避碰規(guī)則COLREG72分解

1、第一條 適用范圍Rule 1 Application1. 本規(guī)則各條適用于在公海和連接于公海且可供海船航行的一切水域中的一切船舶 .These Rules shall apply to all vessels upon the high seas and in all waters connected therewith navigable by seagoing vessels.2. 本規(guī)則各條不妨礙有關主管機關為連接于公海而可供海船航行的任何港外錨地,港口 ,江河 ,湖泊或內陸水道所制定的特殊規(guī)定的實施 .這種特殊規(guī)定 ,應盡可能符合本規(guī)則各條 .Nothing in these Rule

2、s shall interfere with the operation of special rules made by an appropriate authority for roadsteads, harbours, rivers, lakes or inland waterways connected with the high seas and navigable by seagoing vessels .Such special rules shall conform as closely as possible to these Rules.3. 本規(guī)則各條 ,不妨礙各國政府為

3、軍艦及護航下的船舶所制定的關于額外的隊形燈, 信號燈 ,號型或笛號 ;或者為結隊從事捕魚的漁船所制定的關于額外的隊形燈,信號燈或號型的任何特殊規(guī)定的實施.這些額外的隊形燈 ,信號燈 , 號型或笛號 ,應盡可能不致被誤認為本規(guī)則其他條文所規(guī)定的任何號燈,號型或信號 .Nothing in these Rules shall interfere with the operation of any special rules made by the Government of any State with respect to additional station or signal lights

4、or shapes for fishing vessels engaged in fishing as a fleet. These additional station or signal lights, shapes or whistle signals shall, so far as possible, be such that they cannot be mistaken for any light, shape or signal authorized elsewhere under these Rules.4. 為實施本規(guī)則 ,本組織可以采納分道通航制 .Traffic sep

5、aration schemes may be adopted by the Organization for the purpose of these Rules.5. 凡經有關政府確定 ,某種特殊構造或用途的船舶 ,如不能完全遵守本規(guī)則任何一條關于號燈或號型的數(shù)量,位置 ,能見距離或弧度以及聲號設備的配置和特性的規(guī)定時,則應遵守其政府在號燈或號型的數(shù)量 ,位置 ,能見距離或弧度以及聲號設備的配置和特性方面為之另行確定的盡可能符合本規(guī)則要求的規(guī)定 .Whenever the Government concerned shall have determined that a vessel of

6、special construction or purpose cannot comply fully with the provisions of any of these Rules with respect to the number, position, range or arc of visibility of lights or shapes, as well as to the disposition and characteristics of sound-signalling appliances, such vessel shall comply with such oth

7、er provisions in regard to the number, position ,range or arc of the visibility of lights or shapes, as well as to the disposition and characteristics of sound-signalling appliances, as her Government shall have determined to be the closest possible compliance with these Rules in respect of that ves

8、sel.第二條 責任Rule 2 Responsibility1. 本規(guī)則各條并不免除任何船舶或其所有人,船長或船員由于對遵守本規(guī)則各條的任何疏忽,或者對海員通常做法或當時特殊情況可能要求的任何戒備上的疏忽而產生的各種后果的責任 .Nothing in these Rules shall exonerate any vessel, or the owner, master or crew thereof, from the consequences of any neglect to comply with these Rules or of the neglect of any precau

9、tion which may be required by the ordinary practice of seamen, or by the special circumstances of the case.2. 在解釋和遵行本規(guī)則各條規(guī)定時 ,應適當考慮到 ,為避免緊迫危險而需背離本規(guī)則各條規(guī)定的一切航行和碰撞的危險,以及任何特殊情況 ,其中包括當事船舶條件限制在內 .In construing and complying with these Rules due regard shall be had to all dangers of navigation and collisio

10、n and to any special circumstances, including the limitations of the vessels involved, which may make a departure from these Rules necessary to avoid immediate danger.第三條 一般定義Rule 3 General definitions除其他條文另有解釋外 ,在本規(guī)則中 :For the purpose of these Rules, except where the context otherwise requires:1. “

