中考英語閱讀理解解題技巧(精)fgdfg

1、閱讀理解解題技巧閱讀理解解題技巧閱讀理解閱讀理解 是英語能力培養(yǎng)的重點項目，是考試是英語能力培養(yǎng)的重點項目，是考試的一個重要題型，分值高、題量大。閱讀的一個重要題型，分值高、題量大。閱讀理解考查的根本是檢驗學(xué)生對有關(guān)信息的理解考查的根本是檢驗學(xué)生對有關(guān)信息的加工能力。加工能力。 閱讀理解能力的重要標(biāo)志是閱讀速度閱讀理解能力的重要標(biāo)志是閱讀速度和理解力的正確率。和理解力的正確率。 因此，閱讀理解的功夫應(yīng)下在平時。因此，閱讀理解的功夫應(yīng)下在平時。多分析題型，多了解考點，真正做到有的多分析題型，多了解考點，真正做到有的放矢，提高命中率。放矢，提高命中率。 廣東廣東2007年考題要求考生能讀懂年考題要

2、求考生能讀懂書書報報雜志雜志中關(guān)于一般性的簡短文段以中關(guān)于一般性的簡短文段以及公告及公告說明說明廣告等廣告等,并能從中獲取并能從中獲取相關(guān)的信息。相關(guān)的信息。 1 理解主旨和要義理解主旨和要義 2 理解文中的具體位置理解文中的具體位置 3 根據(jù)上下文推斷生詞的詞義根據(jù)上下文推斷生詞的詞義 4 作出判斷和推理作出判斷和推理 5 理解文章的基本結(jié)構(gòu)理解文章的基本結(jié)構(gòu) 6 理解作者的意圖理解作者的意圖觀點和態(tài)度觀點和態(tài)度主 旨 大 意 型主 旨 大 意 型事實細(xì)節(jié)型事實細(xì)節(jié)型 詞詞 義義 猜猜 測測 型型命命 題題 類類因此有關(guān)閱讀理解題目主要因此有關(guān)閱讀理解題目主要有以下幾種有以下幾種: :推推

3、理理 判判 斷斷 型型 Step Two: How to Dealing with the Problems on Reading Comprehension一、主旨大意題一、主旨大意題 （做題要領(lǐng)）1. 干擾項干擾項 可能屬文中某個具體事實或細(xì)節(jié)?？赡軐傥闹心硞€具體事實或細(xì)節(jié)。2. 干擾項干擾項 可能屬從文中某些可能屬從文中某些 (不完全的不完全的) 事事實或細(xì)節(jié)片面推出的錯誤結(jié)論。實或細(xì)節(jié)片面推出的錯誤結(jié)論。3. 干擾項干擾項 可能屬非文章事實的主觀臆斷?？赡軐俜俏恼率聦嵉闹饔^臆斷。(正確答案正確答案) 是根據(jù)文章意思全面是根據(jù)文章意思全面理解而歸納概括出來的；但不能太籠統(tǒng)、理解而歸納概括

4、出來的；但不能太籠統(tǒng)、言過其實或以偏概全。言過其實或以偏概全。1)What does the writer mainly tell us? 2)Which of the following can summar-ize the main idea of this text?3)Which of the following best expresses the main idea?4)Which is the subject discussed in the text?6)Whats the best title for this passage?主旨大意題主旨大意題的常見的提問形式的常見的提問

5、形式:閱讀理解基礎(chǔ)訓(xùn)練閱讀理解基礎(chǔ)訓(xùn)練Basic Training-主旨大意題主旨大意題Passage 1 In spite of the fact that cars from Germany and Japan are flooding the American market, Ford, General Motors and Chrysler are employing more workers than ever before. The flood of cheaper for-eign cars has not cast American autoworkers their jobs

6、 as some experts predicted. Ford operates as far as Asia, and General Motors is considered Australians biggest employer. Yet General Motors has its huge American work force and employs hundreds of people every day to meet the needs of an insatiable(不能滿足的）不能滿足的）society.練習(xí)題練習(xí)題細(xì)節(jié)題細(xì)節(jié)題Question: Which of

