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1、論文題目:我國酸奶營養(yǎng)質(zhì)量價(jià)值分析姓 名: 專 業(yè): 論文提交日期: 年 月 日i我國酸奶營養(yǎng)質(zhì)量價(jià)值分析摘 要酸奶對人體健康具有重要的意義,不僅提供豐富的蛋白質(zhì)和鈣,而且其中的活性肽和其他營養(yǎng)成分對機(jī)體有很好的調(diào)節(jié)作用。本文簡要介紹了酸奶的營養(yǎng)成分、營養(yǎng)價(jià)值及其對人體的保健功能。關(guān)鍵詞:酸奶;營養(yǎng)價(jià)值;保健功能analysis of yogurt nutrition quality value in chinaabstractyogurt has an important significance to human health, not only rich in protein and c

2、alcium, and the active peptides and other nutrients have a good regulatory role on human body. this paper briefly introduces the nutritional content of yogurt, nutritional value and function of the human bodys health.keywords: yogurt; nutrition; health function南方醫(yī)科大學(xué)2013屆高等教育自學(xué)考試畢業(yè)論文(設(shè)計(jì)) 目 錄analysis

3、 of yogurt nutrition quality value in chinaii目 錄iii緒 言11酸奶12 酸奶的營養(yǎng)價(jià)值分析12.1酸奶的營養(yǎng)價(jià)值12.2酸奶的營養(yǎng)分析33 酸奶的保健功能33.1 預(yù)防腸道疾病43.2 預(yù)防心血管疾病43.3 具有防衰老和延年益壽功效43.4 酸奶具有防癌的效果44 酸奶的購買導(dǎo)向54.1 注意區(qū)分酸奶和乳酸飲料54.2 酸奶選購還需注意54.3 避免酸奶越濃稠質(zhì)量就越好的購買誤區(qū)5結(jié)論6附錄一 外文資料原文7yogurt nutritional value and medical care function7milk into yogurt,

4、 milk composition in lactobacillus7yogurt dried lactic acid bacterial substances containing 1%8with activity of many enzymes in the formation of lactic acid bacteria fermentation8nutrition and health function of yogurt8the whole intestinal function8to protect the liver and kidney function9to prevent

5、 constipation and diarrhea, reduce intestinal gas production9beauty health effects9therapeutic effect of yogurt on disease9effect on the treatment of cancer9effect on the treatment of gastropathy10the role of adjuvant therapy for diabetes mellitus10外文資料譯文111酸奶的營養(yǎng)價(jià)值111.2牛乳做成酸奶后,乳中成分在乳酸菌所111.3酸奶干物質(zhì)中含有

6、1%的乳酸菌菌體物121.4乳酸菌發(fā)酵中形成許多具有活性的酶類122酸奶的營養(yǎng)保健作用123酸奶對疾病的治療作用1314文獻(xiàn)綜述酵奶是利用微生物對牛乳的乳酸發(fā)酵作用而得到的發(fā)酵乳制品, 它以其獨(dú)特的風(fēng)味和很高的營養(yǎng)保健功能受到消費(fèi)者的青睞, 尤其適合作為嬰幼兒輔助食品和老年人食品。近年來, 酸奶生產(chǎn)在我國發(fā)展很快, 銷售量也逐年上升。本文簡要介紹酸奶的營養(yǎng)價(jià)值和保健功能以供參考。 酸奶是以牛乳為原料經(jīng)滅菌、冷卻、接種而制成的產(chǎn)品。由于乳酸菌的發(fā)酵作用, 使其營養(yǎng)成分比牛乳更趨完善, 更易消化吸收。酸奶中的碳水化合物容易消化牛乳中的碳水化合物以乳糖為主, 約占, 制成酸奶后約有變?yōu)槿樗峒捌渌袡C(jī)

7、酸如苯甲酸、檸檬酸、醋酸等。酸奶中的碳水化合物易消化牛奶中的碳水化合物以乳糖為主,制成酸奶后約有30變?yōu)槿樗峒捌渌袡C(jī)酸,乳糖還有部分分解成葡萄糖和半乳糖,除供給能源外,半乳糖可參與腦苷脂和神經(jīng)物質(zhì)的合成,有助于嬰幼兒腦和神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)的發(fā)育。同時(shí),酸奶產(chǎn)生的酸味物質(zhì)又具有以下功能:增加乳的爽口風(fēng)味;抑制堿性細(xì)菌的生長和繁殖;促進(jìn)胃腸蠕動(dòng)及胃液和胰液的分泌,提高人體的消化功能;提高機(jī)體對鈣、磷、鐵的吸收利用。酸奶中的蛋白質(zhì)易被吸收,酸奶在發(fā)酵過程中,蛋白質(zhì)分解成短鍵的酞和游離氨基酸,變得容易受消化酶作用。同時(shí),牛乳中的乳糖分解成了乳酸,酸度的增加,使牛乳中的蛋白質(zhì)沉淀下來,形成了有彈性的乳白色凝乳,