11、船舶”一詞 ,指用作或者能夠用作水上運輸工具的各類水上船筏, 包括非排水船舶 ,水上飛機和地效翼船 .The word “ vessel” includes every description of water craft, including non-displacement craft ，WIG craft and seaplanes, used or capable of being used as a means of transportation on water.2. “機動船”一詞 ,指用機器推進的任何船舶 .The term“ power-driven vessel ” mea

12、ns ay vessel propelled by machinery.3. “帆船”一詞 ,指任何駛帆的船舶 ,包括裝有推進機器而不在使用者 .The term “ sailing vessel” means any vessel under sail provided that propelling machinery, if fitted, is not being used.4. “從事捕魚的船舶” 一詞 ,指使用網(wǎng)具繩釣拖網(wǎng)或其他使其操縱性能受到限制的漁具捕魚的任何船舶,但不包括使用曳繩 釣或其他并不使其操縱性能受到限制的漁具捕魚的船舶 .The term “ vessel enga

13、ged in fishing”means any vessel fishing with nets, lines, trawls or other fishing apparatus which restrict manoeuvrability , but does not include a vessel fishing with trolling lines or other fishing apparatus which do not restrict manoeuvrability.5. “水上飛機”一詞 ,包括為能在水面操縱而設計的任何航空器.The word “ seaplane”

14、 includes any aircraft designed to manoeuvre on the water.6. “失去控制的船舶”一詞 ,指由于某種異常的情況不能按本規(guī)則各條的要求進行操縱, 因而不能給他船讓路的船舶 .The term “ vessel not under command” means a vessel which through some exceptional circumstance is unable to manoeuvre as required by these Rules and is therefore unable to keep out of

15、the way of another vessel.7. “操縱能力受到限制的船舶”一詞,指由于工作性質 ,使其按本規(guī)則要求進行操縱的能力受到限制,因而不能給他船讓路的船舶 . 操縱能力受到限制的船舶一詞應包括,但不限于下列船舶 :The term “ vessel restricted in her ability to manoeuvre ” means a vessel which from the nature of her work is restricted in her ability to manoeuvre as required by these Rules and is

16、therefore unable to keep out of the way of another vessel. The term vessels restricted in their ability to manoeuvre shall include but not be limited to:(1) 從事敷設 ,維修或起撈助航標志 ,海底電纜或管道的船舶 ;A vessel engaged in laying, servicing or picking up a navigation mark, submarine cable or pipeline.(2) 從事疏浚 ,測量或水下

17、作業(yè)的船舶 ;A vessel engaged in dredging, surveying or underwater operations.(3) 在航中從事補給或轉運人員 ,食品或貨物的船舶 ;A vessel engaged in replenishment or transferring persons, provisions or cargo while underway.(4) 從事發(fā)放或回收航空器的船舶 ;A vessel engaged in the launching or recovery of aircraft.(5) 從事清除水雷作業(yè)的船舶 ;A vessel eng

18、aged in mine clearance operations.(6) 從事拖帶作業(yè)的船舶 ,而該項拖帶作業(yè)使該拖船及其被拖船偏離所駛航向的能力嚴重受到限制.A vessel engaged in a towing operation such as severely restricts the towing vessel and her tow in their ability to deviate from their course.8. “限于吃水的船舶”一詞 ,指由于吃水與可航水域的水深和寬度的關系 ,致使其偏離航向的能力嚴重的受到限制的機動船 .The term “vessel

19、constrained by her draught ” means a power-driven vessel which, because of her draught in relation to the available depth and width of navigable water, is severely restricted in her ability to deviate from the course she is following.9. “在航”一詞,指船舶不在錨泊 ,系岸或擱淺 .The word“ underway” means that a vessel

