定語從句關系代詞關系副詞非限制性定語從句(1)

1、定語從句（一）-關系代詞的用法一定語從句的概念在復合句中，修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句。被修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞，定語從句一般放在先行詞的后面。引導定語從句的詞叫做關系詞。關系詞有三個作用：1、引導定語從句;2、代替先行詞；3、在定語從句中擔當一個成分。二、定語從句的關系詞引導定語從句的關系詞有關系代詞和關系副詞，常見的關系代詞包括that， which， who， whom和whose，關系副詞包括where， when， why等。三、關系代詞的用法關系代詞指代人還是物在從句中的成分That人和物主語和賓語Which物主語和賓語Who人主語和賓語Whom人賓語Whose人和物定語部

2、分特殊先行詞的關系詞選擇先行詞在從句中的作用或成分關系詞時間時間狀語When= in/on/during/at+ which主語/賓語That/which地點場合地點狀語Where=in/on/at + which主語/賓語That/whichReason原因狀語Why=for which(非限制性定語從句只能用for which)主語/賓語That/whichWay方式狀語That/in which/省略主語/賓語That/whichPoint,situation, condition,stage,case地點狀語Where=in which主語/賓語That/whichMary likes

3、 music that is quiet and gentle.瑪麗喜歡輕柔的音樂。（that作主語）The coat （that） I put on the desk is blue.（that作賓語）2.whichThe building which stands near the train station is a supermarket. （作主語）The film （which） we saw last night was wonderful. （作賓語）3. who指人在從句中做主語或賓語，作主語不可省略，作賓語可省略。例如：The boys who are playing fo

4、otball are from Class One.翻譯： 4.whom指人，在定語從句中充當賓語，常用who代替，可省略。例如：Mr. Ling is just the man whom I want to see.翻譯： 5.whose通常指人，也可指物，在定語從句中做定語 (1)Hehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor. (2)Ioncelivedinahousewhoseroofhasfallenin. (3)Theclassroomwhosedoorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired. (4)Theclassroomthedoorofwhic

5、hisbrokenwillsoonberepaired. (5)Doyoulikethebookwhosecoverisyellow? (6)Doyoulikethebookthecolorofwhichisyellow? 2. 關系詞只能用that的情況：a. 先行詞被序數詞或形容詞最高級所修飾，或本身是序數詞、基數詞、形容詞最高級時;例如：He was the first person that passed the exam. 他是第一個通過考試的人。b. 被修飾的先行詞為all， any， much， many， everything， anything， none， the one等

6、不定代詞時；例如：Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop？你在商店里有什么要買的東西嗎？c. 先行詞被the only， the very， the same， the last， little， few 等詞修飾時；例如：This is the same bike that I lost.這就是我丟的那輛自行車。d. 先行詞里同時含有人和物時；例如：I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.我能清楚記得我在那個房間所見到的人和一

7、些照片。e. 以who或which引導的特殊疑問句，為避免重復，只能用that.例如：Who is the girl that is crying？ 正在哭泣的那個女孩是誰？1. Do you know the man who is talking with our teacher?先行詞是 ，關系代詞是 ，指（人/物），在定語從句中作 語。2. This is the doctor whom I saw yesterday. 先行詞是 ，關系代詞是 ，指（人/物），在定語從句中作 語。3. Do you like the book whose color is blue?先行詞是 ，關系代詞

8、是 ，指（人/物），在定語從句中作 語。4. Ive lost the pen which I like best.先行詞是 ，關系代詞是 ，指（人/物），在定語從句中作 語。5. The person that telephoned me is a reporter先行詞是 ，關系代詞是 ，指（人/物），在定語從句中作 語。做題思路：1、首先要分清主句與從句；2、然后找出先行詞3、分析從句中缺少什么成分；4、再看先行詞指人，還是指物；5、在此基礎上，選定恰當的關系代詞。1.The man _ is standing there is my father.A. who B. whom C. w

9、hich2. The girl _coat is red is waiting at the gateA. whos B. whose C. that of which.3. That is the day _Ill never forget.A. which B. on which C. in which D. when4. Who was the man _ spoke to you just now?A.who B. whom C. that 5. It is the best film _ she has ever seen.A. that B. which C. when 6.Chi

10、na is a country _ has a long history. A. who B. which C. where 7. The boy _ I talked with just now is my best friend. A. who B. which C. where8. We know Jackie Chan _ movies are verypopular with the young. A. whose B. that C. who D. which9. He talked a lot about things and persons _they remembered i

11、n the school.A. which B. that C. whom D. what10. The pen _he is writing is mine.A. with which B. in which C. on which D. by which填上適合的關系代詞并指出在句子中作什么成分。1.The family _had lost everything in a big fire got much help from their friends.2.This is the book you want.3. I once lived in a house window was br

12、oken.4. The first thing _you must do is to have a meal.5. The house _we live in is very old.6. Didnt you see the man _I talked with just now？7. Im waiting for the woman with you talked just now.8. The town in he lives is far from here.9 This is the biggest building _we have ever built in our school.