7、the following statements best expresses the main idea of the paragraphA. GM is one of the largest car producers.B. Ford operates not only in the U.S.A., but also in Asia.C. The foreign cars have not taken away the jobs of American autoworkers.D. The flood of the cheaper foreign cars is terrible for

8、American autoworkers.文章文章【解析】答案為C C。take sth. away take sth. away of sb.of sb.和和 cast sb. sth.cast sb. sth. 的意思相似。的意思相似。 本段落以一、二句引出要表達(dá)的主題，在主題句出現(xiàn)后，再舉例子陳述細(xì)節(jié)或繼續(xù)論證。 尋找主題句往往是做好此類題的關(guān)鍵。每段的主題句(常在首句、尾句、首尾句、段落中和歸納分析)一般都用來表示一個段落的主旨大意。文章 文章中心是文章中心是論點論點，事實細(xì)節(jié)是，事實細(xì)節(jié)是論論據(jù)據(jù)或或主要理由主要理由；有關(guān)細(xì)節(jié)的問題常對；有關(guān)細(xì)節(jié)的問題常對文中某個詞語、某句子、某段落

9、等細(xì)文中某個詞語、某句子、某段落等細(xì)節(jié)及事實進(jìn)行提問，所提問題一般可節(jié)及事實進(jìn)行提問，所提問題一般可直接直接或或間接間接在文章中找到答案。在文章中找到答案。 提問的特殊疑問詞常有：提問的特殊疑問詞常有：what, who, which, where, how, why 等。等。事事實實細(xì)細(xì)節(jié)節(jié)型型 解題原則解題原則：忠實于原文上下文及忠實于原文上下文及全篇的邏輯關(guān)系，決不能主觀臆斷。全篇的邏輯關(guān)系，決不能主觀臆斷。1）Which of the following statement is true?2）Which of the following is not mentioned in the

10、 text?3）The author ( or the passage) states that_.4）According to the passage, when ( where, why, how, who, what, which, etc.)_? 在閱讀理解中，要求查找主要事實和特在閱讀理解中，要求查找主要事實和特定細(xì)節(jié)問題常有以下幾種命題方式：定細(xì)節(jié)問題常有以下幾種命題方式：閱讀理解基礎(chǔ)訓(xùn)練閱讀理解基礎(chǔ)訓(xùn)練Basic Training-事實細(xì)節(jié)型事實細(xì)節(jié)型 Q1) _ calories are required to raise the temperature of 5kg of w

11、ater from 35to 90. A. 55 B. 175 C. 325 D. 275 Q2) Which statement is TRUE according to the chart above?A. A child aged 8 requires more than 3 times the amount of calories that a baby does. B. A boy aged 16 requires nearly twice the amount of calories that a boy aged 8 does. C. An office worker requi

12、res the same amount of calories per day as a woman feeding a baby does. D. A farmer requires nearly 1.5 times the amount of calories that an office worker does. Passage2 Passage2 The human body is a living machine, and The human body is a living machine, and like all machines, it needs fuel to suppl

13、y it like all machines, it needs fuel to supply it with energy. That is the food we eat. But how with energy. That is the food we eat. But how much do we need to stay healthy? The energy much do we need to stay healthy? The energy value of food is usually measured in calories. value of food is usual

14、ly measured in calories. A calorie is the amount of heat required to A calorie is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1kg of water by 1. raise the temperature of 1kg of water by 1. The number of calories people need per day is The number of calories people need per day is differe

15、nt, as the chart shows different, as the chart shows CALORIES NEEDED PER DAYBaby 750Office worker 2,700Child aged 8 2,100 Woman feeding baby 2,700Man over 70 2,100Boy aged 16 3,000Woman 3,600Farmer 2,600練習(xí)題【解析】答案為 D D 。 根據(jù)文章細(xì)節(jié)內(nèi)容，計算公式為： (90-35)51=275【解析】答案為 C C 。 根據(jù)文章圖表，依次驗證A、B、C、D 四個答案的內(nèi)容是否正確。很易找出 C