8、這些變化,使酸奶中的蛋白質(zhì)變得易于人體消化和吸收。酸奶中約含3的脂肪,其脂肪球小,易于消化;低級脂肪酸含量高而容易代謝;必須脂肪酸含量較多;乳脂中的磷脂能促進(jìn)脂肪乳化,調(diào)節(jié)膽固醇濃度。另外, 酸奶中脂類因受乳酸菌脂酶的作用, 不僅產(chǎn)生少量的游離脂肪酸,而且脂肪的構(gòu)造發(fā)生變化, 易于消化吸收。改善礦物質(zhì)代謝,調(diào)節(jié)機(jī)體微量元素平衡,酸奶中所含的鈣、磷、鐵、維生素、氨基酸等是機(jī)體的重要營養(yǎng)成分,其中磷是骨骼的重要組成成分;鈣是牛奶中含量最高的礦物質(zhì),可以促進(jìn)幼兒骨骼發(fā)育,防止老年骨質(zhì)疏松癥。另外,酸奶中還含有豐富的脂溶性維生素,如v a 、v e 、v d ,由于乳酸菌的發(fā)酵作用,可合成大量的b族維

9、生素,如b1、b2、b3,同時(shí)vd可以促進(jìn)機(jī)體對鈣的吸收。酸奶還有保健功能:酸奶由于乳酸菌的發(fā)酵作用, 在營養(yǎng)成分得到改善的同時(shí), 也產(chǎn)生了一些 生理活性物質(zhì)如有機(jī)酸、芳香物質(zhì)、抗生物質(zhì)、細(xì)胞壁外多糖、活性酸、乳酸菌增殖因子及乳酸菌等, 對機(jī)體功能有顯著的調(diào)節(jié)作用, 達(dá)到防病治病的功能。在人的腸道內(nèi)生存著許多細(xì)菌,包括對機(jī)體有益和有害的兩大類群。,在正常情況下, 腸道內(nèi)的有益菌占多數(shù), 這稱為腸道菌群的平衡狀態(tài), 由于某種因素過度疲勞、過食、偏食、服用化學(xué)藥品等使腸內(nèi)菌群混亂時(shí), 有害菌占據(jù)優(yōu)勢, 從而導(dǎo)致疾病的發(fā)展,食用酸奶可增加有益菌群, 保證人體健康, 使腸內(nèi)菌群的平衡起有益作用。腸道菌

10、群中, 存在有產(chǎn)生氨、吲哚、酚類、硫化氫、二甲胺等腐敗產(chǎn)物的細(xì)菌, 這些物質(zhì)對細(xì)胞有毒性, 是誘發(fā)腸道疾病如便秘、鼓脹、腹痛等的原因, 對此一般采用抗生素治療, 而抗生素對腸道菌群平衡有破壞作用, 在殺滅有害菌的同時(shí), 有益菌亦遭受破壞。若長期食用酸奶, 調(diào)整腸道菌群, 使腐敗有毒物質(zhì)大大減少, 則可達(dá)到預(yù)防與治療的目的。酸奶能降低血清中膽固醇含量, 預(yù)防心血管疾病,研究還證明, 食用酸奶能使血清中膽固醇含量降低, 這是由于乳酸菌可在腸道內(nèi)吸附, 繁殖, 從而干擾了小腸壁對膽固醇的吸附, 也有人認(rèn)為是微生物細(xì)胞吸收了膽固醉, 通過微生物代謝將膽固醇轉(zhuǎn)化為膽酸及膽汁酸而排出體外。酸奶具有防衰老和

11、延年益壽之功效,引起機(jī)體衰老的原因很多, 一般認(rèn)為是由于自由基的過量產(chǎn)生及誘導(dǎo)的氧化反應(yīng)使生物膜受損, 酶反應(yīng)活性降低, 細(xì)胞功能損害。自由基活性越強(qiáng), 細(xì)胞損傷得就越厲害, 機(jī)體衰老得就越快,而酸奶中由于有sod及其它類抗氧化物質(zhì), 可消除自由基阻止老化的發(fā)生,因此, 在高齡化社會(huì)即將到來之際, 酸奶制品作為老年人食品更具意義。 腸道中有害菌產(chǎn)生的酚類、吲哚、亞硝酸、亞硝胺等物質(zhì)具有強(qiáng)致癌性,而通過乳酸菌作用,可調(diào)整腸內(nèi)菌群,抑制有害菌過量生成,同時(shí)降低了有害物質(zhì)(致癌誘變劑)的濃度,減少了癌變發(fā)生率。試驗(yàn)還證實(shí),食用酸奶后,酸奶中乳酸菌對體內(nèi)的巨噬細(xì)胞有激活作用,增強(qiáng)了機(jī)體的免疫力,所以酸

