第8講 被動語態(tài)

1、第第8講被動語態(tài)講被動語態(tài)1語態(tài)的分類語態(tài)的分類 英語有主動、被動兩種語態(tài)。主動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的執(zhí)行者，即英語有主動、被動兩種語態(tài)。主動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的執(zhí)行者，即“主語做主語做某事某事”；被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受者，即；被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受者，即“主語被主語被”，因此當(dāng)我們想，因此當(dāng)我們想表表示示“主語被主語被”時，要用被動語態(tài)。時，要用被動語態(tài)。2基本結(jié)構(gòu)：基本結(jié)構(gòu)：bePP(1)人稱及時態(tài)等的變化體現(xiàn)在人稱及時態(tài)等的變化體現(xiàn)在be動詞上，動詞上，pp永遠(yuǎn)不變。永遠(yuǎn)不變。各種被動語態(tài)如下：各種被動語態(tài)如下： 一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)am/is/arePP一

2、般過去時的被動語態(tài)一般過去時的被動語態(tài)was/werePP一般將來時的被動語態(tài)一般將來時的被動語態(tài)am/is/are going to bePPwill bePP過去將來時的被過去將來時的被動語態(tài)動語態(tài)was/were going to bePPwould bePP現(xiàn)在進行時的被動語態(tài)現(xiàn)在進行時的被動語態(tài)am/is/are beingPP過去進行時的被動語態(tài)過去進行時的被動語態(tài)was/were beingPP現(xiàn)在完成時現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)的被動語態(tài)have/has beenPP過去完成時的被動語態(tài)過去完成時的被動語態(tài)hadbeenPP(2)帶情帶情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)：情態(tài)動詞態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)：情

3、態(tài)動詞bepp3主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)的基本方法如下：主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)的基本方法如下： We clean our classroom every day. Our classroom is cleaned by us every day. 注意：注意：(1)代詞的變化：賓格代詞被提前作主語時要變?yōu)橹鞲?，主格代詞作代詞的變化：賓格代詞被提前作主語時要變?yōu)橹鞲?，主格代詞作by的賓語時的賓語時要變?yōu)橘e格。要變?yōu)橘e格。(2)帶雙賓語的動詞變被動時，一般將間接賓語提前作主語，而將直接賓語留下。帶雙賓語的動詞變被動時，一般將間接賓語提前作主語，而將直接賓語留下。也可將直接賓語提前作主語，但要在留下的間接賓語

4、前添上介詞也可將直接賓語提前作主語，但要在留下的間接賓語前添上介詞to或或for。 Father bought me a book yesterday. I was bought a book by father yesterday. A book was bought for me yesterday. She lent me five pounds. I was lent five pounds by her. Five pounds was lent to me by her. (make, buy, get, sing, draw, find等用等用for，其他如，其他如show, p

5、ass, give, send, lend等用等用to)(3)動詞短語變被動語態(tài)時，其中的介詞或副詞不能省略。動詞短語變被動語態(tài)時，其中的介詞或副詞不能省略。 The old must be taken good care of. The womans mistake was laughed at by everyone.(4)接不定式作賓語補足語的動詞變被動時，其后的不定式一律不能省略接不定式作賓語補足語的動詞變被動時，其后的不定式一律不能省略to，如，如 make/listen to/hear/look at/watch/see/feel/notice等要變?yōu)榈纫優(yōu)閎e made/ li

6、stened to/heard/looked at/watched/seen/felt/noticed to do sth. The boss makes him work day and night. He is made to work day and night. Someone saw you enter my room. You were seen to enter my room. 而接而接doing作賓語補足語的動詞變被動時，作賓語補足語的動詞變被動時，doing留下不變。留下不變。 I saw him running on the playground just now. He

