation-bed Line-soil compaction pile基礎(chǔ)埋置深度 鉆孔樁Depth of embedment foundation Bored pile地下連續(xù)墻 打入樁Undelground continuous wall Driuen pile打樁 摩擦樁Pile driving Friction pile; Buoyant pile打樁機(jī) 端承樁Pile engine; Pile driver; Ram mactuine End bearing pile; Point bearing p

26、ile;鋼樁 Column pile ( 柱樁）Steel pile支承樁水樁Bearing pile11 抗拔樁 靜止土壓力Tension pile; Uplift pile; Earth pressure at rest抗滑樁 容許地耐力Anti-slicle pile Allowable bearing strength樁承臺(tái) 冰凍深度Pile cap Frozen depth; Frost depth;樁帽 Frost penetration depth of frost penetration防凍深度 Pile cap; pile couel樁頭 Frost-proof depth粘

27、土類土 Pile crown; pile head樁端 Clayey soil輕亞粘土 Pile tip樁身 Sandy loam亞粘土 Pile shaft樁距 Sandy clay; Loam砂質(zhì)土 Pile spacing樁鋼筋籠 Sandy soil砂礫石 Pile cage試樁 Sandy gravel stratum膨脹土 Test pile樁荷載試驗(yàn) Expansive soil硬質(zhì)土，硬盤巖，硬土層 Pile load test樁的動(dòng)荷載試驗(yàn) Hard pan液限 Dynamic load test of pile樁的側(cè)向荷載試驗(yàn) Liquid limit塑限 Lateral

28、pile load test樁的極限荷載 Plastic limit塑料指數(shù) Ultimate pile load樁承載能力 Index of plasticity松軟土 Pile capacity; Bearing capacity of a pileCarrying capacity of a pile Mellow soil; spongy soil土壓力 回填土Earth pressure Backfill Refilling主動(dòng)土壓力 雜填土Active earth pressure Miscellaneous fill被動(dòng)土壓力 地表水Passive earth pressure

29、Surface water;12 地下水 Compacted lift持力層 Groundwater地下水位 Bearing stratum; Supporting; Course管道與基礎(chǔ)相碰 Groundwater eltualion;Groundwater level; Groundwater table Pipeline interferes with foundation容重 4.5.3 一般結(jié)構(gòu)用語Unit weight Terms for general structures干容重 建筑結(jié)構(gòu)Dry unit weight Building structure濕容重 建筑物Wet

30、unit weight Building飽和容重 結(jié)構(gòu)形式Saturated unit weight Structural type不均勻沉降 混凝土（砼）結(jié)構(gòu)Unequal settlement; Concrete structureDifferential settlement砌體結(jié)構(gòu)地基處理Masonry structureGround treatment磚砌結(jié)構(gòu)地基加固Brick structureGround stabilization; soil improvement石砌結(jié)構(gòu)土質(zhì)查勘Stone structureSoil exploration磚砼結(jié)構(gòu)地質(zhì)勘察Brick and

31、concrete structureGeological exploration鋼結(jié)構(gòu)沉陷Steel structureSettlement結(jié)構(gòu)型鋼傾斜Shape steelobliquity; Inclination木結(jié)構(gòu)滑移Timber structureSliding組合結(jié)構(gòu)夯實(shí)土Composite structureCompacted soil框架結(jié)構(gòu)夯實(shí)填土Frame structureCompacted fill梁板結(jié)構(gòu)夯實(shí)回填土Beam and slab structureTamped backfill構(gòu)件夯實(shí)分層厚度Member13 承重構(gòu)件 Girder主梁 Load-bea

32、ring member結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)件 Principal beam; Primary beam次梁 Structure member肋形屋蓋Secondary beam加腋梁 Ribbed roof肋形樓板 Haunched beam筒支梁 Ribbed floor slab無梁樓板 Simply beam固端梁 Flat plate; Flat slab桁架；屋架 Fixed beam懸臂梁 Truss; Roof truss三角形屋（桁）架 Cantilever beam連續(xù)梁 Triangular truss梯形屋（桁）架 Continuous beam托梁 Trapezoidal truss

33、拱形屋架 Spandrel圈梁 Arch roof truss折線形屋架 girth過梁 Segmental roof truss弓形桁架 Lintel曲梁 Bowstring truss框架 Curved beam bow beam基礎(chǔ)梁 Frame排架 Foundation beam吊車梁 Bent frame剛架 Crane girderT形梁 Rigid frame門架 T-beam柱 Portal frame抗風(fēng)構(gòu)架 Column組合柱 Wind frame抗震構(gòu)架 Combination column立柱Aseismic frame梁 Post吊車柱 Beam; Girder大梁

34、Crane column14 抗風(fēng)柱 壓桿End panel column Compression member; strut墻 拉桿wall Tension member; Tie-beam板 腹桿slab plate Web member承重墻 斜桿Bearing walls Diagonal member柱網(wǎng) 斜腹桿Column grid Diagonal web member吊桿支撐系統(tǒng)Hanged rod; sag rodBrace system系桿，拉桿柱間支撐Tie bar; sag rodPortal bracing between columns天窗架屋石支撐Skylight