13、10. This is the second school _ I used to work at, and many students there still have contact with me.定語從句（二）-關系副詞的用法一概述定語從句中的關系副詞是where ，when 和why，1. when指時間，在定語從句中作時間狀語eg. I still remember the day when I first came to the school.2. where指地點，在定語從句中作地點狀語eg. Shanghai is the city where I was born.3. w

14、hy指原因，在定語從句中作原因狀語eg. Please tell me the reason why you are late.其中why 的用法比較固定，通常先行詞必須是the reason， when 和where的用法要求有兩點，第一，先行詞分別表示時間和地點，第二，一定要在從句中作狀語，否則即使先行詞是指時間地點的也不能用when 和where。二關系副詞=介詞+關系代詞關系副詞引導的從句可以由“介詞+關系代詞”引導的從句替換why=for which where=in/at which when=in/on/during which：1. The reason why/ for wh

15、ich he refused the invitation is not clear.翻譯： 2. I dont know the year when/in which he went to school.翻譯： 3. Great changes have taken place in the city in which./where I was born. 翻譯： 三. 判斷關系代詞與關系副詞的辨別：方法一： 用關系代詞，還是關系副詞完全取決于從句中的謂語動詞。不及物動詞后面無賓語，就必須要求用關系副詞或者是介詞加關系代詞；而及物動詞后接賓語，則要求用關系代詞。例如：This is the

16、village where I stayed last year.Ill never forget the days when I worked together with you.方法二： 準確判斷先行詞在定語從句中的成分(主、謂、賓、定、狀)，也能正確選擇出關系代詞/關系副詞。Is this the museum _ the exhibition was held? Is this the museum _you visited? A.where B. that C. on which 1. That is the town _ he was born. A.which B. where

17、C. when D. why2.Isthisthefactory_heworkedtenyearsago? A.that B.where C.which D.theone3. Is this the river _I can swim？A. which B. in which C. that D. the one4. I love places _the people are really friendly.A. that B. which C. where D. who5. It there anyone in your class _family is in the country?A.

18、who B. whos C. which D. whose6. I can never forget the day _ we worked together and the day _ we spent together.A. when; which B. which; when C. what; that D. on which; when7. This is the reason _he didnt come to the meeting.A. in which B. with which C. that D. for which8.The house I lived ten years

19、 ago has been pulled down.9. The house I lived in ten years ago has been pulled down.10. I dont know the reason he looks unhappy today.考點一：關系代詞who,whom,whose的選擇：1. This is the man _often helps you.2. He is the student _composition won the first prize.3. Dont get close to the house _roof is under rep

20、air.4. The person with _I shook hands is my teacher.考點二：關系代詞和關系副詞的選擇：1.This is the market _you can buy many things . This is the market _sells all kinds of things.2. (1) Theres one point _we must insist on. (2) She reached a point _she was supposed to make decisions of her own.3. (1) I didnt believe

21、 the reason _he explained to me.(2) I didnt believe the reason _ he went there.4. Its a job _ you are doing something serious but interesting. Its a job_ I dislike 5. There was a time _I hated to go to school.非限制性定語從句Revision 定語從句(attributive clauses)通常由關系代詞或關系副詞引出。常見的關系代詞有: _(指物), _(既可指人又可指物), _指人，

22、在定語從句中作主語或賓語), _(指人，在定語從句中作賓語),_(指人或物，作定語)等。關系副詞有:_(指時間), _(指地點), _(指原因)等。用適合的關系代詞或副詞填空1. I sat next to a girl _ name was Dina.2. Students _ do not make good use of their time may fail their exams.3. David was one of the most helpful students _ we ever had.4. We talk about poems and poets _ we like

23、.5. Do you remember the day _ we left you in charge?6. Do you remember the day _ we spent together? 7. I dont know the reason _ the house is so dirty.8. I dont believe the reason _ he gave us.9. We learn in a classroom _ windows are broken .10. Yueyang is the place _ I was born .非限制性定語從句定義 定語從句分為限制性

24、定語從句(restrictive )和非限制性定語從句(non-restrictive)兩種。限制性定語從句緊跟先行詞, 與先行詞之間一般不加逗號；非限制性定語從句與主句之間通常用逗號分開。Non-restrictive attributive clauses:1. Im taking weight-loss pills called Fat-Less, which are quite popular among young women here.2. Its the same in Chinamany people, some of whom are not overweight at al

25、l, are always going on diet or taking weight-loss pills, which are often dangerous.Example 11. His father, who works in Beijing, came back yesterday.2. Shanghai, which is in East China, is developing rapidly.Conclusion 1當先行詞是地名、人名、世界上獨一無二的事物或家庭唯一成員時，通常只用_定語從句修飾。This is the house (which/ that )we bou