12、奶有抑制癌變的作用。此外,牛乳中含有的一種反式脂肪酸即共軛亞油酸,有抗氧化、清除氧自由基作用,可有效地抑制乳癌、皮膚癌等疾病的發(fā)生發(fā)展。綜上所述, 酸奶是一種對人體有眾多好處的營養(yǎng)食品, 在人們生活水平不斷提高的今天, 不妨多飲用一些酸奶。緒 言酸奶是由高品質(zhì)的純草原鮮奶糖均勻,發(fā)酵乳制品的超高溫滅菌后的乳酸菌發(fā)酵使后。在發(fā)酵過程中,在酸凝固的草原鮮奶酪蛋白,成為有彈性的血塊,色白,味道芳香,酸甜。酸牛奶一般分為原味和果香型2。除了添加糖原味酸奶,不添加其他成分,保持原味酸奶;水果酸奶發(fā)酵后加入到紙漿或果汁混合而成的,除了具有奶香,也有水果的營養(yǎng)和味道。近年來,酸奶的生產(chǎn)在中國發(fā)展十分迅速,銷

13、售額也逐年增加,其營養(yǎng)價(jià)值和保健功能的酸甜口感順滑、高倍受消費(fèi)者青睞,專家說這是“第二十一世紀(jì)食品”,是一個(gè)獨(dú)特的功能的食品。1酸奶酸奶是用保加利亞乳桿菌(lactobacillus bulgaricus)和嗜熱鏈球菌(streptococcus thermophilus)等發(fā)酵產(chǎn)生的一種凝固奶制品,含有大量活的乳酸菌(lab)。lab是人及動(dòng)物腸道中極為重要的生理菌群之一,它們對人、畜機(jī)體有益無害,與機(jī)體的多種生理功能有著密切的關(guān)系。首先,酸奶可以增加營養(yǎng)素吸收:酸奶不但保存了原來鮮奶的一切營養(yǎng)素,而且乳酸使蛋白質(zhì)結(jié)成微細(xì)的凝乳,能增加消化吸收率。其次酸奶中的維生素c含量也較高,而某些乳酸菌

14、能合成維生素c,所以相比于牛奶,酸奶里的維生素c含量較高。再次,酸奶的乳酸含量高,乳酸菌還能分解奶中的乳糖,形成乳酸,所以對于那些缺乏乳糖酶喝了鮮牛奶容易腹瀉的人群,選擇酸奶則較為合適。某些缺少胃酸的人,吃了酸奶還能提高食欲,增進(jìn)消化。同時(shí),酸奶還有一定的保健作用:乳酸菌在酸奶中除產(chǎn)生有機(jī)酸之外,還能產(chǎn)生抗菌的物質(zhì),在腸道中能抑制腐敗細(xì)菌的繁殖,減少腐敗菌在腸中產(chǎn)生的毒素,起到比較好的保健作用。并有延緩衰老的功效。2 酸奶的營養(yǎng)價(jià)值分析2.1酸奶的營養(yǎng)價(jià)值酸奶的主要成分為牛奶。牛奶中含有乳糖、蛋白質(zhì)、ca和p及其它維生素、礦物質(zhì)等營養(yǎng)成分,牛乳中氨基酸的比例和種類與人體需要接近,易被人體消化,

15、所以營養(yǎng)價(jià)值較高。酸奶指以牛乳粉或牛乳為原料,部分脫脂、脫脂或不脫脂,經(jīng)發(fā)酵制成的產(chǎn)品;從配料及風(fēng)味上它可分為調(diào)味酸牛乳、純酸牛奶、果料酸牛乳三大類;從脂肪含量上分為全脂酸奶、高脂酸牛奶、低脂酸奶和脫脂酸奶;從制作工藝上又可分為凝固型和攪拌型兩大類,目前市場流行的是少量攪拌型和攪拌型酸奶。以上以消毒牛奶和酸奶為例,對酸奶營養(yǎng)成分進(jìn)行分析,并與鮮奶營養(yǎng)成分進(jìn)行比較,結(jié)果見表14。從表中可見,從鮮奶到酸奶,由乳酸菌所引起的變化主要是原鮮牛奶中所含乳糖量減少、增加了乳酸菌含量及乳酸菌產(chǎn)生的酶類、產(chǎn)生相當(dāng)數(shù)量的乳酸、發(fā)酵的副產(chǎn)物使之具有風(fēng)味和功效;而其營養(yǎng)成分,除脂肪、脂溶性維生素含量(經(jīng)脫脂)下降,

