完形填空與解析

1、完形填空與解析 （ 二）、解題技巧高考英語試題中的 完形填空 是一種測試考生英語知識綜合運用能力的題 型，學生普遍感到其難度較大 。下面談一談做好完形填空題的技巧和方法：一）、快速跳讀全文，抓住大意首先快速跳讀全文1-3遍，抓住全文的主旨，了解作者的態(tài)度、意圖、褒 貶目的等，這是選擇正確答案的先決條件。完形填空所用短文沒有標題， 但一般首句是一個沒有空白的完整的句子， 往往點 明短文的性質如議論、 說明或敘述等。 它能為我們預測短文的體裁與全文大意提 供重要信息。我們應學會跳過空格通讀短文1-3遍， 抓住首句的信息，進而 捕捉全文中的關鍵詞語，并特別注意那些表示因果、遞進、轉折、指代等意義的

2、連接詞、副詞、同位語，最后歸納出全文大意，掌握全文主旨。二）、瀏覽答案，明確要求在跳讀全文、抓住大意之后，開始填空。此時應要求學生耐心觀察，仔細揣 摩，理解已知信息的意義，理順詞句之間的邏輯關系、上下文的聯(lián)系，推理判斷 得出最佳選擇。三）、避開疑點，先易后難掌握全文大意以后，可以以此為主線，對所給 A、B、C、D中的詞語的確切 含義進行分析比較， 瞻前顧后， 仔細觀察上下文中的暗示和含義。 然后運用邏輯 思維去推理判斷選定答案。 填空過程應從易到難， 遇到少數(shù)疑難問題時不可徘徊 不前，那樣會影響做題速度， 不如暫時繞開難點， 先去處理那些為上下文能確定 的直接的、明確的答案。一般固定詞組、習慣

3、搭配、常見句型與明顯的語法結構 等容易判斷。四）、仔細斟酌，解決疑難走完兩步，通讀全文3遍，借助已補全的空白，對全文有較清楚的理解。接 著集中解決少數(shù)疑難問題。 先看看哪些詞語的意義與本文意思不符， 然后再綜合 運用詞法、語法知識，仔細反復推敲，選出正確答案。 （五）、復讀原文，驗 證答案 完成了填空，不可孤立地去檢查各個填空，還要再通讀一遍全文，再檢查一次， 看看選詞是否得當，語法是否正確，文意是否貫通，邏輯推理是否合理。要求我 們從思想上重視這最后的彌補疏漏、改正錯誤的機會， 以爭取好成績。、例題分析Todd was working at his gas station at night

4、when he heard over the radio that a 1 in Long Island had been 2 by an armed man who had killed the night guard and got away with 150, 000. One hundred and fifty thousand,Todd whistled. Heres a fellow who just3into a bank and helps himself4so much money. Todd thought ofthe 5with which he managed to g

5、et the amount of money he6to start his gas station.So many papers to7, so much money topay back.The news 8twenty minutes later. The gunmanhad9 acar for a ride, and then 10 out the driver. He waspossibly 11 the Southern State Parkway in a white Ford. License plate（車牌） numberLJR 1939 The12of the annou

6、ncer continued;“ 13 outfor white cars. Dont pick up 14, and all you folks in gasstations better not do 15to a white Ford car.”Todd stood up and16to see out into the cold night. It wasdark but Todd17the Southern State Parkway was out there. Just18, Todd saw the headlights coming at him and a car pull

7、ed in for19 There it was, a white Ford. He saw the 20 , LJR1939 “What should I do? ”Todd had to make a qu ick 21 “Yes, sir? ”Todd22while making up his mind for sure.“ 23 her up, ”the man said sounding like any other24 When the tank was full, Todd quickly turned round and pointed a gun at the man.“Ha

8、nds up25 get out! ”1AstoreBbank CstationD house2Asearched for B held up C taken overD broken into3Awalks B looks C marches Ddrives 4AforBby Cto Dof5Asatisfaction B difficulty C disappointmentD spirit6AsavedBmade CofferedDneeded7AcollectB prove C signD write8AcontinuedB lasted C spreadD arrived9Aboug