26、ght last month. 這是我們上個月買的那幢房子。2. The house, which we bought last month, is very nice. 這房子很漂亮,是我們上個月買的。1. _從句與先行詞關系密切,是先行詞不可缺少的部分,如果去掉它，主句意思往往不明確。 2. 非限制性定語從句是對先行詞的補充或說明, 去掉它也_ 影響主句的意思。注意：非限制性定語從句,不可that引導非限制性定語從句考點歸納：as 和which引導非限制性定語從句, 代替整個主句。Example:1. As everyone knows,China is a country with a

27、long history. 眾所周知，中國是一個歷史悠久的國家。2. She is a teacher, as is clear from her manner. 她是個教師, 這一點從她的舉止可以清楚地看出。3. He missed the show, which was really a great pity. 他錯過了演出，這真是很大的遺憾。1. as 和which在引導非限制性定語從句時, as和which可代替整個主句，相當于and this或and that。2. as和which引導非限制性定語從句的不同之處在于：(1) as 引導的定語從句可置于_,而which引導的定語從句不

28、可放在句首。as引導非限制性從句,常帶有“正如”的意思。Alice received an invitation from her boss, _ came as a surprise.2. The weather turned out to be very good, _ was more than we could expect. 3. _ is expected, the England team won the football match.4. _ we can see, the smoke came from the little dustbin.5.The air quality

29、 in the city, _ is shown in the report, has improved over the past two months.A. that B. it C. as D. whatII. all / some/ of + whom / which引導非限制性定語從句Example:He has told us many stories, all of which are about the famous Long Match.2. The students of Class 1, some of whom came from Japan, went camping

30、 yesterday.Conclusion 在非限制性定語從句中,一些表達數量或定位的數詞或代詞如 all/ some/ one/ both/ neither/ none/ any/ either/ any 等可與 of 構成介詞詞組修飾限制先行詞,此時先行詞在其后的定語從句中作介詞的賓語,關系代詞不可用that。如先行詞指人則用 _ ，如先行詞指物則用_引導從句。1. The famous basketball star, _ comes from America, will visit our school soon.2. In those days, she used to go to

31、Mr black,with _ she had a wonderful time.3. I bought a car yesterday, _ cost me a lot.4. Xian, _ I visited last year, is a nice old city.5. He will come to see me next July, _ he wont be so busy.6. The school, _ I once studied, was built thirty years ago.7. John said hed been working in the office f

32、or an hour, _ was true.8. _ we all know, he is good at English.改錯1. Many students in this school, some of which are not overweight, are going on diets.2. There are 54 students in my class and ten of whom come from US.3. I have many friends in this town, some of which are businessman. 4. I am doing d

33、ifferent types of exercises, all of them are quite helpful to my health.選擇1.The growing speed of a plant is influenced by a number of factors, _ are beyond our control. A.most of them B. most of which C. most of what D. most of that2. The man pulled out a gold watch, _ were made of small diamonds. A

34、. the hands of whom B. whom the hands ofC. which the hands of D. the hands of which3. The Science Museum, _we visited during a recent trip to Britain, is one of Londons tourist attractions. A. which B. what C. that D. where4.Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others, _, of course,

35、 made the others envy him. A. who B. that C. what D. which5.In our class there are 46 students, _ half wear glasses. A. in whom B. in them C. of whom D. of them6.We live in an age _ more information is available with greater ease than ever before. A. why B. when C. to whom D. on which 7. I wish to t

36、hank Professor Smith, without _ help I would never have got this far. A. who B. whose C. whom D. which8.He made another wonderful discovery , _ of great importance to science.A. which I think is B. which I think it is C. which I think itD.I think which is9. Carol said the work would be done by Octob

37、er, _personally I doubt very much.A. it B.thatC.when D. which10.In the dark street , there wasnt a single person _ she could turn for help. A.thatB.who C. from whomD. to whom 11.The weather turned out to be very good , _ was more than we could expect.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.it翻譯1. 我的父母親對我要求苛刻，這使得我對此很反感

38、2. 我每天都讀英語，這讓我提高了成績。3. 一些學生不尊重老師，這是一種不好的行為。4. 我們班里有60名同學，有6位來自長沙。5. 一些學生不吃早餐，這不利于身體健康。6. 我在岳陽縣一中學習，那里的老師親切而負責，學生們也很努力。2013年各省市英語高考定語從句1. Many countries are now setting up national parks _ animals and plants can be protected. A. when B. which C. whose D. where2.The book tells stories of the earthquak

39、e through the eyes of those _ lives were affected.A. whose B. that C. who D. which3. Happiness and success often come to those _ are good at recognizing their own strengths. A. whom B. Who C. what D. which4.The president of the World Bank says he has a passion for China , _ he remembers starting as

40、early as his childhood.A. where B. which C. what D. when5. He wrote a letter _ he explains what had happened in the accident.A. what B. which C. Where D. how6. He may win the competition, _ he is likely to get into the national team.A. in which case B. in that case C. in what case D. in whose case7. There