16、可溶性糖含量增加外,總的來看幾乎沒有發(fā)生明顯變化;人體所需的必需氨基酸,水溶性維生素含量及ca、zn、fe、se等礦物質(zhì)含量發(fā)酵前后雖相差無幾,但發(fā)酵的副產(chǎn)物產(chǎn)生了與風(fēng)味有關(guān)的揮發(fā)性物質(zhì)及游離氨基酸,增加了酸奶的香味和鮮味,使其口感濃厚細(xì)膩,酸甜適中,清香無異味;其營養(yǎng)指標(biāo)更適合老年人及青少年,儲藏時(shí)間相對較長,在市場競爭中處于一定的優(yōu)勢。表1 牛奶與酸奶成分比較(上海產(chǎn)) (%)成分牛奶(消毒)酸奶(全脫脂)水分89.788.7蛋白質(zhì)2.92.6脂肪3.00.4碳水化合物3.87.7灰分0.60.6表2 牛奶與酸奶中維生素含量比較(上海產(chǎn)) (g/100g)成分牛奶(消毒)酸奶(全脫脂)va

17、18微ve120vc20001000核黃素(b2)160130尼克酸100100硫胺素(b1)2020注:“”未檢出,“微”為痕跡量不等于零,“”為未測定。表3 牛奶與酸奶中礦物質(zhì)含量比較(上海產(chǎn)) (mg/100g)礦物質(zhì)牛奶(消毒)酸奶(全脫脂)k138141na10.1-ca8579mg93fe0.10.1mn0.030.02zn0.500.40cu0.010.01p7371se1.2510-31.4210-3表4 牛奶與酸奶中氨基酸含量比較(上海產(chǎn)) (g/100g)牛奶(消毒)酸奶(全脫脂)牛奶(消毒)酸奶(全脫脂)異亮氨酸*121103亮氨酸*221184賴氨酸*182167蛋氨酸

18、*-胱氨酸2426苯丙氨酸*11484酪氨酸11984蘇氨酸*9997色氨酸*-纈氨酸*153141精氨酸8576組氨酸6865丙氨酸8487天冬氨酸179182谷氨酸485492甘氨酸5048脯氨酸-194絲氨酸121121(*為人體必需氨基酸)2.2酸奶的營養(yǎng)分析由于酸奶除脂肪、脂溶性維生素含量(經(jīng)脫脂)下降,可溶性糖含量增加外,人體所需的必需水溶性維生素含量、氨基酸及ca、fe、zn、se等礦物質(zhì)含量等營養(yǎng)成分則幾乎沒有發(fā)生明顯變化,但其可食程度、口感、風(fēng)味卻明顯改善,更符合人們的飲食習(xí)慣。因此,經(jīng)常飲用酸奶,能促進(jìn)食欲,增強(qiáng)機(jī)體的代謝能力,增進(jìn)人體的健康。酸奶還是鈣的良好來源,雖然說酸

19、奶的營養(yǎng)成分取決于原料奶的來源和成分,但是一般說,酸奶比原料奶的成分都有所提高,一方面因?yàn)樵腺|(zhì)量的要求高,另一方面因?yàn)橛行┧崮讨谱髦屑尤肷倭磕谭?。所以一般來講,飲用一杯150克的酸奶,可以滿足10歲以下兒童一天所需鈣量的13、成人鈣量的15。多功能酸奶:酸奶能促進(jìn)消化液的分泌,增加胃酸,可以增強(qiáng)人的消化能力,促進(jìn)食欲;酸奶中的乳酸不僅可以使材料的堿性腸為弱酸性,但也能產(chǎn)生抗菌物質(zhì),對人體有保健作用;根據(jù)墨西哥營養(yǎng)專家們說,經(jīng)常喝酸奶可以防止貧血和癌癥,并可改善牛皮癬和緩解兒童營養(yǎng)不良;一些酸奶,乳酸菌能合成維生素c,隨著維生素c含量的增加而增加;在妊娠期的婦女,酸奶除了提供必要的能量,還提供

