情態(tài)動詞學案

1、高考英語情態(tài)動詞復習學案 一 方向標教學目標和要求(Teaching aims and demands)分析情態(tài)動詞的考點及易錯易混知識點，通過例題比較，達到對這一知識點的徹底理解。二 路線圖【自主學習】情態(tài)動詞主要用于表示說話人對所說話語的態(tài)度和看法，如能力、需要、猜測、意愿或懷疑等。情態(tài)動詞如運用恰當，可以幫助我們表達得更禮貌、更得體一些。情態(tài)動詞本身意義并不完全，不能獨立作謂語，必須和動詞原形連用。情態(tài)動詞沒有人稱和數的變化。常見的情態(tài)動詞有can（could），may（might），must（have to），will（would），shall（should），ought to，nee

2、d，dare，used to等。另外，had better, would rather也有一定的情態(tài)意義，也可劃入情態(tài)動詞的范圍。在歷年的高考中，情態(tài)動詞的易考點主要集中于一些常用情態(tài)動詞的基本用法和“情態(tài)動詞have done”結構表示推測的2大考點?！究键c聚集】2013四川】1. Why are your eyes so red? You _ have slept well last night.Yeah, I stayed up late writing a report.A. cant B. mustnt C. neednt D. wont 【2013天津】2. No one be m

3、ore generous; he has a heart of gold.A. could B. must C. dare D. need【2013新課標II卷】3. Since nobody gave him any help, he have done the research on his own. A. can B. must C. would D. need【2013北京】4. - You neednt take an umbrella. It isnt going to rain.- Well, I dont know. It do.A. mightB. needC. wouldD

4、. should【2013湖南】5. He _ sleep, although he tried to, when he got on such a hunt for an idea until he had caught it. A. wouldntB. shouldntC. couldntD. mustnt【2013江西】6.When I was a child, I _ watch TV whenever I wanted to.A. shouldB. couldC. mustD. need【2013遼寧】7. Harry is feeling uncomfortable. He _ t

5、oo much at the party last night.A. could drink B. should drink C. would have drunk D. must have drunk【2013陜西】8. The children lost in the woods; otherwise, they would have been at the lakeside camp as scheduled.A. must have got B. must get C. should have got D. should get1.【答案】A【解析】考查情態(tài)動詞。根據語境“眼睛那么紅，

6、昨晚不可能睡得很好”可知，此處考查情態(tài)動詞can的否定式cant表推測，意為“不可能”。cant have done表示對過去的推測，意為“過去不可能”。故選A。2.【答案】A【解析】考查情態(tài)動詞。譯為：不可能有人比他更慷慨；他有一顆善良的心。cant/ couldnt表不可能，故答案選A。3.【答案】B【解析】考查情態(tài)動詞。根據句意，由于沒人幫他，因此他定是一個人做的那個調查。情態(tài)動詞must表肯定推測。故選B。【4.答案】A【解析】考查情態(tài)動詞。第一個人說不會下雨，第二人回答I dont know，因此可知，到底下不下雨是不能肯定的事情，故使用might表推測“有可能”。5.【答案】C【解

7、析】考查情態(tài)動詞。根據后文“although he tried to”可知他不能入睡。故答案選C。6.【答案】B【解析】考查情態(tài)動詞。A項“應該”；B項“能夠”；C項“必須”；D項“需要”，根據句意，當我還是孩童的時候，每當我想看電視的時候都能夠看。故答案選B。7.【答案】D【解析】考查情態(tài)動詞。此處考查情態(tài)動詞對過去發(fā)生事情的推測。根據句意：Harry感覺不舒服。昨晚的聚會上他肯定喝得不少。對過去發(fā)生事情的肯定推測，用must have done，故選D。8.【答案】A【解析】考查情態(tài)動詞。副詞otherwise之前的句子表示推測，之后的句子表示虛擬。句意為：孩子們肯定在樹林里迷路了；否則的

8、話，他們就該按計劃在湖邊的宿營地了。故選A，must have done表示對過去發(fā)生事情的肯定推測，意為：過去肯定已經。【合作探究】（一）情態(tài)動詞的用法難點（1）can/could既可表能力（ability），又可表可能性（possibility），（一般指客觀可能性）。（2）may只能表示“可能性”，不能表示“能力”。（3）be able to 只能表能力；could只能表示過去一般性的能力，而was/were able to + 特定行為，則表示的確做成了某事，相當于managed to do sth， was/were successful in doing sht.，succeede

