賓語從句和定語從句講解

1、賓語從句和定語從句講解（一）that 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句賓語從句的引導(dǎo)連詞有 that, who, whose, what, which, 副詞when, where, how, why, whether, if 可以跟that 從句做賓語的動詞有：say, think ,wish, hope, wonder, know, suppose, see, believe, agree.1、在學(xué)習(xí)賓語從句的時(shí)候要知道賓語從句的構(gòu)成I heard that he would come here later on.主語 謂語動詞 引導(dǎo)詞 一個句子作賓語2、要注意在賓語從句中主句與從句的時(shí)態(tài)要呼應(yīng)（a）當(dāng)主句

2、用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句要根據(jù)實(shí)際情況，選擇時(shí)態(tài)例如：I believe（that）you did your best for that. I believe（that）you will do your best for that. (b) 當(dāng)主句的時(shí)態(tài)用一般過去時(shí)，從句要用相應(yīng)的過去時(shí)態(tài)（過去時(shí)代包括，過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，一般過去時(shí)，過去將來時(shí)，過去完成時(shí)等過去時(shí)態(tài)）例如：I hear that he will come here later on .I heard that he would come here later on. I cant tell him that his mother died

3、. (c)當(dāng)主句的時(shí)態(tài)用的是過去時(shí)態(tài)，但是從句的內(nèi)容是對客觀事情的敘述，從句依然用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。例如：My teacher said that the earth goes around the sun.That 引導(dǎo)的定語從句和that 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句的區(qū)別定語從句在句中作主句的定語，修飾前面的名詞或代詞。被修飾的詞叫先行詞，引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞叫關(guān)系代詞。我們今天要學(xué)習(xí)的時(shí)由關(guān)系代詞that來引導(dǎo)的定語從句一，that在定語從句中既可指代人也可指代物。先行詞是人或者物時(shí)，可以用that來引導(dǎo)如：Have you seen the woman that is wearing red coat?

4、He found the girl that were looking for. Please show me the photo that you like best. 關(guān)系代詞that在從句中可充當(dāng)主語或者是賓語，在當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在句中充當(dāng)定語從句的賓語時(shí)，常常省略。He found the girl （that） we are looking for.1. The fan is on the desk. You want it._2. The man is in the next room. He brought our textbooks here yesterday._3. The ma

5、gazine is mine. He has taken it away._4. The students will not pass the exam. They dont study hard._5. The woman is our geography teacher. You saw her in the park._6. The letter is from my sister. I received it yesterday._7. The play was wonderful. We saw it last night._That 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句He promised that

6、he would never make that mistake againWe all believe the promise that he made to us賓語從句中that為連詞，不充當(dāng)任何成分，可以省略定語從句中that為關(guān)系代詞，充當(dāng)從句的主語或者是賓語,充當(dāng)賓語時(shí)可以省略選擇填空：1. The man _ visited our school yesterday is from London.A. thatB. whichC. whomD. when2. The woman _ is talking to my mother is a friend of hers.A. wh

7、oseB. thatC. whomD. which3. Tom did not take away the camera because it was just the same camera _ he lost last week.A. whichB. thatC. whomD. as4. Where is the man _ I met this morning?A. whenB. whereC. whichD. /5. The doctor _ is leaving for Africa next month.A. the nurse is talking to him B. whom

8、the nurse is talkingC. the nurse is talking toD. who the nurse is talking6. The man _ around our school is from America.A. which you showed B. you showed himC. you showed D. where you showed7. Have you read the book _ I lent to you?A. thatB. whomC. whenD. whose8. Jack is pleased with _ you have give

9、n him and all _ you have told him.A. that, whatB. what, thatC. which, whatD. that, which9 He found _the book _is about Australia is very interesting A what, when B that, where C that, / D /, that10 I am very happy _ I was chosen to represent our school to take part in the competitionA. what B why C

10、which D that注意！賓語從句小口訣： 賓語從句三注意，時(shí)態(tài)語序引導(dǎo)詞； 主句一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句不需受限制； 主句一般過去時(shí)，從句須用相應(yīng)時(shí)； 陳述句轉(zhuǎn)化that引，一般疑問句用if/whether, 特殊問句疑問詞，引導(dǎo)詞后陳述式。whether 或 if 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句 主要用來引導(dǎo)一般疑問句意思或選擇疑問句意思的賓語從句，從句同樣是陳述語序 eg, I wonder if /whether you have told the news to Li Lei . 注意：一般情況下，whether 和if 可以互用， 但有些情況例外。 a. 當(dāng)從句做介詞的賓于是只用whether 不用i

