完成時(shí)態(tài)的講解與練習(xí)

1、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法和練習(xí)題一. 用法：（1）動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去，強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響。與一般過去時(shí)的區(qū)別：強(qiáng)調(diào)過去一般過去式強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響-現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。 試比較： I have lost my new book. 我把新書丟了。（現(xiàn)在還未找到） I lost my new book yesterday. 我昨天把新書丟了。（昨天丟的，現(xiàn)在找到與否沒說明）My mother went to Shanghai. Where is your mother? -She has gone to Shanghai. . I didnt have breakfast. I havent have breakfast

2、 yet. （2）動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去某個(gè)不確定的時(shí)間，但對(duì)現(xiàn)在有某種影響和結(jié)果。常被just、already、 yet 等副詞修飾。如： -Have you had lunch yet? -Yes, I have. Ive just had it. 你（已經(jīng)）吃午飯了嗎？ 我剛剛吃過。（現(xiàn)在我不餓了）（3）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示未完成。動(dòng)作從過去延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，還可能以后繼續(xù)。通常和帶有for和since等表示一段時(shí)間的狀語。 He has been in the army for ten years.I have studied English since 1980. （4）表示說話前發(fā)生過一次或多次的動(dòng)作

3、，現(xiàn)在成為一種經(jīng)驗(yàn)，一般譯為漢語“過”，表示次數(shù)：一次once; 二次: twice, 三次：three times, ever, never等時(shí)間狀語。 如： I have been to Beijing twice.我去過北京二次。I have been to Shanghai twice.She has watched this film three times.I have never seen more beautiful girl than she. 練 習(xí)1. 我已經(jīng)在深圳住了十年。_2. 我的叔叔自從1960年以來都在尋找他的女兒。_3. 我踢足球已經(jīng)有兩年了。_4. 我自從1

4、996年就認(rèn)識(shí)瑪麗_5. He has lived in Nanjing _ the year before last. 6. Ive known him _ we were children. 7. Our teacher has studied Japanese _ three years. 8. She has been away from the city _ about ten years. 9. Its about ten years _ she left the city.二. 構(gòu)成：(1) 肯定句： have / has done(2) 否定句：.have/has not do

5、ne(3) 一般疑問句： Have/ Has . done .? Yes, . have/has. No, .have/has not.(4) 常用的時(shí)間狀語有：already“已經(jīng)”肯定句的中間和末尾處never“從不”中間處ever“曾經(jīng)”疑問句和肯定句的中間處just“剛剛”中間處yet “已經(jīng)” 、“還”疑問句、否定句的末尾處)或不加任何的時(shí)間狀語，但不能和表示過去的時(shí)間狀語連用.A. already和yet區(qū)別:I have already finished my homework. already用在_，位于_。 “已經(jīng)”Have you finished your homewor

6、k yet? yet用在_和_中，位于_。“仍然，還，已經(jīng)”B.for 與since區(qū)別: for +時(shí)間段 since+ 時(shí)間點(diǎn) I have lived in Changchun_ two years. I have been here_7 oclock.用since和for填空 1. _ two years 2._ two years ago 3. _ last month 4._ 1999 5._ yesterday 6. _ 4 oclock 7. _ 4 hours 8._ an hour 9. _ we were children 10. _ lunch time 11._ sh

7、e left here 12, _ she was very young13. _ she was a child 14, _ more than twenty years 三. have been in, have been to 與 have gone to 的用法區(qū)別（一）.have(has) been in 表示“在某地呆多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間”，常與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用，如：since, for, how long 等。例如：Mr. Brown has been in Shanghai for three days. 布朗先生來上海已經(jīng)有三天了。此外還有這些搭配： have been here

8、(there) /at home (school) /on the farmhave been here (there) / abroad（二）.have(has)been to表示“曾經(jīng)去過某地”，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不在那里了?？膳cjust, ever, never等連用，例如： I have just been to the post office. 我剛才去郵局了。Mary has never been to the Great Wall. 瑪麗從未去過長(zhǎng)城。Have you ever been to Hangzhou? 你曾經(jīng)去過杭州嗎？H ave(has) been to 后面可接次數(shù)，表示去