9、htBborrowed C stolenD stopped11 A calling from B fleeing from C heading for D looking for12. A.newsB. warning C . adviceD. voice13. A.LookB . Run C. CallD . Set14. A.guests B. strangers C . prisonersD . passengers15. A.harmB . favor C . serviceD . business16. A.triedB . decided C . hopedD . happened

10、17. A.considered B . knew C. recognisedD . learnt18. A.thenB. there C . rightD. now19. A.directions B. repairs C . gasD . parking20. A.markB . number C. signD . name21. A.decisionB. call C . movementD . remark22. A.wonderedB. stopped C. waitedD . asked23. A.CoverB . Fill C . CheckD . Tie24. A.visito

11、r B .robber C . driverD.rider25. A.orB . and C. butD. to解析1. B從第三個空后面的 a bank 可知。2. D從后文 killed the night guard and got away with$ 150, 000可知,是闖入了銀行 。3. A 從上文可知，持槍人闖入了銀行，并拿走了錢，故排除B項。C項 是行軍的意思 , 意思不符。從下文此人劫了一輛車 , 說明持槍人沒開車來 , 故 排除 D 項。4. C help oneself to sth. 是慣用法。注意這里不是 自用（食物）等 ， 而是隨便用 的意思。5. B 此時To

12、dd聽到持槍人很容易就闖進銀行，拿走了 $ 150, 000與自 己為了開這個加油站而籌錢的不容易形成了鮮明的對比。6D 從下文 So much money to pay back 可知, Todd 開加油站的錢是借 的,故排除A B、C項。因此,是他需要這筆錢。7. C papers在此指的是票據(jù),故選C項。A項是搜集的意思。C、D兩 項不符題意。8. A 從 twenty minutes later 可知 , 這新聞不是持續(xù)報導的 , 中間有間 斷，故排除B項。C D項不符合原文。且第12個空后有continued 詞也能暗 示考生。9. D 從下文把司機推出來 可知, 持槍人劫了一輛轎車

13、。10. D push the driver 意思是 把司機推出來 。11 . C head for 表示劫車以后 , 他可能 朝 the Southern State Parkway 方向開去 。12. D 從后面的 of the announcer 可知, 該句指播音員的聲音繼續(xù)著。13. A 從上文 , 持槍人劫的是白色的 Ford 車, 因此, 要留心注意白色的 轎車。14. B 廣播號召聽眾和他們在加油站工作的親屬們不要接納陌生人。 故排 除了 A、C、D項。15. C B、D項不符語法。A項不符原文。故D項的意思是不要給白色的 Ford 轎車加油 。16. A 從下文it was

14、dar k but可知,Todd盡力往外看,但是天黑。17. B A、C D項不符邏輯，因為Todd是本地人。他當然知道廣播中所 說的 the Southern State Parkway 在哪里。18. A C項在此文中不符語法。D項不符邏輯。Todd看到一輛轎車行駛過 來，肯定行駛在the Southern State Parkway這個地方，故排除B項。因此Just then, 強調正當 Todd 往外看的時候 , 一輛轎車開過來了。19. C 該句意思是一輛轎車開進來加油。因為Todd所在的地方是加油 站，故選C項。20. B 由后面LJR1939提醒考生填number表示車牌號。21

15、. A 從上文What shall I do? 可知，Todd不得不盡快做出決定。22. D 從上文 Yes, sir? 先生, 什么事可知, Todd 在詢問。23B 從下文 When the tank was full可知, fill her up的意思是 把這輛車加滿油 。24C 該句意思為 那個人說起話來就像別的司機一樣 。25B Todd 很快轉身把槍對準了 the man, 并且命令 舉起手來 , 下車?？寺〈笳搼?zhàn)Before we assume that the market for humanclones consists mainly of narcissists who t