11、f eg, We are talking about whether well go on the picnic. b. 引導(dǎo)詞與動詞不定式或 not 連用時(shí)， 只用whether. eg, Please let me know what to do next. Could you tell me whether you go or not? c. if當(dāng)如果講時(shí)， 引導(dǎo)的是條件狀語從句， 這時(shí)不能用whether特殊疑問句轉(zhuǎn)化成賓語從句時(shí)，引導(dǎo)詞用特殊疑問詞；引導(dǎo)詞后要用陳述句語序。 E.g. Could you tell me whats the matterwrong with you?

12、 特殊情況當(dāng)do you think后接特殊疑問句轉(zhuǎn)化成賓語從句時(shí)，句式結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)為引導(dǎo)詞do you think陳述句語序。人稱的變化和標(biāo)點(diǎn)的使用 a. 從句的主語如果是第一人稱，變?yōu)橘e語從句則與主句的主語一致；如果是第二人稱，則與主句的賓語一致；如果是第三人稱，不用變化。如： “May I use your knife？”He asked me. He asked me if he might use my knife. “Do you know her telephone number？”He asked me. He asked me if I know her telephone num

13、ber.b. 賓語從句的標(biāo)點(diǎn)均由主句決定。主句是陳述句，用句號；主句是疑問句，用問號。如： Who will give us a talk? I dont know. I dont know who will give us a talk. Do you know？Where does he live? Do you know where he lives鞏固練習(xí) 1. Have you decided _for Australia? A. when will you leave B. when do you leave C. you will leave when D. when you w

14、ill leave 2. Can you tell me _ ? A. where does Tom live B. where Tom lived C. Tom lives where D. where Tom lives 3. The old man asked me _ . 二，定語從句定義：在復(fù)合句中，修飾某一名詞 或代詞 的從句叫做定語從句。如：1) The man who lives next to us is a policeman. 2) You must do everything that I do. 上面兩句中的man和everything是定語從句所修飾的詞，叫先行詞，

15、定語從句放在先行詞的后面。引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞有關(guān)系代詞that, which, who(賓格whom, 所有格whose)和關(guān)系副詞where, when、why關(guān)系詞常有三個作用：1、引導(dǎo)定語從句 2、代替先行詞 3、在定語從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)一個成分關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句1.who指人，在從句中做主語(1)The boys who are playing football are from Class One.(2)Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.如果先行詞是anyone, anybody, everyone, everybody, som

16、eone, somebody,關(guān)系代詞應(yīng)該用 who 或whom. 例：Is there anyone here who will go with you?2. whom指人，在定語從句中充當(dāng)賓語，?？墒÷?。 (1) Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about. 注意：關(guān)系代詞whom在口語和非正式語體中常用who代替，可省略。 (2) The man who/whom you met just now is my friend.3. which指物，在定語從句中做主語或者賓語，做賓語時(shí)可省略 (1) Football is a game whi

17、ch is liked by most boys. ( which 在句子中做主語) (2) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday. ( which 在句子中做賓語)4. that指人時(shí)，相當(dāng)于who或者whom；指物時(shí)，相當(dāng)于which。在賓語從句中做主語或者賓語，做賓語時(shí)可省略。 (5) The people that/who come to visit the city are all here. (在句子中做主語) (6) Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning? (在句子中做賓語)

18、具體使用時(shí)還要注意下列問題：1,只能使用that, 不用which 的情況：(1) 先行詞是all, few, little, nothing, everything, anything 等不定代詞時(shí)。例如： All that he said is true. (2) 先行詞被only, no, any, all,等詞修飾時(shí)。例如： He is the only foreigner that has been to that place. (3) 先行詞是序數(shù)詞或被序數(shù)詞修飾的詞。例如： He was the second (person) that told me the secret.(4