7、 was seen running on the playground just now.(5)被動語態(tài)中，如不需要說明動作的執(zhí)行者，被動語態(tài)中，如不需要說明動作的執(zhí)行者，by賓語可省略。賓語可省略。4不用被動語態(tài)的情況不用被動語態(tài)的情況(1)不及物動詞或動詞短語沒有被動語態(tài)，也不能用被動語態(tài)。不及物動詞或動詞短語沒有被動語態(tài)，也不能用被動語態(tài)。 He was laughed by the listeners.() He was laughed at by the listeners.() Great changes have been taken place here.() Great ch

8、anges have taken place here.()(2)連系動詞如連系動詞如get, turn, seem, appear, look, sound， smell，taste, feel等沒有被動語態(tài)，也不能用被動語態(tài)。等沒有被動語態(tài)，也不能用被動語態(tài)。 The stone feels cold and hard.() The stone is felt cold and hard.()(3)有些動詞如有些動詞如write, sell, wash, break, wear, read，burn等用其主動形式表等用其主動形式表 示主語的某種自身特征。示主語的某種自身特征。 This k

9、ind of cloth washes well.這種布料耐洗。這種布料耐洗。 Paper burns easily.紙易燃。紙易燃。 Shoes of this kind sell well.這種鞋子好賣。這種鞋子好賣。 ()1.You bought a new car！An American car? No.A Chinese car.It _ in Taizhou.(2013臺州臺州) Amakes Bmade Cwas made Dwill be made答案：答案：C 解析：考查被動語態(tài)的用法。答句中的解析：考查被動語態(tài)的用法。答句中的it指的是指的是“新車新車”，顯然是后，顯然是后

10、面面的謂語動詞的謂語動詞make的作用對象，所以要使用被動語態(tài)，而且的作用對象，所以要使用被動語態(tài)，而且“這輛車這輛車”是已經(jīng)是已經(jīng)生產(chǎn)生產(chǎn)過的，因此是使用過去時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)。所以選擇過的，因此是使用過去時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)。所以選擇C答案。答案。 ()2.Chinese _ by the largest number of people.(2013南充南充) Aspeaks Bspeak Cis spoken答案：答案：C 解析：考查被動語態(tài)用法。當(dāng)主語是動詞的承受者時應(yīng)用被動語態(tài)。解析：考查被動語態(tài)用法。當(dāng)主語是動詞的承受者時應(yīng)用被動語態(tài)。句意：漢語被最大數(shù)量的人說。故選句意：漢語被最大數(shù)量的人

11、說。故選C。 如用其被動，則意義不同。如用其被動，則意義不同。 His clothes are washed well. 他的衣服被洗得很好。他的衣服被洗得很好。(不表自身特征不表自身特征)(4)有些特殊動詞如有些特殊動詞如let, have等沒有被動語態(tài)。等沒有被動語態(tài)。 He was let to go to the party by his parents last night.() His parents let him go to the party last night.()注意：注意：get pp有時也是一種被動語態(tài)。有時也是一種被動語態(tài)。 All his books got b

12、urnt in the fire.be worth/want/need/require等用等用doing表被動，而不用表被動，而不用being done 表被動。表被動。 This movie is well worth seeing. The broken house needs/wants mending.()4.Why did Tom go to bed so late yesterday? Because his homework _ on time.(2013廣安廣安) Adidnt finish Bfinish Cwasnt finished答案：答案：C 解析：本題考查一般過去時

13、的被動語態(tài)。由問句中解析：本題考查一般過去時的被動語態(tài)。由問句中yesterday可知應(yīng)可知應(yīng)用一般過去時，排除用一般過去時，排除B項；項；homework與謂語動詞與謂語動詞finish存在被動關(guān)系，故應(yīng)用存在被動關(guān)系，故應(yīng)用被動語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)，選被動語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)，選C。()5.This pair of shoes _ hand，and it _ very comfortable. Ais made with；is felt Bare made from；is felt Care made of；feels Dis made by；feels (2013黃石黃石)答案：答案：D 解析：考查動詞的語態(tài)。