20、is not at anchor, or made fast to the shore, or aground.10. 船舶的“長度和寬度 ”是指其總長度和最大寬度 .The words “l(fā)ength and breadth”of a vessel mean her length overall and greatest breadth. 11.只有當一船能自他船以視覺看到時 ,才應認為兩船是在互見中 .Vessel shall be deemed to be in sight of one another only when one can be observed visually fro

21、m the other. 12“能見度不良 ”一詞,指任何由于霧 ,霾,下雪,暴風雨 ,沙暴或任何其他類似原因而使能見度受到限制的情況.The term “restricted visibility ”means any condition in which visibility is restricted by fog, mist, falling snow, heavy rainstorms, sandstorms or any other similar causes.13.“地效翼船 ”是一種模式的船艇 ,其主要操作模式是利用表面效應在相當接近水面的高度飛行.The term “Win

22、g-In-Ground (WIG) craft ”means a multimodal craft which, in its main operational mode flies in close proximity to the surface-effect action.第四條 適用范圍Rule 4 application 本節(jié)各條適用于任何能見度的情況 Rules in this section apply in any condition of visibility.第五條 了望Rule 5 look-out每一船舶應經常用視覺 ,聽覺以及適合當時環(huán)境和情況下一切有效的手段保持正規(guī)

23、的了望,以便對局面和碰撞危險作出充分的估計 .Every vessel shall at all times maintain a proper look-out by sight and hearing as well as by all available means appropriate in the prevailing circumstances and conditions so as to make a full appraisal of the situation and of the risk of collision.第六條 安全航速Rule 6 safe speed每一

24、船舶在任何時候均應用安全航速行駛,以便能采取適當而有效的避碰行動并能在適合當時環(huán)境和情況的距離以內把船停住 .在決定安全航速時 ,考慮的因素中應包括下列各點 :Every vessel shall at all times proceed at a safe speed so that she can take proper and effective action to avoid collision and be stopped within a distance appropriate to the prevailing circumstances and conditions. In

25、determining a safe speed the following factors shall be among those taken into account:1. 對所有船舶 : By all vessels:(1) 能見度情況 ; the state of visibility;(2) 通航密度 , 包括漁船或者任何其他船舶的密集程度 ;The traffic density including concentrations of fishing vessels or any other vessels.(3) 船舶的操縱性能 ,特別是在當時情況下的沖程和回轉性能;The m

26、anoeuvrability of the vessel with special reference to stopping distance and turning ability in the prevailing conditions.(4) 夜間出現(xiàn)的背景亮光 ,諸如來自岸上燈光或本船燈光的反向散射;At night the presence of background light such as from shore lights or from backscatter of her own lights.(5) 風 ,浪和流的狀況以及靠近航海危險物的情況;The state of

27、 wind, sea and current, and the proximity of navigational hazards(6) 吃水與可用水深的關系 .The draught in relation to the available depth of water.2. 對備有可使用的雷達的船舶 ,還需考慮 :Additionally, by vessels with operational radar:(1) 雷達設備的特性 ,效率和局限性 ;The characteristics, efficiency and limitations of the radar equipment.

28、(2) 所選用的雷達距離標尺帶來的任何限制 ;Any constraints imposed by the radar range scale in use. (3)海況,天氣和其他干擾源對雷達探測的影響 ;The effect on radar detection of the sea state, weather and other sources of interference.(4) 在適當距離內 ,雷達對小船 ,浮冰和其他漂浮物有探測不到的可能性 ;The possibility that small vessels, ice and other floating objects m

29、ay not be detected by radar at an adequate range.(5) 雷達探測到的船舶數(shù)目 ,位置和動態(tài) ;The number, location and movement of vessels detected by radar.(6) 當用雷達測定附近船舶或其他物體的距離時,可能對能見度作出的更確切的估計 .The more exact assessment of the visibility that may be possible when radar is used to determine the range of vessels or oth