9、過某地幾次。例如：I have been to Beijing three times. 我去過北京三次。They have been to that village several times. 他們?nèi)ミ^那個(gè)村莊好幾次了。（三）.have(has) gone to意為“到某地去了”，表示到了某地或正在去某地的途中?？傊f話時(shí)該人不在現(xiàn)場(chǎng)，一般不用第一、第二人稱代詞作句子的主語。 例如：-Where is Tom? -He has gone to the bookshop. 湯姆在哪里？他到書店去 Jack Johnson has gone to London. 杰克.約翰遜到倫敦去了。練

10、習(xí)I. 用have(has) been 或have(has) gone 填空。A: Where _ Li Fei _?B: He _ to Hainan Island.A: How long _ he _ there?B: He _ there for three days.A: When will he come back , do you know?B: Im afraid he wont come back recently.A: Could you tell me the way to Hainan Island?B: Sorry, I _ never _ there.A: How m

11、any times _ Li Fei _ to that place?B: He _ there only once.II. 用have/has been to/in, have gone to及go的各種形式填空。1) Where is Jack? He _ his country.2) David _ the park just now.3) John _ England since he came back.4) How long _ have _ this village?5) The Smiths _ Beijing for years.6) _ you ever _ America

12、? - Yes, I _ there many times.7) I _ this school since three years ago.8) Where is Jim? He _ the farm.9) When_ he _? He _ an hour ago.10) Would you like to _ the zoo with me? -Yes, but I _ there before.11) Where _ you _ now? - I _ the zoo.12) He often _ swimming.13) _ you _ there last year?14) _ the

13、y often _ skating in winter? 四.注意現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中，非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞不能與for和since引導(dǎo)的表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用，通常是用相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞來代替。（就是說：有for或since 的句子里， 一定不能是非延續(xù)性代詞，必須是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞）。例如：borrow keep,buy have,begin/start be on, die be dead,join be in/be amember of-，come/arrive be here/in, come/get back be back,go/leave be away(from),marry be married(

14、to), 【練一練】在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中，在與_和_引導(dǎo)的表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用時(shí)，通常是用相應(yīng)的_動(dòng)詞來代替_.例如：borrow _, buy _, begin/start _, die _, join _，come/arrive _ come/get back _,go/leave _,marry _, 練 習(xí)1) The film began two minutes ago. The film _ _ _ for _ _. 2) I bought a pen two hours ago. I _ _ a pen for _ _. 3) He left Fuzhou just now. He

15、_ _ _ _ Fuzhou for five minutes. 4)He came back two years ago. He _ _ _ for _ _. 5）He arrived Beijing five minutes ago. He _ _ _ Beijing for _ _. arrive at/in sw. get to/reach sw. come/go/move to sw. be in sw./at school/at home/on the farm/be here/be there1) He got to Beijing five minutes ago.He _ _

16、 _ Beijing for _ _.2) I moved to the USA last year.I _ _ _ the USA since _ _.3) I went home yesterday.I _ _ _ home for _ _.4) They came here last week.They _ _ here since _ _.come/go back, return be back come/go out be out1) He came out two years ago.He _ _ _ for _ _.2) We return to Fuzhou yesterday

17、.We _ _ _ to Fuzhou since _.become be1) I became a teacher in 2000.I _ _ a teacher for _ _.2) The river became dirty last year.The river _ _ dirty for _ _.close be closed ， open be open1) The shop closed two hours ago.The shop _ _ _ for _ _.2) The door opened at six in the morning.The door _ _ _ for

18、 six hours.get up be up ， die be deadleave sw. be away from sw.fall asleep/get to sleep be asleepfinish/end be over marry be married1) I got up two hours ago.I _ _ _ since _ _.2) He left Fuzhou just now.He _ _ _ _ Fuzhou for five minutes.3) My grandpa died in 2002.My grandpa _ _ _for _ _.4) The meet

19、ing finished at six.The meeting _ _ _ for six hours.5) I got to sleep two hours ago.I _ _ _ since _ _.6) They married in 1990.They _ _ _since _.start/begin to do sth. do sth. begin be on1) I began to teach at this school in 1995.I _ _ at this school since _.2) The film began two minutes ago.The film