35、 frameRoof bracing天窗垂直支撐Monitor; SkylightVertical bracing托座、牛腿水平支撐BracketHorizontal bracing檀條剪刀撐PurlinCross bracing連接臨時(shí)頂撐 ,支撐ConnectionShoring接點(diǎn)桁架式支撐JointTrussed bracing鉸接點(diǎn)斜撐Hinged pointKneel-brace固接點(diǎn)上弦Fixed JointTop chord安裝接點(diǎn)下弦Erection jointBottom chord拼接接點(diǎn)節(jié)間Splice jointPanel節(jié)點(diǎn)板、連接板節(jié)點(diǎn)Gusset plate;

36、connecting platePanel point加勁板15 Stiffener plate結(jié)構(gòu)分析支撐板Structural analysisBearing plate結(jié)構(gòu)計(jì)算填隙板Structural calculationFiller plate靜定結(jié)構(gòu)梁柱接頭Statically determinate structuresBeam-column connections超靜定結(jié)構(gòu)截面Statically indeterminste structuresCross section精確計(jì)算拱Rigorous calculationArch近似計(jì)算殼Approximate calcula

37、tionShell安全等級(jí)伸縮縫Safety classesExpansion joint極限狀態(tài)沉降縫Limit statesSettlement joint摩擦系數(shù)施工縫Coefficient of frictionConstruction joint質(zhì)量密度防震縫Mass densityAseismic joint4.5.4 結(jié)構(gòu)理論用語重力密度Terms for theory of slructures Weight (Force) densitya) 設(shè)計(jì)方法術(shù)語 b) 結(jié)構(gòu)的作用效應(yīng)術(shù)語Terms for design method軸向力結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)Normal forceStruct

38、ure design剪力按極限強(qiáng)度設(shè)計(jì)Shear forceUltimate strength design彎矩按許可應(yīng)力設(shè)計(jì)Bending momentWorking stress design扭矩按承載能力設(shè)計(jì)TorqueLoading capacity design水平推力按穩(wěn)定性設(shè)計(jì)Horizontal thrustDesign according to stability水平拉力按變形設(shè)計(jì)Horizontal pullDesign according to deformation水平（垂直）分力16 Horizontal (vertical) component抗壓強(qiáng)度合力Compr

39、essiue strengthResultant抗拉強(qiáng)度正應(yīng)力Tensile strengthNormal stress抗剪強(qiáng)度剪應(yīng)力Shear strengthShear stress抗變強(qiáng)度主應(yīng)力Flcxural strengthPrincipal stress抗扭強(qiáng)度次應(yīng)力Torsional strengthSecondary stress抗裂強(qiáng)度預(yù)應(yīng)力Cracking strengthPrestress屈服強(qiáng)度位移Yield strengthDisplacement疲勞強(qiáng)度撓度Fatigue strengthDeflection彈性模量變形Modulus of elasticityDe

40、formation剪切模量彎曲Shear modulusBending; Flexure變形模量扭轉(zhuǎn)Modulus of deformationTorsion穩(wěn)定性Stabilithc) 材料性能、結(jié)構(gòu)抗力術(shù)語泊松比Terms of property of material and resistamle Poisson ratioof structure抗力d) 幾何參數(shù)術(shù)語ResistanccTerma of geometry parameter抵抗力矩 截面高度Resistante moment Height of section強(qiáng)度截面有效高度StrengthEffective dept

41、h of section剛度載面寬度Stiffness; Rigidity Breadth of section抗裂度截面厚度Crack resistanceThickness of section17 截面面積 cement-lime mortar砂漿找平 Area of section截面面積矩 Mortar leveling4.5.6 鋼筋砼結(jié)構(gòu) First moment of area截面慣性矩Reinforced concrete structure素混凝土 Second moment of area截面抵抗矩模量規(guī)范中用詞 Plain concrete鋼筋混凝土 Section m

42、odulus回轉(zhuǎn)半徑 Reinforced concrete預(yù)應(yīng)力砼 Radius of gyration偏心距 Prestressed concrete砼標(biāo)號(hào) eccentricity長度 Grade of concrete鋼號(hào) Length跨度 Grade of steel整體式結(jié)構(gòu) Span矢高 Monolithic structure裝配式結(jié)構(gòu) Rvse長細(xì)比 Assembled structure預(yù)制構(gòu)件 Slenderness ratio4.5.5 磚石結(jié)構(gòu) Precast element; Fabricated element現(xiàn)澆 Masonry construction磚砌體 Cast-in-site; Placed-in-site澆灌砼 Brickwork砌筑 Concreting; Costion; Pouring; Placing一次澆灌 Laying磚標(biāo)號(hào) At one pouring分二次澆灌 Grade of brick; Strength of brick毛石砌體 Pours in two operations二次灌漿 Rubble masonry毛石砼砌體 Final g