30、er objects in the vicinity. 第七條 碰撞危險Rule 7 risk of collision1. 每一船舶應用適合當時環(huán)境和情況的一切有效手段斷定是否存在碰撞危險,如有任何懷疑 , 則應認為存在這種危險 .Every vessel shall use all available means appropriate to the prevailing circumstances and conditions to determine if risk of collision exists, if there is any doubt such risk shall b

31、e deemed to exists.2. 如裝有雷達設備并可使用的話 ,則應正確予以使用 ,包括遠距離掃描 ,以便獲得碰撞危險的早期報警 ,并對探測到的物標進 行雷達標繪或與其相當?shù)南到y(tǒng)觀察 .Proper use shall be made of radar equipment if fitted and operational, including long-range scanning to obtain early warning of risk of collision and radar plotting or equivalent systematic observation

32、of detected objects.3. 不應當根據(jù)不充分的資料 ,特別是不充分的雷達觀測資料作出推斷 . Assumptions shall not be made on the basis of scanty information, especially scanty radar information4. 在斷定是否存在碰撞危險時 ,考慮的因素中應包括下列各點 :In determining if risk of collision exists the following considerations shall be among those taken into account

33、:(1) 如果來船的羅經方位沒有明顯的變化 ,每則應認為存在這種危險 ;Such risk shall be deemed to exist if the compass bearing of an approaching vessel does not appreciably change. (2)即使有明顯的方位變化 ,有時也可能存在這種危險 ,特別是在駛近一艘很大的船舶或拖帶船組時 ,或是在近距離駛近他船時 .Such risk may sometimes exist even when an appreciable bearing change is evident, particul

34、arly when approaching a very large vessel or a tow or when approaching a vessel at close range.第八條 避免碰撞的行動Rule 8 action to avoid collision1. 為避免碰撞所采取的任何行動 ,應按照本章的規(guī)定進行 .如當時環(huán)境許可 ,應是積極的 ,并應及早的進行和注意運用良好的船藝 . Any action to avoid collision shall be taken in accordance with the Rules of this Part and shall

35、, if the circumstances of the case admit, be positive, made in ample time and with due regard to the observance of good seamanship.2. 為避免碰撞而作的航向和 (或 )航速的任何變動 ,如當時環(huán)境許可 ,應大的足以使他船用視覺或雷達觀察時容易察覺到;應避免對航向和 (或 )航速作一連串的小變動 .Any alteration of course and/or speed to avoid collision shall, if the circumstances

36、of the case admit, be large enough to be readily apparent to another vessel observing visually or by radar; a succession of small alteration of course and/or speed should be avoided.3.如有足夠的水域 ,則單用轉向可能是避免緊迫局面的最有效行動 ,倘若這種行動是及時的 ,大幅度的并且不致造成另一緊迫局面 .If there is sufficient sea-room, alteration of course a

37、lone may be the most effective action to avoid a close-quarters situation provided that it is made in good time, is substantial and does not result in another close-quarter situation.4.為避免與他船碰撞而采取的行動 ,應能導致在安全的距離駛過 .應細心查核避讓行動的有效性 ,直到最后駛過讓清他船為止 .Action taken to avoid collision with another vessel shal

38、l be such as to result in passing at a safe distance. The effectiveness of the action shall be carefully checked until the other vessel is finally past and clear.5. 如需避免碰撞或需留有更多的時間來估計局面,船舶應當減速或者停止或倒轉推進器把船停住.If necessary to avoid collision or allow more time to assess the situation, a vessel shall sl

39、acken her speed or take all way off by stopping or reversing her means of propulsion.6. (1) 根據(jù)本規(guī)則任何規(guī)定 ,要求不得妨礙另一艘船舶通過或安全通過的船舶應根據(jù)當時環(huán)境的需要及早的采取行動以 留出足夠的水域供其它船舶安全通過 .A vessel which, by any of these Rules, is required not to impede the passage or safe passage of another vessel shall, when required by the