14、句意：解析：考查動詞的語態(tài)。句意：“這雙鞋是由手工制成的，它摸起來這雙鞋是由手工制成的，它摸起來感感覺很舒服。覺很舒服?！敝髡Z主語this pair of shoes不能執(zhí)行謂語動詞不能執(zhí)行謂語動詞make，故用被動語態(tài)，故用被動語態(tài)，且主語為第三人稱單數(shù)形式，用且主語為第三人稱單數(shù)形式，用is made by的被動結(jié)構(gòu)；的被動結(jié)構(gòu)；feel為連系動詞，不為連系動詞，不能能用被動語態(tài)，故選用被動語態(tài)，故選D。()6.It was reported that nine Chinese people _ in a balloon crash (墜毀墜毀) in Egypt on February

15、26，2013.(2013聊城聊城) Aare killed Bwere killed Cwill kill Dhave killed()3.With the help of the people around China，many beautiful new buildings _ here and there in the earthquakehit area in Sichuan. Acan see Bcan be seen Cwill see(2013涼山?jīng)錾? 答案：答案：B。解析：考查動詞被動語態(tài)。句子主語。解析：考查動詞被動語態(tài)。句子主語buildings和謂語動詞和謂語動詞se

16、e存在存在被動關(guān)系，主謂語存在被動關(guān)系時謂語動詞用被動語態(tài)表達。三個答案中只有被動關(guān)系，主謂語存在被動關(guān)系時謂語動詞用被動語態(tài)表達。三個答案中只有B答案是被動語態(tài)形式。答案是被動語態(tài)形式。.單項選擇。單項選擇。C1.Many buildings in Lushan _ in the earthquake on April 20th. It will surely be reconstructed(重建重建)more beautifully.(2013內(nèi)江內(nèi)江)Ahave destroyed Bare destroyedCwere destroyed Dare destroyingB2.A lo

17、t of trees _ around here every year，and we can enjoy fresher air now.(2013重慶重慶)Awere planted Bare plantedCwill planted Dare plantingC3.Who designed this game?It _ by Tom in 1999.(2013雅安雅安)Ais designed BdesignsCwas designed DdesignedB4.Do you know who invented the telephone?No.I only know it _ in 187

18、6.(2013成都成都)Ainvented Bwas inventedCInventsD5.Flowers _ along the road last year.(2013北京北京)Aplant BplantedCare planted Dwere planted答案：答案：B. 解析：考查動詞被動語態(tài)的用法。解析：考查動詞被動語態(tài)的用法。are killed 是現(xiàn)在時被動語態(tài)，是現(xiàn)在時被動語態(tài)，were killed 是過去是過去 時被動語態(tài)，時被動語態(tài)，will kill 是一般將來時是一般將來時“將殺死將殺死”，have killed 是現(xiàn)在完成時，是現(xiàn)在完成時，“已經(jīng)殺死已經(jīng)殺死”。根

19、據(jù)句意。根據(jù)句意“據(jù)報道在據(jù)報道在2013年年2月月26日日9名名中國公民在埃及的一場氣球墜毀事件中遇難。中國公民在埃及的一場氣球墜毀事件中遇難?！辈浑y看出這幾個人是被動死亡，不難看出這幾個人是被動死亡，根據(jù)時間和主句是過去時可知要用過去時被動語態(tài)，所以選根據(jù)時間和主句是過去時可知要用過去時被動語態(tài)，所以選B。( )8.This listening material，together with its CDROMs, _ well. Asells Bsell Cis sold Dare sold(2013常州常州)( )9.The sports meeting _ next month.(20

20、13益陽益陽) Awill hold Bis going to hold Cwill be held( )10.Excuse me.Im looking for Be the Best of Yourself. Sorry.The book you ask for _ out.(2013河南河南) Ais selling Bis sold Cwas selling Dwill be sold( )11.Annie _ to the party.She had a wonderful time with us Ainvites Bis invited Cwas invited Dhas invi

