(完整版)初中被動(dòng)語態(tài)講解及練習(xí)

1、第1頁被動(dòng)語態(tài)一、概念： 語態(tài)是動(dòng)詞的一種形式，它表示主語和謂語的關(guān)系。語態(tài)有兩種：主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)。如果主語是 動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，或者是說動(dòng)作是由主語完成的，要用主動(dòng)語態(tài)；如果主語是動(dòng)作的承受者，或者是說動(dòng)作 不是由主語而是由其他人完成的，則用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。二、主動(dòng)句變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句的步驟：1.把原主動(dòng)句中的賓語變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句的主語2.把動(dòng)詞變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)形式即be+過去分詞， 并注意其人稱和數(shù)隨主語的變化，而動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)則保持不變。3.原主動(dòng)句的主語如需要?jiǎng)t放在by后面以它 的賓格形式出現(xiàn)（注代詞的賓格） ，如不需要?jiǎng)t可省略。4.其它的成分（定語、狀語）不變。三、被動(dòng)語態(tài)的用法：1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)構(gòu)成：is

2、 / am / are +及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞We clean our classroom every day.My mother asks me to study hard.2.一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)構(gòu)成：was / were +及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞A new shop was built last year.3.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)構(gòu)成：has / have + been +及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞This book has been translated into many languages.Many man -made satellites have been sent up into spac

3、e by many countries.4.一般將來時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)構(gòu)成：will+ be +及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞A new hospital will be built in our city.Many more trees will be planted next year.5.含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)構(gòu)成：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+ be +及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞Young trees must be watered often. Your mistakes should be corrected right now.The door may be locked inside.Your homework can b

4、e handed in tomorrow.6.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)構(gòu)成：am / is / are + being +及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞7.不定式的被動(dòng)語態(tài)：to + be +及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞There are two books to be read.There are twenty more trees to be planted.3.感官動(dòng)詞或使役動(dòng)詞使用省略to的動(dòng)詞不定式，主動(dòng)語態(tài)中不帶to，但變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，須加上to。 例：make somebody do something somebody+ be +made to do somethingsee somebody do s

5、omethi ngsomebody +be +see n to do somethi ngA girl saw my wallet drop when she passed by.My wallet was seen to drop by a girl when she passed by.The boss made the little boy do heavy work.The littmady twato heavy work by the boss.4.如果是接雙賓語的動(dòng)詞改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)， 可以使用直接賓語也可以使用間接賓語作被動(dòng)語態(tài)句子的主語。 使用直接賓語（物）作主語時(shí)，要在動(dòng)詞后

6、加上介詞，這個(gè)介詞是由與其搭配的動(dòng)詞決定。He gave me a book.TA book was give n to me by him.He showed me a ticket.第2頁tA ticket was shown to me by him.My father bought me a new bike.tA new bike was bought for me by my father.第3頁5.一些動(dòng)詞短語用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，動(dòng)詞短語應(yīng)當(dāng)看作一個(gè)整體，而不能丟掉其中的介詞或副詞。We can t laugh at him.He cant be laughed at by us.H

7、e liste ns to the radio every day.The radio is liste ned to by him every day.The nurse is tak ing care of the sick man.The sick man is being take n care of by the nu rse.不用被動(dòng)語態(tài)的情況1）不及物動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語無被動(dòng)語態(tài)（即多數(shù)的瞬間動(dòng)詞）：appear, die（死亡disappear（消失），end（vi.結(jié)束）,fail, happen, last, lie, remain, sit, spread, stand br

8、eak out, cometrue, fall asleep, keep sile nee, lose heart, take place.女口：After the fire, very little remained of my house.比較：rise, fall, happen是不及物動(dòng)詞；raise, seat是及物動(dòng)詞。（錯(cuò)）The price has been risen.（對）The price has rise n.（錯(cuò)）The accide nt was happe ned last week.（對）The accide nt happe ned last week.（錯(cuò)）

9、The price has raised.（對）The price has bee n raised.（錯(cuò)）Please seat.（對）Please be seated.要想正確地使用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，就須注意哪些動(dòng)詞是及物的，哪些是不及物的。特別是一詞多義的動(dòng)詞往往有 兩種用法。解決這一問題唯有在學(xué)習(xí)過程中多留意積累。2）不能用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)的及物動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語：fit, have, hold, marry, own, wish, cost, notice, watch,agreewith, arrive at / in, shake hands with, succeed in, suffer fr