40、circumstances of the case, take early action to allow sufficient sea-room for the safe passage of the other vessel.(2) 如果在接近其它船舶致有碰撞危險時, 被要求不得妨礙另一船舶通過的船舶并不解除這一責任, 且當采取行動時 ,應充分考慮到本章各條可能要求的行動 .A vessel required not to impede the passage or safe passage of another vessel is not relieved of this obligat

41、ion if approaching the other vessel so as to involve risk of collision and shall, when taking action ,have full regard to the action which may be required by the Rules of this part.(3) 當兩船互相接近致有碰撞危險時 ,其通過不得被妨礙的船舶仍有完全遵守本章各條規(guī)定的責任.A vessel the passage of which is not to be impeded remains fully obliged

42、 to comply with the Rules of this part when the two vessels are approaching one another so as to involve risk of collision.第九條 狹水道Rule 9 narrow channels1. 船舶沿狹水道或航道行駛時 ,只要安全可行 ,應盡量靠近本船右舷的該水道或航道的外緣行駛.A vessel proceeding along the course of a narrow channel or fairway shall keep as near to the outer l

43、imit of the channel or fairway which lies on her starboard side as is safe and practicable.2. 帆船或者長度小于 20 米的船舶 ,不應妨礙只能在狹水道或航道以內安全航行的船舶通行.A vessel of less than 20 m in length or a sailing vessel shall not impede the passage of a vessel which can safely navigate only within a narrow channel or fairway

44、.3. 從事捕魚的船舶 ,不應妨礙任何其它在狹水道或航道以內航行的船舶通行.A vessel engaged in fishing shall not impede the passage of any other vessel navigating within a narrow channel or fairway.4. 船舶不應穿越狹水道或航道 ,如過這種穿越會妨礙只能在這種水道或航道以內安全航行的船舶通行.后者若對穿越船的意圖有懷疑時 ,可以使用第三十四條 4 款所規(guī)定的聲號 .A vessel shall not cross a narrow channel or fairway i

45、f such crossing impedes the passage of a vessel which can safely navigate only within such channel or fairway. The latter vessel may use the sound signal prescribed in Rule 34(d)if in doubt as to the intention of the crossing vessel.5. (1) 在狹水道或航道內 ,如只有在被追越船必須采取行動以允許安全通過才能追越時,則企圖追越的船 ,應鳴放第三十四條3 款 (1

46、) 項所規(guī)定的相應聲號 ,以表示本船的意圖 ,被追越船如果同意 ,應鳴放第三十四條 3 款 (2)項所規(guī)定的相應聲號 ,并采取 使之能安全通過的措施 .如有懷疑 ,則可以鳴放第三十四條 4 款所規(guī)定的聲號 .In a narrow channel or fairway when overtaking can take place only if the vessel to be overtaken has to take action to permit safe passing, the vessel intending to overtake shall indicate her inte

47、ntion by sounding the appropriate signal prescribed in Rule 34( c) (i), The vessel to be overtaken shall, if in agreement, sound the appropriate signal prescribed in Rule34( c)(ii) and take steps to permit safe passing. If in doubt she may sound the signals prescribed in Rule 34（d）.（2） 本條并不解除追越船根據(jù)第十

48、三條所負的義務 .This Rule does not relieve the overtaking vessel of her obligation under Rule 13. 6.船在駛近可能被居間障礙物遮蔽他船的狹水道或航道的彎頭或地段時,應特別機警和謹慎的駕駛 ,并應鳴放第三十四條 5 款所規(guī)定的相應聲號 .A vessel nearing a bend or an area of a narrow channel or fairway where other vessels may be obscured by an intervening obstruction shall na

49、vigate with particular alertness and caution and shall sound the appropriate signal prescribed in Rule34（e） 7.任何船舶 ,如當時環(huán)境許可 ,都應避免在狹水道內錨泊 .Any vessel shall, if the circumstances of the case admit, avoid anchoring in a narrow channel.第十條 分道通航制Rule 10 Traffic separation schemes1. 本條適用于本組織采納的分道通航制，但并不解除