16、hink the world deserves more of them or neo-Nazis who dream of cloning Hitler or crackpots and mavericks and mischief-makers of all kinds, it is worth taking a tour of the marketplace. Wemight just meet ourselves there.All it took was that first headline about the astonishing ewe, and fertility expe

17、rts began to hear the questions every day. Our two-year-old daughter died in a car crash; we saved a lock of her hair in a babybook.Can you clone her? Why does the law allow people more freedom to destroy fetuses than to create them? My husband had cancer and is sterile. Can you help us?The inquirie

18、s are pouring in because some scientists are ever more willing to say yes, perhaps we can. Recent cover stories in Wired and the NewYork Times Magazine tracked the efforts of the Raelians, a religious group committed to, among other things, welcoming the first extraterrestrials when they appear. The

19、y intend to clone the cells of a dead 10-month-old boy whose devastated parents hope, in effect, to bring him back to life as a newborn. The Raelians say they have the lab and the scientists, and-most important, considering the amount of trial and error involved-they say they have 50 women lined up

20、to act as surrogates to carry a cloned baby to term.At that moment, at least two things will happen-one private, one public. The meaning of what it is to be human-which until nowhas involved, at the very least, the mysterious melding of two different peoples DNA-will shift forever, along with our un

21、derstanding of the relationship between parents and children, means and ends, ends and beginnings. And as a result, the conversation that has occupied scientists and ethicists for years, about how much man should mess with nature when it comes to reproduction, will drop onto every kitchen table, eve

22、ry pulpit, every politicians desk. Our fierce national debate over issues like abortion and euthanasia will seemtame and transparent compared with the questions that human cloning raises.The more scared people are of someof this research, scientists worry, the less likely they are to tolerate any of

23、 it. Yet variations on cloning technology are already used in biotechnology labs all across the country. It is these techniques that will allow, amongother things, the creationof cloned herds of sheep and cows that produce medicines in their milk.Researchers also hope that one day, the ability to cl

24、one adult humancells will make it possible to grow new hearts and livers and nerve cells.我們總是一相情愿地假定克隆人的市場主要由那些認為世界上應該多幾個 自己的自大狂、夢想克隆希特勒的新納粹或者是瘋子、怪人、惹事鬼構成，但在 下這個結論之前， 我們很有必要先做一次克隆市場之旅。 也許在那里， 我們會發(fā) 現(xiàn)自己的身影。這一切都源于各大媒體對于那只驚人的母羊所進行的大肆報道和渲染， 于是 生育專家們開始日復一日地面對這些問題了：我們兩歲的女兒在車禍中死去了， 我們在一本嬰兒書里保留了她的一綹頭發(fā)， 你能克隆她

25、嗎？為什么法律允許人們 有墮胎的自由卻不讓他們創(chuàng)造一個生命？我丈夫患了癌癥而且沒有生育能力， 你 能幫助我們嗎？這些詢問鋪天蓋地而來，因為一些科學家們在面對這些問題時，更愿意說 是 ，或者我們能夠 。最近的連線雜志和紐約時代雜志封面故事披露 了一個宗教團體 Raelians- 他們的諸多主張之一是歡迎第一個到達地球的外星 人的種種嘗試，這個組織打算為一對傷心欲絕的夫婦克隆他們去世的10 個月大的嬰兒的細胞，并最終使其獲得新生。 Raelians 宣稱他們有實驗室和科學家， 并且 - 也是最重要的，考慮到試驗的數(shù)量及可能發(fā)生的錯誤 - 他們稱已經有 50 位婦女等著做 代理媽媽 ，讓克隆寶寶在她

26、們的子宮內發(fā)育出生。到那時，至少會產生兩方面的影響 - 一是在私人領域內， 一是在公眾領域內。 人之所以為人的意義-至今為止它至少還要包括兩個不同的人的 DNAtt秘合成 的過程 - 將會永遠改變，同時，我們對于父與子、手段和目的、結果與開端之間 關系的理解也將永遠改變。 結果會是：多年來科學家和倫理學家之間關于在繁殖 這一點上人類應該在多大程度上改變自然規(guī)律的爭論， 將會活生生地出現(xiàn)在每一 個餐桌，每一個講道壇，每一個政治家的桌子上。與克隆人所帶來的問題相比， 我們國家關于墮胎和安樂死的最為激烈的論戰(zhàn)都將變得平淡無味，容易解決。科學家們擔心， 人們對于這種研究的某些內容越恐懼， 他們就越不能

