名詞性從句主語從句

1、主語從句導(dǎo)入：觀察并指出句子成分A tree has fallen across the road.You are a student.To find your way can be a problem.Smoking is bad for you.一 概念： 主語：主語是指句子談?wù)摰闹黝}，說明的人或事物。也就是句中動作、行為、性質(zhì)和狀態(tài)的主體，一般位于句首主語從句：在句中充當主語的從句二基本結(jié)構(gòu)關(guān)系詞 簡單句 謂語動詞 賓語同位語 That he finished writing the composition in such a short time surprised us all.他在

2、很短的時間內(nèi)寫完作文讓我們都很驚訝三關(guān)系詞(引導(dǎo)詞)1從屬連詞： that whetherthat 引導(dǎo)主語從句只起引導(dǎo)作用，本身無實際意義，在主語從句中不充當任何成分， 但不能省略。That she left him cut him to the heart.That he will come is certain.注意：有時為了使句子結(jié)構(gòu)平衡 , 避免“頭重腳輕” , 常用 it 作形式主語 , 而把從句 放在后面。 E.gThat she has made such a mistake is a pity.It is a pity that she has made such a mis

3、take. 這樣就構(gòu)成了下面一些常用句型 :1) It is + adj. +從句It is necessary that 有必要It is important that.重要的是It is obvious that 很明顯2) It + 不及物動詞 +從句It seems/appears that.似乎It happened that.碰巧It occurred to me that 我突然想起3) It + be + 過去分詞 +從句It is said that.據(jù)說眾所周知 據(jù)報道 據(jù)信 ;人們相信 有人建議 必須指出 已證明.hat 是常識 . 令人驚奇的是 事實是It is kno

4、wn to all that.It is reported that.It is believed that.It is suggested that.It must be pointed out that. It has been proved that.4) It is + n. +從句It is common knowledge tIt is a surprise that It is a fact that由 whether 及其他連詞引導(dǎo)的主語從句放在句首，句后都可。 Whether it will please them is hard to say.It is hard to s

5、ay whether it will please them.2. 連接代詞： who whoever whom whose what whatever which whichever What seems easy to some people seems difficult to others.Which side will win is not clear.注意：what 與 that 在引導(dǎo)主語從句時的區(qū)別what 引導(dǎo)主語從句時在從句中充當句子成分 , 如主語、賓語、表語 , that 則不充當任何成分無意義。例如：What you said yesterday is right.

6、That she is still alive is a consolation3. 連接副詞： when where how why 等 Why he did it remains a mystery.When they will start is not known yet.How he became a great scientist is known to us all.It s certain. Well be late.Is he coming or not? We dont knowWhat does he want to tell us? We dont knowWhen wi

7、ll you come back? It doesn t matter.四主語從句需注意的問題1 一個句子作主語時，主句的謂語動詞應(yīng)為單數(shù)。Eg Whether he will come depends on the weather.2 what 引導(dǎo)的句子作主語時，謂語動詞的數(shù)由句子的內(nèi)容決定（即由表語決定 ） 。What I want is money.What we need are good booksWhat he said is reasonable.What we will do hasnt been decided.3 Where he was born and where h

8、e lives now are not clear.Where and when he was born remains a secret.兩個或兩個以上的主從聯(lián)合做主語，主句謂語動詞應(yīng)為復(fù)數(shù)。 兩個或兩個以上的連詞引導(dǎo)一個從句，主句謂語動詞應(yīng)為單數(shù)。（ 不能換成 if）可以與 if 進行替換 ）4 W hether he will come isn t clear.It isnt clear whether /if he will come. （ if 不能置于句首）5. It 作形式主語和 it 引導(dǎo)強調(diào)句的比較It is+ 名詞/ 形容詞/ 過去分詞+主語從句常用 it 作形式主語，一般

9、常用句型為： 主語從句例如：It is still a question whether she will come or not.It is strange that you should like him.It is still unknown which team will win the match. 另外，還有一些比較多見的結(jié)構(gòu)： It turned out that;It has been proved thatIt happened/occurred thatIt is well- known that 等等而 強調(diào)句 則不同，它的結(jié)構(gòu)是： It+be+ 被強調(diào)部分 +that+

10、 從句強調(diào)主語：It is the times that produce their heroes.時勢造英雄強調(diào)賓語： It is English that Prof.Lin teaches us.強調(diào)狀語：It was in shanghai that I saw the film. 判斷是否是強調(diào)句有一個方法，就是將 that 以后的“句子的其余部分”拿出來單獨 看，看有沒有缺成分，缺的是什么成分，再把 謂語動詞后面 that 前面的那部分，帶到你認 為缺成分的地方，如果放進去是一句完整的句子了，那就說明是強調(diào)句。6. 用于 It is important / natural / nec