20、維生素、磷酸和葉酸;女性更年期,還可以抑制引起的骨質(zhì)疏松癥鈣;中老年人,吃酸奶可以糾正由于缺乏營養(yǎng)造成偏食;酸牛奶能抑制腸道細(xì)菌的生長,還含有活性物質(zhì)可以抑制膽固醇在體內(nèi)合成膽固醇還原酶,可以刺激免疫系統(tǒng),調(diào)動(dòng)身體的積極因素,有效地抵御癌癥,所以,經(jīng)常食用酸奶,可以增加營養(yǎng),預(yù)防和治療動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化,癌癥和冠狀動(dòng)脈心臟病,降低膽固醇。此外,酸奶有助于改善睡眠。美國研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn),發(fā)酵乳,乳酸菌分泌調(diào)節(jié)睡眠節(jié)律的影響,有助于提高睡眠質(zhì)量。據(jù)“美國經(jīng)濟(jì)新聞”報(bào)道,美國哈佛大學(xué)的教授,該研究小組yoshinori和led的井makotoji真正的大學(xué)教授發(fā)現(xiàn),發(fā)酵乳具有調(diào)節(jié)人體功能。實(shí)驗(yàn)動(dòng)物繼續(xù)飲用發(fā)酵

21、乳,會(huì)對睡眠和覺醒的腦激素分泌的調(diào)節(jié)起著重要的作用。研究人員認(rèn)為,睡眠和睡眠質(zhì)量差的人的困難,可以考慮發(fā)酵乳飲料的飲用,提高睡眠質(zhì)量的調(diào)節(jié)。3 酸奶的保健功能最近,醫(yī)學(xué)專家,在西班牙巴塞羅那舉行的“峰會(huì)上第三酸奶”,酸奶具有多種保健功能,它可以治療神經(jīng)性厭食癥,可以降低乳腺癌和結(jié)腸癌的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。酸奶,乳酸菌的發(fā)酵作用,在改善營養(yǎng)的同時(shí),也產(chǎn)生了一些生理活性物質(zhì),如芳香物質(zhì),有機(jī)酸,抗生素,細(xì)胞壁多糖,乳酸菌,活性酸和乳酸菌的增殖因子,在機(jī)體功能的調(diào)節(jié)發(fā)揮重要的顯著的作用,達(dá)到預(yù)防和治療疾病的作用。3.1 預(yù)防腸道疾病在人體的腸道內(nèi)生存著許多細(xì)菌,包括對機(jī)體有益和有害的兩大類群。在正常情況下,腸道內(nèi)

22、的有益菌占多數(shù),這稱為腸道菌群的平衡狀態(tài)。由于某種因素(過度過食、疲勞、偏食、服用化學(xué)藥品等)使腸內(nèi)菌群混亂時(shí),有害菌占據(jù)優(yōu)勢,從而導(dǎo)致疾病的發(fā)展。食用酸奶可增加有益菌數(shù)量,維持腸道菌群平衡。腸道菌群中,存在有產(chǎn)生吲哚、氨、硫化氫、酚類、二甲胺等腐敗產(chǎn)物的細(xì)菌,這些物質(zhì)對細(xì)胞有毒性,是誘發(fā)腸道疾病如鼓脹、便秘、腹痛等的原因,對此一般采用抗生素治療,而抗生素對腸道菌群平衡有破壞作用,在殺死有害菌的同時(shí),有益菌亦遭受破壞。酸奶中含有大量的乳酸菌,每天堅(jiān)持喝250500g,可以維持腸道正常菌叢平衡,調(diào)節(jié)腸道有益菌群達(dá)到正常水平,起到預(yù)防和治療作用,保障人體的健康。3.2 預(yù)防心血管疾病研究證明,食用

23、酸奶使血清中膽固醇含量降低,這是由于乳酸菌可在腸道內(nèi)繁殖、吸附,從而干擾了小腸壁對膽固醇的吸收,也有人認(rèn)為是微生物細(xì)胞吸收了膽固醇,通過微生物代謝將膽固醇轉(zhuǎn)化為膽酸及膽汁酸從而排出體外。3.3 具有防衰老和延年益壽功效引起機(jī)體衰老的原因很多,一般認(rèn)為是由于自由基的過量產(chǎn)生及誘導(dǎo)的氧化反應(yīng)使生物膜受損,酶反應(yīng)活性降低,細(xì)胞功能受到損害。自由基活性越強(qiáng),細(xì)胞損傷得就越厲害,機(jī)體衰老得就越快,而酸奶中由于有sod及其它類抗氧化物質(zhì),可消除自由基,阻止機(jī)體老化的發(fā)生,因此,在高齡化社會(huì)即將到來之際,酸奶制品作為老年人食品就更具有實(shí)際意義。3.4 酸奶具有防癌的效果腸道中有害菌產(chǎn)生的酚類、亞硝酸、吲哚、