20、 _ _ _ for _ _.borrow keep ， lose not have ， buy have ， put on wearcatch/get a cold have a cold ， get to know know1) They borrowed it last week.They _ _ it since _ _.2) I bought a pen two hours ago.I _ _ a pen for _ _.3) I got to know him last year.I _ _ him since _ _.4) I put on my glasses three ye

21、ars ago.I _ _ my glasses for _ _.have/has gone to have been in1) He has gone to Beijing. He _ _ _ Beijing for two days.join the league/the Party/the army be a league/a Party member/a soldier be a member of the league/the Party be in the league/the Party/the army1) He joined the league in 2002.He _ _

22、 a _ _ for two years.He _ _ a _ _ the _ for two years.He _ _ _ the league for two years.2) My brother joined the army two years ago.My brother _ _ a _ for _ _.My brother _ _ in _ _ for two years.鞏 固 練 習(xí)一根據(jù)提示完成句子1. 他的爺爺去世三年了。His grandfather _three years ago.His grandfather has_ _ _3 years.His grandfa

23、ther has_ _ _ 3 years ago.2 你買這輛自行車有多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間了？ How long have you_the bike? 3 我買這本故事書三年了。I _this story book three years ago.I have _ this story book _three years ago.I have _this story book_three years.4.他參軍十年了。He _the Army three years ago.He has_ _the Army _ _.He has _ a _ _the Army for 3 years.5. 瑪麗和約翰

24、結(jié)婚有十年了。Mary _ to John ten years ago.Mary_ _ _ to John for ten years.6.我入團(tuán)2年了。I _ _ _ two years ago.I _ _ a _ _ for two years.I _ _ a _ of _ _ for two years.I _ _ _ the _ for two years.7. The film began two minutes ago. The film _ _ _ for _ _. 8. I bought a pen two hours ago. I _ _ a pen for _ _. 9.

25、He left Fuzhou just now. He _ _ _ _ Fuzhou for five minutes. 10.He came back two years ago. He _ _ _ for _ _. 11.He arrived Beijing five minutes ago. He _ _ _ Beijing for _ _. 二改錯(cuò)1.Hurry up! They wait for us. 2.Are you remembering his name? 3. Im liking the film very much. 4. Ill be glad if it will

26、snow soon. 5. Does she goes to school every day? 6. I have seen Betty yesterday 7. I didnt see the headmaster for weeks. 8. Hes just gone out, isnt he?9. His grandpa has died for two weeks.三根據(jù)提示完成句子1. 他的爺爺去世三年了。His grandfather _three years ago.His grandfather has_ _ _3 years.His grandfather has_ _ _

27、 3 years ago.2 你買這輛自行車有多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間了？ How long have you_ the bike? 3 我買這本故事書三年了。I _this story book three years ago.I have _ this story book _three years ago.I have _this story book_ three years.4.他參軍十年了。He _the Army three years ago.He has_ _the Army _ _.He has _ a _ _the Army for 3 years.5. 瑪麗和約翰結(jié)婚有十年了。Mary

28、 _ to John ten years ago.Mary_ _ _ to John for ten years.四. 漢譯英1）這本字典我已買了三年了。2）他離開中國(guó)三年了。3）我認(rèn)識(shí)他們五年了。4）他們已去了美國(guó)五年了。五單項(xiàng)選擇（ ）1、Both his parents look sad . Maybe they _whats happened to him . . knew . have known . must know .will know（ ）2、He has _ been to Shanghai , has he ? . already .never .ever . still

29、（ ）4、The famous writer _ one new book in the past two years . . is writing .was writing .wrote .has written（ ）5、Our country _ a lot so far . Yes . I hope it will be even _ . . has changed ; well . changed ; good . has changed ; better . changed ; better （ ）6、Zhao Lan _already _in this school for two

30、 years . . was ; studying . will ; study . has ; studied . are ; studying （ ）7、We _ Xiao Li since she was a little girl . . know . had known . have known . knew（ ）8、Harry Potter is a very nice film .I_ it twice . . will see . have seen . saw .see（ ）9、These farmers have been to the United States . Re

31、ally ? When _ there ? . will they go . did they go . do they go . have they gone （ ）10、_ you _ your homework yet ? Yes . I _ it a moment ago . . Did ; do ; finished . Have ; done ; finished . Have ; done ; have finished . will ; do ; finish（ ）11、 His father _ the Party since 1978 . . joined . has jo