27、容忍整 個研究。但是，國內所有的生物工藝學實驗室都已經使用克隆技術的種種變體了。 正是這些技術使人們可以創(chuàng)造能產出藥物奶的羊和牛。 研究人員也希望， 有一天 克隆成年人細胞的能力可以用來讓人們 長出 新的心臟、肝臟和神經細胞。高中英語易混易錯詞匯總結（一）年級：高科目：英 語編稿： 李俊和 審稿：李俊和 責 編: 張 曉俊1. clothes, cloth, clothing clothes 統(tǒng)指各種衣服，謂語動詞永遠是復數(shù)， cloth 指布，為不可數(shù)名詞 clothing 服裝的總稱，指一件衣服用 a piece of, an article of2. incident, accident

28、incident 指小事件 , accident 指不幸的事故 He was killed in the accident.3. amount, numberamount 后接不可數(shù)名詞， number 后接可數(shù)名詞 a number of students4. family, house, homehouse 房子，住宅，family 家庭成員 . Myfamilyhome 家，包括住處和家人， is a happy one.5. sound, voice, noisesound 自然界各種各樣的聲音， voice 人的嗓音， noise 噪音 I hate the loud noise o

29、utside.6. photo, picture, drawingphoto 用照相機拍攝的照片， picture 可指相片，圖片，電影片， drawing 畫 的畫 Lets go and see a good picture.7. vocabulary, wordvocabulary 詞匯，一個人擁有的單詞量， word 具體的單詞 He has a large vocabulary.8. population, peoplepopulation 人口，人數(shù)， people 具體的人 China has a large population.9. weather, climateweath

30、er 一天內具體的天氣狀況， climate 長期的氣候狀況 The climate here is not good for you.10. road, street, path, wayroad 具體的公路，馬路， street 街道， path 小路，小徑， way 道路，途徑 take this road; in the street, show me the way to the museum.11. course, subjectcourse 課程（可包括多門科目） ，subject 科目（具體的學科） a summercourse12. custom, habitcustom 傳

31、統(tǒng)風俗，習俗，也可指生活習慣，后接 to do ， habit 生活習慣， 習慣成自然，后接 of doing. Ive got the habit of drinking a lot.13. cause, reasoncause 指造成某一事實或現(xiàn)象的直接原因，后接 of sth./doing sth ， reason 用來解釋某種現(xiàn)象或結果的理由，后接 for sth./doing sth. the reason for being late14. exercise, exercises, practiceexercise 運動，鍛煉（不可數(shù)）， exercises 練習（可數(shù)）， pra

32、ctice （反復 做的）練習 Practice makes perfect.15. class, lesson作課解時,兩者可以替換.指課文用 lesson. 指班級或全體學生用 class. lesson 6; class 516. speech, talk, lecturespeech 指在公共場所所做的經過準備的較正式的演說， talk 日常生活中的一 般的談話，講話，lecture 學術性的演講，講課 a series of lecture on 17. officer, officialofficer 部隊的軍官， official 政府官員 an army officer18.

33、work, job二者均指工作。 work 不可數(shù)， job 可數(shù) a good job19. couple, paircouple 主要指人或動物， pair 多指由兩部分組成的東西 a pair of trousers20. country, nation, state, landcountry 側重指版圖， 疆域， nation 指人民， 國民，民族， state 側重指政府， 政體， land 國土，國家 The whole nation was sad at the news.21. cook, cookercook 廚師， cooker 廚具 He is a good cook.2