21、ted.(2013河北河北)( )12.Many houses _ in the earthquake of April 20，2013 in Yaan. Ais destroyed Bare destroyed(2013玉林玉林) Cwas destroyed Dwere destroyed( )13.Han Hans books are popular.They _ by many teenagers. Ais read Bwas read Care read Dwere read(2013南寧南寧)( )14.Teenagers _ allowed to drive.(2013衡陽衡陽)

22、 Ashould not be Bshould be not Cnot should be( )6.The mobile phone has influenced peoples life a lot since it _. Ainvents BinventedCis invented Dwas invented(2013陜西陜西)( )7.On June 11th，2013，Shenzhou10 carrying three astronauts _ into space from the space center in Jiuquan.All the Chinese people are

23、proud of its successful launch.(2013哈爾濱哈爾濱) Asent up Bare sent up Cwas sent upDCACBCDCA .用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1.The man _(fall)off his bike and was sent(send)to the nearest hospital.2Dont move unless you are _(tell)to.3.At the end of last year, a new tall building was _(build)in our school.4He

24、was _ (beat)black and blue all over by his father yesterday.5They were _ (ask)to go home on foot last Friday.6After being badly hurt, she was _(send)to hospital in time.7All my books are _ (keep)on the bookshelves.8.A decision was _(make)yesterday that they all had to move at once.( )15.At present，o

25、ne of the best ways to study is working in groups. More chances _ to students to learn from each other. (2013宜昌宜昌) Aoffer Bare offered Chave offered Dare offering( )16.I want to borrow the book，but I dont know how long it may _. For two weeks.(2013十堰十堰) Akeep Bbe borrowed Cborrow Dbe kept( )17.Many

26、trees _ on the streets every years.So the air is very fresh now.(2013孝感孝感) Aplant Bare planted Cplanted Dwere plantedBDBkeptmadefelltoldbuiltbeatenaskedsent .將下列句子變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)。將下列句子變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)。 1He helps his mother every day. His mother _ _by him every day. 2He is helping his mother at the moment. His mother _

27、 _ _by him at this moment. 3He has helped his mother for two hours today. His mother _ _ _by him for two hours today. 4Im glad to find that people planted many trees in our city last year. Im glad to find that many trees _ _in our city last year. 5You should reture these books to the library on time

28、. These books should _ _to the library on time.9More than three quarters of the earthis _(cover)by water.10While I was on holiday，my camera was _ (steal) from my hotel room.coveredstolenishelpedisbeinghelpedhasbeenhelpedwereplantedbe returnedI單項選擇。單項選擇。(每小題每小題1分，共分，共10分分)( )1.All of your exercise bo

29、oks must _ to my office. Atake Bbring Cbe put Dbe brought( )2.If noises _ from increasing, people _shout to be heard even at the dinner table in the future. Aare not kept; will have to Bdo not keep; will have to Carent kept; have to Ddont keep; have to( )3.Why does Lingling look so unhappy? She _ by

30、 her classmates. Ais laughed at Bwas laughed Chas been laughed Dhas been laughed at( )4.I havent heard from Henry for a long time. What do you suppose _ to him? Ais happening Bhas happened Chas been happened Dwas happened( )5.A new school _ over there in two years. Amay build Bmay be built Cis built

31、 Dmaybe builtDAABB ( )6.Today, the forests almost have gone. People must_ down too many trees. Astop to cut Bstop from cutting Cbe stopped to cut Dbe stopped cutting ( )7.A lecture on Chinese history _ in the school hall next week. Ais given Bhas been given Cwill be given Dwill give ( )8.The naughty

32、 boys each _ over the schoolgate last night. Awere seen climb Bwere seen to climb Cwas seen climb Dwas seen to climb ( )9.Without _， I wont go to his party. Ainvited Bbeing invited Chaving invited Dbe invited ( )10.When I got to the classroom, the blackboard_. Ahas cleaned Bhad cleaned Chas been cleaned Dhad been cleanedDCBBD .用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。(每小題每小題2分，共分，共20分分) 1The music was ve