10、om, happen to, take part in, walk in to, belong to如：This key just fitsthe lock.被動(dòng)語態(tài)練習(xí)、選擇題第4頁( )11.The doctor _ for yet. A. isnt sent B. hasnt been sent C. wont be sent D. wasntsent()12.-When _ this kind of computers_ ? -Last year. A. did; use B. was; used C. is;used D. are; used( )13. The Great Wall

11、 _ all over the world.A. knows B.knew C . is known D. was known ( )14.Iin summer.A. born B. was born C. have been born D. am born ( )15.He says that Mr Zhangto the factory next week.A. is sent B. would send C. was sent D. will be sent( )16.Who _ this book _ ? A. did; written B. was; written by C. di

12、d; written D. was;written( )17.Mary _ show me her new dictionary.A. has asked to B.was asked to C.is asked D.asks to ( )18.A storyby Granny yesterday.A. was told us B. was told to us C. is told us D. told us ( )19.The monkey was seenoff the tree.A. jump B. jumps C. jumped D. to jump ( )20.The school

13、 bag _ behind the chair.A. puts B. can be putC. can be puttedD. can put( )21.Older people _ well.A.looks after B. must be looked after C. must look after D. looked after ( )22.Our teachercarefully.A. should be listened to B. should be listen C. be listened D. is listened二、將下列句子變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)，每空一詞。1. We can

14、finish the work in two days. The work _ _ _ in two days.2. They produce silk in Suzhou. Silk _ _ in Suzhou.3. The children will sing an English song. An English song _ _ _ by the children.4. You neednt do it now. It _ _ _ by you now.5. Lucy sent me a New Year Card last week. A New Year Cardher by me

15、 last week.6. People use metal for making machines. Metal _ _ for making machines.7. He made me do that for him. I _ _ _ that for him.8.I have given this book to the library. This book _ _ _ to the library.9._ Did they build a bridge here a year ago?a bridgehere by them）1.buildin our school last yea

16、r? A.a new libraryD. Did; buildaccidenton this road last week.Is; built B. Was;bulit C. Does;）2. AnA. has been happened B. was happened C. is happened）3.Cotton _ in the southeast of China.A. is grown B. are grown C. grows D. grow）4.So far, the moon _ by man already.A. is visited B. will be visited C

17、. has been visited D.D. happenedwas visited）5.A talk on Chinese history _given C. will be given D. gives ）6.Howmany trees_ this year?pla nted ）7. A lot of C. has been ）8.Neither of A. is madethi ngsdone D. willthemB. are made）9.Look! A nice pictureA. is drawing B. is being）10. Your shoes_ . YouA. we

18、ar out B. worn outin the school hall next week.A. are planted B.to save the little girlby peoplebe donein China.C. were made D. made forour teacher.drawn C. has been drawnwill plantnow. A.D .drawsneed a new pair.C. are worn out D. is wornA. is givenB. has beenC. have been planted D.are doing B. are

19、being done第5頁a year ago?10._ Well put on an English play in our school. AnEnglish play _ _ _ on in our school.11._ More and more farmers buy color TV sets. Color TV sets _ _ more and more farmers.12._ My brother often mends his watch. His watchbymy brother.13.We must water the flowers every day. The

20、 flowers must _ _ (by us) every day.14.They use knives for cutting things. Knives _ _ for cutting things.15._ He made the farmers work for a long time. Thefarmers _ _ _ _ for a long time.16._ Did he break the window yesterday?the window _yesterday?17._They have sold out the light greendresses. The l

21、ight green dresses _ _ _ out.18._ We clean the classroom every day. The classroom_ every day.19. You must not plant trees in very dry earth. Trees _ _ _ _ in very dry earth.20._You can dig a hole in the earth. A Holein the earth.第6頁1.The students_ often _(tell) to take care of their desks and chairs.2.That play _ (put) on aga in sometime next mon th.3.The old man is ill. He _ (must send) to the hospital.4.Vegetables,eggs and fruits_ (sell) in this shop.5.What _ a knife _ (make) of? It