16、 C 符合圖表內(nèi)容。文章文章 同義法同義法 常在詞或短語之間有并列常在詞或短語之間有并列連詞連詞and或或or，它們連接的兩項內(nèi)容在含它們連接的兩項內(nèi)容在含義上是接近的或遞進(jìn)的，由此可以推測。義上是接近的或遞進(jìn)的，由此可以推測。 反義法反義法 如如 hot and cold, give and receive等，或前句為肯定，后句為否定。等，或前句為肯定，后句為否定?？傊?，詞與詞間都起著互為線索的作用?？傊?，詞與詞間都起著互為線索的作用。 釋義法釋義法 對文章中的生詞用定語對文章中的生詞用定語（從句）、表語甚至于用逗號、破折號（從句）、表語甚至于用逗號、破折號等標(biāo)點符號引出并加以解釋說明。等標(biāo)

17、點符號引出并加以解釋說明。詞詞義義猜猜測測型型 情景推斷法、代詞替代法情景推斷法、代詞替代法等等1 1）文中找線索或信息詞）文中找線索或信息詞; ;2) 2) 根據(jù)熟悉的詞及詞義根據(jù)熟悉的詞及詞義判斷新單詞之意；判斷新單詞之意； 3 3）根據(jù)上下文判斷新詞）根據(jù)上下文判斷新詞匯在特定句中確切意思。匯在特定句中確切意思。做題要領(lǐng)做題要領(lǐng)閱讀理解基礎(chǔ)訓(xùn)練閱讀理解基礎(chǔ)訓(xùn)練Basic Training-詞義猜測型詞義猜測型Q: Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word “illiterate” A. repe

18、at B. reiterated C. uneducated D. sick Passage3: Most women in Ghana the educated and illiterate, the urban and rural, the young and old work to earn an income in addition to maintaining their roles as housewi- ves and mothers. Their reputation for economic independence, self-reliance, and hard work

19、 is well known and well deserved(應(yīng)得的，值得的應(yīng)得的，值得的). 解 釋第四節(jié)解 釋 這段文字中講到加納這個國家這段文字中講到加納這個國家中中 的大多數(shù)婦女，受的大多數(shù)婦女，受過教育的過教育的 （educatededucated）和沒有受和沒有受過教育的過教育的 （illiterateilliterate）；）；住在城住在城市的市的 （urbanurban）和住在農(nóng)村的和住在農(nóng)村的（ruralrural），），年輕的（年輕的（youngyoung）和年和年長的（長的（oldold）正好是一對對反義詞。正好是一對對反義詞。因此選因此選 C C 項。項。本題答案選

20、本題答案選C C 推理判斷題推理判斷題：高考重頭戲，20個題中常有6-8個，著重考查學(xué)生歸納概括、邏輯推理等綜合能力。 以原文內(nèi)容以原文內(nèi)容為前提，據(jù)作者的觀點理論（非考生觀點），客觀地對文中未明顯說明的現(xiàn)象或事例給予合理的邏輯推斷，做出一定解釋。推推理理判判斷斷型型 透過現(xiàn)象看本質(zhì)透過現(xiàn)象看本質(zhì)，領(lǐng)悟作者思想傾向、觀點、立場、語氣及態(tài)度等。推理判斷題推理判斷題（做題要領(lǐng)） 既要求學(xué)生透過文章表面文字信息推測文章隱含意思，又要求學(xué)生對作者的態(tài)度、意圖及文章細(xì)節(jié)的發(fā)展作正確的推理判斷，力求從作者的角度去考慮，不要固守自己的看法或觀點。推理判斷型推理判斷型常見的命題方式有：常見的命題方式有： Th

21、e passage implies (暗示暗示) that_. We can conclude (得出結(jié)論得出結(jié)論) from the passage that_. Which of the following can be inferred (推論推論)? What is the tone (語氣語氣) of the author ? What is the purpose (目的目的) of this passage? The passage is intended to _.1.Where would this passage most probably appear? 閱讀理解基礎(chǔ)訓(xùn)練