24、亞硝胺等物質(zhì)具有強(qiáng)致癌性,而通過乳酸菌的作用,可調(diào)整腸內(nèi)的菌群,抑制有害菌過量的生成,同時(shí)降低了有害物質(zhì)(致癌誘變劑)濃度,減少了癌變的發(fā)生率。試驗(yàn)還證實(shí),食用酸奶過后,酸奶中乳酸菌對體內(nèi)的巨噬細(xì)胞具有激活作用,增強(qiáng)了機(jī)體免疫力,所以,酸奶有抑制癌變的作用。此外,牛乳中還有的一種反式脂肪酸即共軛亞油酸,有清除氧自由基、抗氧化作用,可有效地抑制皮膚癌、乳癌等疾病的發(fā)生發(fā)展。牛奶近乎是一種完美的食品,但從口味上仍有一些人不習(xí)慣它。酸奶是一種對人體有許多益處營養(yǎng)保健食品,在人們生活水平不斷提高的今天,應(yīng)適當(dāng)增加酸奶的食用.飲用,能增強(qiáng)機(jī)體健康4 酸奶的購買導(dǎo)向4.1 注意區(qū)分酸奶和乳酸飲料酸奶是由經(jīng)

25、過乳酸菌發(fā)酵而成的優(yōu)質(zhì)牛奶,本質(zhì)上屬于牛奶的范疇。酸奶需要被存儲在2溫度低至8,保質(zhì)期1個(gè)月.4.2 酸奶選購還需注意一是選擇一個(gè)更大的規(guī)模,產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量和服務(wù)質(zhì)量較好的知名企業(yè)的產(chǎn)品。由于規(guī)模較大的生產(chǎn)企業(yè)對原材料的質(zhì)量控制更嚴(yán)格,生產(chǎn)設(shè)備先進(jìn),企業(yè)管理水平高,產(chǎn)品的質(zhì)量得到保證。例如風(fēng)行,光明,燕塘,卡士等。二是消費(fèi),消費(fèi)應(yīng)該仔細(xì)品味的酸奶制品,應(yīng)純?nèi)樗岚l(fā)酵劑制成的酸奶異味,沒有味道,酒精發(fā)酵和其他外來的難聞氣味的氣味。4.3 避免酸奶越濃稠質(zhì)量就越好的購買誤區(qū)酸奶已經(jīng)成為健康飲品的代名詞,但很多人去超市挑選的時(shí)候,仍然存在誤區(qū),比如,認(rèn)為酸奶越濃稠,質(zhì)量就越好。事實(shí)上,濃稠的酸奶口感比較爽潤

26、,但品質(zhì)卻不見得更好。酸奶的濃稠度與營養(yǎng)沒有直接關(guān)系,與制作方法密切相關(guān)。根據(jù)制作方式不同,酸奶分為凝固型和攪拌型。我國傳統(tǒng)的玻璃瓶和瓷瓶裝的酸奶就屬于凝固型酸奶,這種酸奶口感濃稠。而平日人們常喝到的果粒酸奶都屬于攪拌型酸奶,相對來說比較稀薄。在購買酸奶時(shí)可以根據(jù)自己的口味需要選擇類型。致 謝畢業(yè)之際,回顧求學(xué)生涯,我從老師、同學(xué)們身上學(xué)到了很多終生受益的知識,得到了大量熱心的幫助,在此對他們表示衷心的感謝。感謝我的導(dǎo)師xxx老師,在畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)說明的寫作過程中,我得到了xxx老師的悉心指導(dǎo),xxx老師認(rèn)真指導(dǎo)了整個(gè)過程,給我提出了許多寶貴建議。xxx老師淵博的專業(yè)知識、嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)闹螌W(xué)態(tài)度和不斷進(jìn)取的

27、創(chuàng)新精神給我留下了深刻的印象,是我畢生學(xué)習(xí)的楷模。導(dǎo)師為我指引著學(xué)習(xí)、研究的方向,諄諄的教誨更使明白了許多做學(xué)問以及做人的道理,令我受益匪淺,終生難忘。無論在學(xué)習(xí)上還是在生活上,xxx老師都給予了我很大的幫助和鼓勵(lì)。在此,謹(jǐn)向xxx老師及其家人表示最衷心的感謝和深深的祝福! 結(jié)論酸奶因其含有豐富乳酸菌。這些乳酸菌在人體的腸道內(nèi)繁殖時(shí)會(huì)分泌對人體健康有益的物質(zhì),因此酸奶可以調(diào)節(jié)身體代謝,促進(jìn)食欲,具有減肥,保健,防癌,降低膽固醇,改善睡眠質(zhì)量等功能。此外還可以用來做酸奶面膜,可見酸奶對女生的好處尤其多。同學(xué)們可以根據(jù)自己的飲食習(xí)慣和不同口味,有選擇地選購酸奶。但是要注意不能空腹喝:最好是飯后兩小