34、2. damage, damagesdamage不可數(shù)名詞，損害，損失；damages復數(shù)形式，賠償金$900 damages23. police, policemanpolice 警察的總稱，后接復數(shù)謂語動詞， policeman 指某個具體的警察 The police are questioning everyone in the house.24. problem, questionproblem 常和困難連系，前面的動詞常為 think about, solve, raise ，question 常和疑問連系，多和 ask, answer 連用25. man, a manman人類，a

35、 man 個男人 Man will conquer nature.26. chick, chicken二者均可指小雞， chicken 還可以當雞肉 The chicken is delicious.27. telegram, telegraph當電報解時， telegram 指具體的， telegraph 指抽象的 a telegram, by telegraph28. trip, journey, travel, voyagetravel 是最常用的， trip 指短期的旅途， journey 指稍長的旅途， voyage 指 海上航行 a three-day trip29. sport,

36、 gamesport多指戶外的游戲或娛樂活動，如打球，游泳，打獵，賽馬等；game指決定勝負的游戲，通常有一套規(guī)則 His favorite sport is swimming.30. price, prizeprice 價格， prize 獎，獎品，獎金 win the first prize The price is high/low.31. a number of, the number ofa number of許多，謂語動詞用復數(shù)。the number of的數(shù)目，謂語動詞用 單數(shù)。 The number of students is increasing.32. in front

37、of, in the front ofin front of 范圍外的前面， in the front of 范圍內的前面 In the front of the room sits a boy.33. of the day, of a dayof the day每一天的，當時的，當代的，of a day暫時的，不長久的a famous scientist of the day34. three of us, the three of usthree of us 我們（不止三個）中的三個， the three of us 我們三個（就三 個人）The three of us-Tom, Jack

38、 and I went to the cinema.35. by bus, on the busby bus 表手段，方式，不用冠詞， on the bus 表范圍 They went there by bus.36. for a moment, for the momentfor a moment 片刻，一會丿L, for the moment暫時，一時 Thinking for a moment, he agreed.37. next year, the next yearnext year 將來時間狀語， the next year 過去將來時間狀語 He said he would g

39、o abroad the next year.38. more than a year, more than one yearmore than a year 一年多， more than one year 超過一年（兩年或三年等）39. take advice, take the(ones) advicetake advice 征求意見， take the advice 接受忠告 He refused to take the advice and failed again.40. take air, take the airtake air 傳播，走漏， take the air 到戶外去，

40、散步 We take the air every day.41. in a word, in wordsin a word 總之，一句話， in words 口頭上 In a word, you are right.42. in place of, in the place ofin place of 代替，in the place of 在地方 A new building is built in the place of the old one.43. in secret, in the secretin secret 秘密地，暗自地，偷偷地，一般用作狀語； in the secret 知

41、道內 情，知道秘密， 一般用作表語 My mother was in the secret from the beginning.44. a girl, one girla girl 可泛指所有女孩 , one girl 一個女孩 Can one girl carry such a big box?45. take a chair, take the chairtake a chair 相當于 sit down 坐下， take the chair 開始開會46. go to sea, by sea, by the seago to sea 當海員，出航， by sea 乘船，由海路， by

42、the sea 在海邊 go by sea47. the doctor and teacher, the doctor and the teacherthe doctor and teacher 指一個人，既是醫(yī)生又是老師， the doctor and the teacher 兩個人，一個醫(yī)生和一個老師 the doctor and teacher is48. in office, in the officein office 在職的， in the office 在辦公室里 He is in office, not out of office.49. in bed, on the bedi

43、n bed 臥在床上， on the bed 在床上 The book is on the bed. He is ill in bed.50. in charge of, in the charge ofin charge of 管理，負責照料， in the charge of 由照料 He is in charge of the matter. The matter is in the charge of her.51. in class, in the classin class 在課上， in the class 在班級里 He is the best student in the c

44、lass.52. on fire, on the fireon fire 著火,on the fire 在火上 Put the food on the fire. The house is on fire.53. out of question, out of the questionout of question 毫無疑問的， out of the question 不可能的54. a second, the seconda second 又一，再一，the second 第 He won the second prize.55. by day, by the dayby day 白天， b