22、閱讀理解基礎(chǔ)訓(xùn)練Basic Training-推理判斷型推理判斷型 Passage4 The concept (n. 觀念觀念 ) of personal choice in relation to health behaviors is an important one. About 90 percent of all illnesses might be preventable if individual (n. 個人個人 ) made sound ( adj. 健康的健康的 ) personal health choices based upon present (adj.現(xiàn)在的現(xiàn)在的)

23、 medical knowledge. We all enjoy our freedom of choice and do not like to see it limited when it is within the legal (adj. 法律的法律的 ) and moral boundaries ( n.界限界限 ) of society. The structure of American society allows us to make almost all our own personal decisions that may affect our health. If we

24、do desire, we can smoke , drink much, refuse to wear seat belts, eat whatever food we want, and live a completely sedentary (adj. 久坐的，勞心的久坐的，勞心的 ) lifestyle without any exercise. 練習(xí)題Q: The concept of personal choice about health is important because_. A. personal health choices help cure most illnes

25、ses. B. it helps raise the level of our medical knowledge. C. it is basic to personal freedom in American society. D. wrong decisions could lead to poor health.文章解析：解析：據(jù)前兩句可以得知，據(jù)前兩句可以得知，不良的選擇會導(dǎo)致健康狀不良的選擇會導(dǎo)致健康狀況變壞，因此答案選況變壞，因此答案選 D D 。選出的答案一定要在原文選出的答案一定要在原文中找到依據(jù)或理由，不能中找到依據(jù)或理由，不能只憑常識或自己主觀胡亂只憑常識或自己主觀胡亂推測

26、。推測。 Passage5 A teacher who continually draws attention to rewards or who hands out high grades for ordinary achievement (n.成績成績 ) ends up with uninspired students. Eisenberger holds (vi.認(rèn)為認(rèn)為). As an exa- mple of the latter (adj. 近來的近來的 ) point ( n.觀點觀點 ), he notes ( vi.特別指出特別指出 ) growing efforts at

27、 major universities to tighten ( v.使變得更緊使變得更緊 ) grading standards (及格標(biāo)準(zhǔn)及格標(biāo)準(zhǔn) ) and restore ( vt.恢復(fù)使用恢復(fù)使用 ) failing grades (不及格分?jǐn)?shù)或標(biāo)準(zhǔn)不及格分?jǐn)?shù)或標(biāo)準(zhǔn) ).練習(xí)題Q: It can be inferred from the passage that major universities are trying to tighten their grading standards because they believe_. rewarding poor performan

28、ce ( n.成績成績 ) may kill the creativity of students . B. punishment is more effective than rewarding. C. failing (v. 給給不及格不及格 ) uninspired students helps improve their overall (adj.全面的全面的 ) academic (adj.學(xué)學(xué)校的校的 ) standards.D. Discouraging ( vt.使使失去信心失去信心 ) the students anticipation ( n.預(yù)期之事物預(yù)期之事物 ) fo

29、r easy rewards is a matter of urgency ( n.緊急緊急 ).文章 解析解析: : 問題是文中問題是文中 Eisenberger Eisenberger 舉的一舉的一個例子個例子, ,通過例證題目的考點分析通過例證題目的考點分析, , 我們知我們知道一般例子前后總結(jié)性的話道一般例子前后總結(jié)性的話( (論點論點) )是解決是解決問題的關(guān)鍵問題的關(guān)鍵, ,這樣我們就可以判斷出該例要這樣我們就可以判斷出該例要說明的問題說明的問題(答案答案: :A A) ) The topic sentence:The topic sentence: A teacher ends up with uninspired (without creativity) students. .譯譯: : 假設(shè)老師總讓學(xué)生關(guān)注獎勵假設(shè)老師總讓學(xué)生關(guān)注獎勵, ,或?qū)Ρ憩F(xiàn)或?qū)Ρ憩F(xiàn)一般的學(xué)生也給高分一般的學(xué)生也給高分, ,那么