11、essary / impossible that.句型中 , 主語從句應(yīng)使用虛擬語氣 , 謂語動詞用 “should + 動詞原形 ”的形式 , should 有時有感 情色彩。It be suggested/ advised/ ordered/requested that sb （should） do sth主語從句練習(xí)題一翻譯1（ 誰將去接他 ） is not decided.2（ 哪個班極會贏得這場足球賽 ） is not clear .3 （ 他能否買到飛機票 ） doesnt mattermuch.4（ 我們?nèi)绾稳ツ抢?） is a question.5（ 你剛才告訴我的 ）w as

12、 really a surprise.6（ 他什么時候出國 ） is being discussed7（ 他為什么哭 ） is not clear.8It is clear（ 他是一個乞丐 ）.9（ 你要請誰 ） is not important.10（ 我們將在哪里舉行籃球賽 ） is not clear.二找出下列句子中的主語從句及其引導(dǎo)詞，并指出引導(dǎo)詞是否充當成分，充當什么成分。1. That we shall be late is certain.2. That the driver could not control his car was obvious.3. It is cert

13、ain that we shall be late.4. It was obvious that the driver could not control his car.5. Is it possible that they will come tomorrow？6. It is clear that he was telling the truth.7. It s probable that we ll be a little late.8. What caused the accident is a complete mystery.9. It worried her a bit tha

14、t her hair was turning grey.10. It shocked me that Peter didnt tell anybody where he was.11. Who was responsible for the accident is not yet clear.12. It s a pity that you cant go with us.13. What he did is not yet known.14. It is said that he has been there many times.15. It is not yet clear who wa

15、s responsible for the accident.16. When they will have the sports meet is still a question.17. It seems that he has lost something.18. What he said at the meeting encouraged everyone.19. What caused the accident was a broken bottle.20. It remains a problem whether it is true.21. Whoever breaks the l

16、aw is sure to be punished.22. What she looks like doesn t matter.23. How this happened is not clear to anyone.24. Whoever comes is welcome.t c lear.25. Whether hell come here isn三用適當?shù)囊龑?dǎo)詞填空。1. It is likely he is the winner of this game.很可能他是這場游戲的勝利者。2. she bought so many dictionaries is not clear.= I

17、t is not clear she bought so many dictionaries.不清楚她為什么買這么多字典。3. he was admitted into Beijing University made his teachers and parentshappy.他考上了北大，這讓他的老師和父母很高興。4. It s a pity you can t attend my birthday party.很可惜你不能參加我的生日聚會。5. we will build a new high school hasn t been decided.我們是否要建新高中還沒決定呢。6. bre

18、aks the law should be punished.不管誰違法都應(yīng)該受到懲罰。7. It is necessary the problem (should) be solved at once.很有必要立刻解決這個問題。8. he was born is unknown.他生于何時還不知道。9 It is possible he has stolen the car.很可能他偷了小車。10. has broken the glass is unknown.誰打破了玻璃現(xiàn)在還不知道。11. he wants is all here.他所要的東西都在這里。12. he worked it

19、 out is still a secret.他是如何把它做出來的還是一個秘密13. they makes in this factory are TV sets.他們在工廠里所做的東西就是電視機。14. they would support us was a problem.他們是否會支持我們還是一個問題。15. you want is yours.你要哪個哪個就是你的。16. we need is money.我們需要的是錢。17. we arrive doesn t matter.什么時候到?jīng)]有關(guān)系。18. it was done was a mystery.這是怎樣做的是一個謎。19

20、this happended is not clear to anyone.這件事怎樣發(fā)生的，誰也不清楚。20. I spend my summer is no business of yours.我在哪里過暑假不關(guān)你的事。D.it6. _ shehad forgottento takeA.Thatoccurred toherher notebook.B. She occurred that三選擇題1. _as muchas one-fifthof alltimber harvested is notused.A.TheestimateB.TheestimatedC.Theyare estim

21、atedD. Itisestimated that2.some mammals cameto live inthesea is not known.A.WhichB.SinceC. AlthoughD.How3.we haveachievedis attributedtothe guidance ofourparentsA.WhoeverB.WhateverC. HoweverD.That4.wealthydoes notnecessarilymeanthat a man is greedy.A.For thereason that he isB. Just becauseheisC. The

22、 reason of beingD.That he is5. Although _ happened in this developedcountrysoundslike science fiction, itcould occur elsewhere in theworld.A. whichB. whatC.howC. To her thatoccurredD.It occurred to herthat7.I am sure that shesaid is wrong.A. whichB.allC.thisD. what8.We lost our wayin theforest, and

23、madematters worse wasthat it was gettingdark.A. thatB. whichC.itD. what9. or not isstill uncertain.A. Hes comingB. If he is comingCThatcomingD. Whether he s coming10. Its _ hellbeable tocome.A.doubtwhetherB.doubtfulC. doubt itD. doubtfulwhether11. _ he isat work inthe heart of the big cityorat home inthe quietsuburb, Dick s life istiedto machines.A.WhetherB.TillC.IfD. Unless12. _ he saw bothsurprisedandfrightenedhim.A.ThatB.WhenC. WhatD.Which13. _ iswarmsunshine.A.What doweallneed.B. Whatall we need CWhatwe needD.What we all