45、y the day 按天計算 The workers are paid by the day.56. the people, a peoplethe people 指人， a people 指民族 The Chinese is a peace-loving people.57. it, oneit 同一物體， one 同類不同一 I lost my pen. I have to buy a new one.58. that, thisthat指代上文所提到的，this導出下文所要說的I was ill. Thats why 59. none, nothing, no onenone強調有多少，

46、nothing, no one強調有沒有，nothing 指物，no one指人 - How many -/How much ? - None.60. anyone, any oneanyone指人，不能接 of， anyone 指人物均可，可接 of anyone of you61. who, whatwho指姓名或關系，what指職業(yè)或地位 What is your dad? He is a teacher.62. what, whichwhat 的選擇基礎是無限制的， which 在一定范圍內進行選擇 Which do you prefer, bananas or apples?63.

47、other, anotherother 后接名詞復數(shù)， another 后接名詞單數(shù) other students, another student64. not a little, not a bitnot a little 非常， not a bit 一點也不 Im not a bit tired.我一點兒也 不累。65. many, much, a lot ofmany和可數(shù)名詞連用，much和不可數(shù)名詞連用，a lot of可數(shù)，不可數(shù)均可， 但不用于否定句 I havent many books.66. much more than, many more thanmuch moret

48、han 后接形容詞或不可數(shù)名詞，many morethan 后接可數(shù)名詞many more people, much more water, much more beautiful67. no, notno=not a/any no friend=not a/any friend no water=not any water68. no more than, not more thanno more than 相當于 only ，僅僅，只有， not more than 至多，不超過69. majority, mostmajority 只能修飾可數(shù)名詞， most 可數(shù)不可數(shù)均可 the ma

49、jority of people70. by oneself, for oneself, to oneself, of oneselfby oneself 單獨的，獨自的， for oneself 為自己， to oneself 供自己用的， of oneself 自行的，自動的 The door opened of itself.71. at all, after allat all 根本，全然 , after all 到底，畢竟 After all he is a child.72. tall, hightall 常指人或動物， high 常指物體 He is tall.73. fast,

50、 quicklyfast 側重于指人或物體具有運動速度快的特點， quickly 側重指某事完成或發(fā) 生的快 run fast, answer the question quickly74. high, highlyhigh 具體的高， highly 抽象的高，高度的 think highly of75. healthy, healthfulhealthy 健康的，健壯的， healthful 有益于健康的 healthful exercise76. sleeping, asleep, sleepysleeping 正在睡覺， asleep 睡著，熟睡，只能做表語， sleepy 困的，有睡意

51、 的 a sleeping baby The baby is asleep. Im sleepy.77. gold, goldengold 指真金制品， golden 指金色的，但金魚用 gold fish a gold ring78. most, mostlymost用于表感受的肯定句中，相當于 very，當大部分，大多數(shù)解時是形容詞 或名詞，mostly 大部分,是畐寸詞 most people, the people are mostly 79. just, veryjust 表強調時是畐詞，作狀語， very 表強調時是形容詞，用作定語 the very man, just the m

52、an80. wide, broadwide 側重于一邊到另一邊的距離， broad 側重于幅面的寬廣 broad shouldersHow the word Radar Was CoinedUnder proper conditions ，sound waves will be reflected from a hillside or other such obstruction Sound travels at the rate of about one-fifth of a mile per second If the hill is eleven hundred feet away，it

53、 takestwo seconds for the sound to travel to the hill and backThus， by timing the interval between a sound and its reflection （the echo），you can estimate the distance to an obstruction During World War n the British used a practicalapplicationof thisprinciple to detect Germanplanes on their way to b

54、ombLondon long before the enemywasnear the target They used radio waves instead of sound waves， since radio waves can penetrate fog and clouds The outnumbered Royal Air Force （RAF）always seemed to the puzzled Germansto be lying in wait at the right time and never to be surprisedIt was radio echoes more thananything else that won the Battle of BritainSince the radio waves were used to tell the direction in which to send the RAF planes and the distance to send