28、時(shí)喝,我們中午上課時(shí)喝就比較適宜;不能過量飲用:它不屬于普通食品的范疇,并不是量越大就越好;更不能加熱喝:加熱會(huì)使之喪失功效,冬天我們可以放置一定時(shí)間后再飲用。參考文獻(xiàn)【1】 胡長玉 牛奶乳酸菌飲料的功能性成分及營養(yǎng)價(jià)值分析 宿州學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào) 2005-04-15;【2】酸奶 百度百科【3】易學(xué)雄.益生菌食品的開發(fā).中國食品工業(yè),2000,2:40.【4】刁治民,等.發(fā)酵乳的營養(yǎng)價(jià)值及保健作用.中國乳品工業(yè),1998,5:12-14.【5】李鳳林,等.食品營養(yǎng)與衛(wèi)生學(xué).中國輕工業(yè),2007,1:1.【6】嘎爾迪.內(nèi)蒙古傳統(tǒng)乳制品營養(yǎng)成分分析.中國畜產(chǎn)與食品,1995,(1):1315【7】金世林.

29、乳品工業(yè)手冊.輕工業(yè)出版社,1987【8】marion nestle. the shocking truth about the food industry .2010. 附錄一 外文資料原文yogurt nutritional value and medical care functionauthor: marion nestleyogurt is milk or other milk as the main raw materials, with lactic acid bacteria fermentation of dairy products. yogurt is fermented

30、 with lactic acid bacteria, according to the process for acid curd and stirred yogurt, which stirred yoghurt and flavored yogurt and fruit pulp yogurt. ordinary yogurt usually by lactobacillus bulgaricus and streptococcus thermophilus or streptococcus lactis as fermentation strain. as the medical us

31、e of bifidobacteria acidophilus milk, milk and so on, are mainly of lactobacillus acidophilus and bifidobacterium as main fermentation. the starter yogurt, yogurt and decisive role of nutritional value, health function and flavor, taste, all state. in general, the milk by lactic acid bacteria fermen

32、ted yogurt, its nutritional value are improved, and has certain health care and disease prevention, treatment effect.the nutritional value of yogurtbreast milk is the main raw material of yogurt, which contains about 4.5% of the lactose, 2.8%-3.2% protein (mostly casein), 3.2% fat and 0.7% minerals

33、and rich vitamin, organic acid. lactose in milk is babys brain and nerve development necessary for the material, milk protein is a complete protein easily absorbed, milk is rich in lecithin and low saturated fatty acid, not only easy digestion and absorption, but also can promote the metabolism of c

34、holesterol, prevent cardiovascular disease and hypertension, milk is rich in ca, p is known, so it itself is a nutritious food people accepted. but milk also has its disadvantages: such as lactose is not easy to hydrolysis, only under the action of lactase hydrolysis, and in the human body only afte

35、r hydrolysis can be absorbed, for the lack of lactase people, drink milk will be due to lactose can not be hydrolyzed, absorption and problems such as diarrhea, abdominal distension, this kind of phenomenon called lactose intolerance. vc and fe content or in milk is low, the boiling sterilization af

36、ter the vitamin more damage, especially the vc even more inadequate. milk into yogurt, nutritional value of its constituents occur changes are as follows: 1.1 20%-30% lactose into lactic acid by lactic acid bacteria fermentation, yogurt is acidic, about ph4.5, give the yogurt with unique flavor, res

37、idual lactose can provide galactose the developing brain and nervous, and because the yogurt and lactic acid formation, the following characteristics: the milk nutrition rock ca, p, fe were dissolved state, promote the ca, p, fe and vc absorption; promote gastrointestinal motility and secretion of d

38、igestive juice, improve digestion and absorption function, prevent fat deposition; lower cholesterol deposition in the blood; the milk protein was fine clots, easy digestion and absorption; for intestinal bacteria development to provide appropriate environment, promote intestinal beneficial bacteria

39、 growth, inhibition of spoilage and pathogenic bacteria growth and reproduction, the intestines and stomach; prolong the milk storage time.milk into yogurt, milk composition in lactobacillusmoderate decomposition produced enzymes, produce low product a lot of easy digestion and absorption, such as a

40、mino acids (increased 4 times), fatty acid, polypeptide, make the digestion and absorption rate.yogurt dried lactic acid bacterial substances containing 1%matter, lactic acid bacteria protein rich in essential amino acids, to improve nutritional value, milk protein according to the determination, mi