19、) 先行詞是形容詞最高級或被形容詞最高級修飾的詞。 This is the best book (that) I have read this year.(5) 先行詞既包括人又包括物時(shí)。例如： He talked about the people and the things he remembered. 2,只用which不用that的情況：(3) 非限制性定語從句中，不能用關(guān)系代詞that,作賓語用的關(guān)系代詞也不能省略。例如：The boy, who is good at soccer, comes from Xinjiang.That necklace, which you gave

20、me as a present, was lost yesterday.非限定性定語從句的作用是對所修飾的成分作進(jìn)一步說明，通常是引導(dǎo)詞和先行詞之間用逗號隔開，將從句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立 Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year. 查理史密斯去年退休了，他曾經(jīng)是我的老師。（非限)There is somebody here who wants to speak to you這里有人要和你說話(限制性)(4) which還有一種特殊用法，它可以引導(dǎo)從句修飾前面的整個主句，代替主句所表示的整體概念或部分概念。在這種從句

21、中，which可以作主語，也可以作賓語或表語，多數(shù)情況下意思是與and this 相似，并可以指人。例如：He did very well in the competition, which made his parents very happy.(5) 如果作先行詞的集體名詞著眼于集體的整體，關(guān)系代詞用which;若是指集體中的各個成員，則用who。5. whose通常指人，也可指物，在定語從句中做定語 (1) He has a friend whose father is a doctor. (2) I lived in a house whose roof has fallen in.

22、whose指物時(shí)，常用以下結(jié)構(gòu)來代替(3)The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.=The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.(5)Do you like the book whose color is yellow?=Do you like the book the color of which is yellow?6. when 指時(shí)間，在定語從句中作狀語。例如：Ill never forget the time when we w

23、orked on the farm. He arrived in Beijing on the day when I left.7. where 指地點(diǎn)，在定語從句中作狀語。例如：This is the house where we lived last year. The factory where his father works is in the east of the city 8. 介詞關(guān)系代詞是一個普遍使用的結(jié)構(gòu)。 (1) 介詞關(guān)系代詞可以引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句，也可以引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。介詞關(guān)系代詞結(jié)構(gòu)中的介詞可以是 in, on, about, from, for, with,

24、 to at, of, without 等，關(guān)系代詞只可用whom或 which, 不可用 that 。例:Is that the house in which you live ?關(guān)系代詞 whom， which 在定語從句中作介詞賓語時(shí)，可以和介詞一起放于先行詞與定語從句之間，有時(shí)為了關(guān)系緊湊也可以將 whom 與 which 與先行詞緊挨著書寫，而將介詞置于定語從句的后面，如：That was the room in which we had lived for ten years. = That was the room which we had lived in for ten ye

25、ars. 像listen to, look at, take care of等固定短語動詞，在定語從句中一般不宜將介詞與動詞分開。例如：This is the boy whom she has taken care of.及時(shí)鞏固：一，請分析一下定語從句：( 請劃出定語從句，并標(biāo)出先行詞)1. Check the ways you study for an English test. 2. Another thing that I found very difficult was English grammar. 3. You couldnt understand people who tal

26、ked fast. 4. I have some ideas that may help. 5. They said something you didnt like. 6. Can you think of any problems you have had recently?8. He would always take pride in everything good I do. 9. My friends and I talked about the rules that we have in school. 10. What are some of the rules that a

27、teenager should obey?12. If you know anyone else who collects them, please tell me. 13. Standing very close to the person you are talking with is quite common in some countries. 14. If you know someone you know doing this, you can ask them. 15. All I ever wanted to do was traveling. 二、用關(guān)系代詞填空：that 、

28、which 、who、 whom 、whose 1. This is the man _ wants to see you.2. The student _ answered the question is Zhang Hua.3. The man _ you went to see has come.4. The man _I met yesterday lent me some money.5. The woman _ you saw is our geography teacher. 6. The runner _ you are asking about is over there.7

29、. The person _ you should write to is Mr. Ball.8. The man _was passing by saw what happened.9. Here is the pen _ you lost the day before yesterday.10. These books _ you lent me were very useful.11. The storybook _ I have just read cannot be easily forgotten.12. A clock is a machine _ tells people th

30、e time.13. This is shirt _I bought yesterday.14. A dictionary is a book _ gives the meaning to the word.15. The book _ is on the table is mine.16. The film _ they are talking about is very interesting.17. I will never forget the people and the places _ I have ever visited.18. Is there anyone _ family is in Beijin