32、ined . was in . has been in （ ）12、Do you know him well ? Sure .We _ friends since ten years ago . . were . have been . have become . have made （ ）13、How long have you _ here ? About two months . . been . gone . come . arrived ( )14、Hurry up! The play _ for ten minutes . . has begun . had begun . has

33、 been on . began( )15、 It _ ten years since he left the army . . is . has . will . was( )16、 Miss Green isnt in the office . she_ to the library . .has gone . went .will go D. has been ( ) 17、My parents _ Shandong for ten years . . have been in . have been to . have gone to . have been（ ）18、The stud

34、ents have cleaned the classroom, ? A. so they B. dont they C. have they D. havent they（ ）19、 has Mr White been a member of Greener China since he to China?A. How soon, comes B. How often, got C. How long, came D. How far, arrived （ ）20、 His uncle for more than 9 years.A. has come here B. has started

35、 to work C. has lived there D. has left the university 過去完成時(shí)一【含義】 過去完成時(shí)表示在過去某一時(shí)間或動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成了的動(dòng)作。它表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間是“過去的過去”。 如: He asked if you had written to Peter. 他問你是否給Peter寫信了。二【結(jié)構(gòu)】 基本形式:had + 過去分詞。如:We had reached the top of the hill before midnight. 在半夜之前我們已登上了山頂。 否定形式:had + not + 過去分詞。如:They hadnt f

36、inished the work when we got there. 我們到那兒時(shí),他們還沒有完成工作。 一般疑問句形式:had提到句首,回答用Yes, 主語 + had. / No, 主語 + hadnt. 如: Had he told you to go there earlier yesterday? 他昨天告訴過你早點(diǎn)兒到那兒?jiǎn)? Yes, he had. (No, he hadnt.) 是的,他告訴了。(不,他沒有。). 被動(dòng)語態(tài)形式：had + been + 過去分詞。如：When I got there, the windows had been broken. 當(dāng)我到那兒時(shí)，

37、窗戶已經(jīng)被打破了。三【用法】 用在主句為一般過去時(shí)的賓語從句中。如: My father asked me if I had finished reading that book. 爸爸問我是否讀完那本書了。 用在“after / before / when + 過去時(shí)態(tài)從句”或有“by+過去時(shí)間”的句子中。如:Mother had already cooked supper before I returned home. 在我回到家前,媽媽已經(jīng)把飯做好了。 和由for或since 引導(dǎo)的、表示一段時(shí)間的短語或從句連用。如:He had worked in that factory for f

38、ive years before he moved here.他搬到這兒前已經(jīng)在那個(gè)廠子工作了五年。1. 與一般過去時(shí)：和一般過去時(shí)都可指動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去，但強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作相對(duì)于過去某一時(shí)刻已經(jīng)完成；而一般過去時(shí)則強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去某一時(shí)間或過去經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作，需要特別注意的是：當(dāng)動(dòng)作附帶yesterday、last year等過去時(shí)間狀語時(shí)，應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)態(tài)。請(qǐng)區(qū)別：By the end of last year, I had visited seven different cities.截止到去年年底，我已經(jīng)參觀過七個(gè)不同的城市了。We learned another English song

39、 last month. 上個(gè)月我們學(xué)了另一首英文歌曲。2. 與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示動(dòng)作相對(duì)于現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)完成，其標(biāo)準(zhǔn)對(duì)照時(shí)間點(diǎn)為現(xiàn)在；而表示動(dòng)作相對(duì)于過去某一時(shí)刻前已完成，其標(biāo)準(zhǔn)對(duì)照時(shí)間點(diǎn)為過去。試比較：I have been there twice. 我去過那兒兩次。I had been there twice before I went to school. 在我上學(xué)前，我去過那兒兩次。 練 習(xí)I. 從下面各題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中, 選出最佳選項(xiàng)。( )1. Did you see Mr. Smith when you were in France?No, when I _ France,

40、 he _ to China. A. had arrived, had gone B. arrived to, went C. got to, had gone D. had got to, would go( )2. Tom was disappointed that most of the guests _ when he _ at the party.A. left, had arrived B. left, arrivedC. had left, had arrived D. had left, arrived( )3. We _ four thousand new words by the end of last year. A.