41、lk protein biological value is 81.4%, while the yogurt protein biological value is 87.3%. in addition, lactic acid bacteria also contain lots of vitamins, cell active substance and anticancer substances, thereby improving the milk in the vitamin and the contents of bioactive substance, the nutrition

42、al value greatly improve.with activity of many enzymes in the formation of lactic acid bacteria fermentationin the remaining on the yogurt, lactic acid enzyme in the human body can help the body to promote the hydrolysis of lactose, the lactose absorption. so the lactose intolerant can drink yoghurt

43、 to obtain milk nutrition.nutrition and health function of yogurtyogurt containing cell material and fermentation products (such as lactic acid, vitamin and so on) and the functions of nutrition and health care.the whole intestinal functionhumans exist in a full of microorganisms in the environment,

44、 therefore, people born after intestinal gradually occupied by various microorganisms. these microorganisms can be roughly divided into beneficial bacteria, such as lactobacillus, bifidobacterium; on the human body harmless alsoharmful bacteria, such as escherichia coli group; harmful bacteria, such

45、 as pathogens, toxigenic etc. among these bacteria antagonistic or mutual symbiosis, together constitute the human intestinal microflora. according to the study, between these bacteria ratio changes with the change of the human physiological condition, the relationship with the peoples health condit

46、ion is very close. when the bifidobacterium and lactobacillus acidophilus is dominant, the intestinal ph low, other bacteria inhibition, peoples health will be very good; in contrast, resistance to drop, will appear in a variety of diseases, such as diarrhea, diarrhea, abdominal distension, intestin

47、al bloat, poisoning, liver and stomach function decline, tissue and organ carcinogenesis etc. eating yogurt, yogurt and lactic acid bacteria in the intestine and material for lactobacillus and bifidobacterium growth provided a suitable environment, and inhibit the spoilage bacteria and harmful bacte

48、ria growth and reproduction, so that intestinal bacteria tended to be normal, therefore has the intestines function. therefore, regular consumption of yogurt, gastrointestinal function perfect, not get sick easily.to protect the liver and kidney functionyogurt with intestines function, increase the

49、proportion of lactobacillus and bifidobacterium in the intestinal flora in bacteria, reduce corruption, toxigenic and pathogenic bacteria such as proportion, into the protein metabolism in the intestinal tract normal, corruption is reduced, thereby reducing the amount of ammonia, amines, organic aci

50、d, indole, hydrogen sulfide and other toxic substances, bacterial toxins also reduced, reducing the burden on the liver detoxification and kidney detoxification load, so eating yogurt can protect liver and kidney function.to prevent constipation and diarrhea, reduce intestinal gas productionwith yog

51、urt and lactic acid stimulates intestinal peristalsis, promote the secretion of digestive juice function, therefore, enhance the digestive function, can prevent constipation. in addition, because the whole intestinal function of yogurt, harmful intestinal bacteria and fungi reduced, abnormal ferment

52、ation and microbial decomposition of the food in the intestine weakened, the gas produced to reduce. so the yogurt can prevent bacterial diarrhea and reduce the role of intestinal gas production.beauty health effectsyogurt is rich in nutrition, rich in vitamins, and nutrition is easy to absorb, has

53、the function of health care, long-term drinking is a healthy body, the function is exuberant, skin rosy, delicate, has the characteristics of good nutrition. in addition, the milk as a natural beauty food has been known for hundreds of years, made of yogurt is substantially enhanced its inherent fun

54、ction. in life there are a lot of people often drink yoghurt and youth.therapeutic effect of yogurt on diseaseeffect on the treatment of cancerresearch shows that, bulgarian lactobacillus and lactobacillus acidophilus bacteria contains anti-cancer substances, has the curative effect to many kinds of

55、 cancer, yogurt can be used as a cancer patient food supplementary treatment.effect on the treatment of gastropathyyogurt is rich in nutrition and easy to digest, can reduce the burden on the stomach to digest; at the same time, yogurt and lactic acid can increase the acidity of the gastrointestinal

56、 tract, stimulate peristalsis, improve digestive function, reducing gases, and through enhanced gastric activity feedback mechanism, with jianwei; australian leah halden points out, the lack of daily consumption of 500ml acid yogurt, can restore health.the role of adjuvant therapy for diabetes melli

57、tuspatients with diabetes due to glucose metabolism disorders, very strict requirements for food, must be less sugar, moderate heat, nutrient balance and would add salt and vitamins. yogurt easy to digest, nutrient balance is rich in vitamins, due in part to lactose into lactic acid, sugar less, is the ideal food for diabetics, the auxiliary cure for diabetes. but diabetics to drink

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