50、任何船舶遵守任何其他各條規(guī)定的責任。This Rule applies to traffic separation schemes adopted by the Organization and does not relieve any vessel of her obligation under any other rule.2. 使用分道通航制區(qū)域的船舶應： A vessel using a traffic separation scheme shall:（1） .在相應的通航分道內順著該分道的船舶總流向行駛；Proceed in the appropriate traffic lane

51、in the general direction of traffic flow for that lane.（2）.盡可能讓開通航分隔線或分隔帶； So far as practicable keep clear of a traffic separation line or separation zone. （3）.通常在通航分道的端部駛進或駛出，但從分道的任何一側駛進或駛出時，應與分道的船舶總流向形成盡可能小的角度。Normally join or leave a traffic lane at the termination of the lane, but when joining

52、or leaving from either side shall do so at as small an angle to the general direction of traffic flow as practicable.3. 船舶應盡可能避免穿越通航分道，但如不得不穿越時，應盡可能用與分道的船舶總流向成直角的船首向穿越。A vessel shall, so far as practicable, avoid crossing traffic lanes but if obliged to do so shall cross on a heading as nearly as pr

53、acticable at right angles to the general direction of traffic flow.4. （1）.當船舶可安全使用鄰近分道通航制區(qū)域中相應通航分道時，不應使用沿岸通航帶。但長度小于20m 的船舶、帆船和從事捕魚的船舶可使用沿岸通航帶。A vessel shall not use an inshore traffic zone when she can safely use the appropriate traffic lane within the adjacent traffic separation scheme. However, ve

54、ssels of less than 20 m in length, sailing vessels and vessels engaged in fishing may use the inshore traffic zone.（2） .盡管有本條 4（1）規(guī)定當船舶抵離位于沿岸通航帶中的港口,近岸設施或建筑物、引航站或任何其他地方或為避免緊迫危險時，可使用沿岸通航帶。Not with standing subparagraph （d） （i）, a vessel may use an inshore traffic zone when en route to or from a port,

55、 offshore installation or structure, pilot station or any other place situated within the inshore traffic zone, or to avoid immediate danger.5. 除穿越船或者駛進或駛出通航分道的船舶外，船舶通常不應進入分隔帶或穿越分隔線，除非：A vessel other than a crossing vessel or a vessel joining or leaving a lane shall not normally enter a separation z

56、one or cross a separation line except: （1） .在緊急情況下避免緊迫危險； In cases of emergency to avoid immediate danger.（2） .在分隔帶內從事捕魚。 To engage in fishing within a separation zone.6. 船舶在分道通航制區(qū)域端部附近行駛時，應特別謹慎。A vessel navigating in areas near the terminations of traffic separation schemes shall do so with particu

57、lar caution.7. 船舶應盡可能避免在分道通航制區(qū)域內或其端部附近錨泊。A vessel shall so far as practicable avoid anchoring in a traffic separation scheme or in areas near its terminations.8. 不使用分道通航制區(qū)域的船舶應盡可能遠離該區(qū)。A vessel not using a traffic separation scheme shall avoid it by as wide a margin as is practicable.9. 從事捕魚的船舶不應妨礙通航

58、分道行駛的任何船舶的通行。A vessel engaged in fishing shall not impede the passage of any vessel following a traffic lane.10. 帆船或長度小于 20n 的船舶不應妨礙按通航分道行駛的機動船的安全通行。A vessel of less than 20 m in length or a sailing vessel shall not impede the safe passage of a power-driven vessel following a traffic lane.11. 操縱能力受到限制的船舶，當在分道通航制區(qū)域內從事維護航行安全的作業(yè)時，在執(zhí)行該作業(yè)所需的限度內，免受本條規(guī)定的約束。A vessel restricted in her ability to manoeuvre when engaged in an operation for the maintenance of safety of navigation in a traffic separation scheme is exempted from complying