9、d in doing sth.；表示將來才具備的能力只能用shall/will be able to。When he was three, he could / was able to swim.（用于過去一般性的能力，二者皆可）His mother wasnt at home, so he was able to go to the film.他母親不在家，所以他去看電影了。（He could and did go. 他能夠而且的確去了。只能用was able to）The baby will be able to walk in a few weeks.（表示將來的能力，不能用can）高考

10、實例：The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone _get out.A.had to B.would C.could D.was able to解析：根據提干的意思，“雖然大火很快在旅館里蔓延開，但每個人還是成功的逃脫了”成功做成某事，用be able to。所以D項正確?？隙ň渲?，can可以表示客觀的可能性，并不牽涉具體的事情是否會發(fā)生；要表示某事發(fā)生的實際可能性時，須用could, may或might。Accidents can happen on such rainy days.這樣的雨天，可能發(fā)生事故。Will

11、 you answer the doorbell?It may be your father.請你開一下門好嗎？可能是你父親。（不用can）We may go camping next Sunday.下星期天我們可能野營去。（can不能表示具體某事將會發(fā)生的可能性，要用may或might）高考實例：-Is John coming by train?-He should, but he_not.He likes driving his car.A.must B.can C.need D.may解析：根據題干的意思，A,C項可首先排除。can不能表示具體某事將會發(fā)生的可能性，要用may或might

12、，所以排除B。答案：D。高考實例：A left-luggage office is a place where bags_be left for a short time especially at a railway station.A.should B.can C.must D.will解析：根據句意“包裹寄存處，特別是在火車站，就是一個能短時間存放包裹的地方”。can在這里表示的是“客觀的可能性”，其他均不符合題意。所以B正確。（4）表示推測的情態(tài)動詞層次比較詞性肯定式否定式疑問式must必定，必然/will很可能，大概不會，不該會嗎？would可能性比will小語氣比wont弱語氣比w

13、ill弱should確定或可能有的未來或期待/ought to總應該，理應（含義同should）/can/不可能有可能嗎could可疑的可能不可能語氣比can弱may或許，也許，也未可知，也說不定可能不/might比may還弱比may not還弱/注：would, could, should, might并不一定與過去時間有關，而表示可能性弱于它們相應的現在時形式。This cant be done by him.這不可能是他干的。This may not be done by him.這可能不是他干的。Can this be done by him?這可能是他干的嗎？This could /

14、may /might be done by him.這件事有可能是他干的。（語氣依次遞減）He should be around sixty years old.他可能60歲上下。He ought to be home by now.他現在該到家了。注意：上邊例句第三個不能用may，因為表推測時，通常may不用在疑問句中，而以be + 主語 + likely to 或 Do + 主語 + think代替。所以這句話還可以說：Is this likely to be done by him?高考實例：-Isnt that Anns husband over there?-No, it_be hi

15、m. Im sure he doesnt wear glasser.A.cant B.must not C.wont D.may not解析：cant表示不可能；must not表示禁止；wont表示不愿或不會；may not表示可能不。根據語境及答語中的“Im sure”，表示答話的人肯定那不是Ann的丈夫。另外，表示推測時，can常用在問句和否定句中表示可能性。-Look at the boy. Who can it be? Can he be Toms cousin?-No, it cant be. Toms cousin has gone to the countryside.No o

16、ne can be perfect. Everyone can make a mistake sometime somewhere.答案：A。2.could, might, would和should的委婉功能-Could /Might I use your bike tomorrow morning?-Yes, you can / may. （否定：No, Im afraid not.）不可說：Yes, you could / might.回答允許時用could / might表委婉是不恰當的。You are mistaken, I should say. 要我說，你是搞錯了。I should

17、 advise you not to do that. 我倒是勸你別這樣做。Would you please take a message for him?3.情態(tài)動詞可表示某一特定的語氣或態(tài)度（1）can表示驚異、懷疑、不相信的態(tài)度（主要用于否定句、疑問句或感嘆句中）。This cant be done by him.這不可能是他做的。Can this be true? 這會是真的嗎？How can you be so careless! 你怎么這么粗心！（2）may可以用于祈使句，表示祝愿。May we never forget each other. 愿我們彼此永不相忘。May you

18、return in safety. 愿你平安歸來。（3）Why / How + should 結構表示說話人對某事不能理解、感到意外、驚異等意思，譯為“竟會”。Why should you be so late today?你今天來得怎么這么晚？I dont know why you should think that I did it.我真不明白你憑什么認為這件事是我干的。How should I know?我怎么會知道？（意為：我不知道。）4.shall的用法要點（1）用于第一、第三人稱疑問句中，表示說話人征求對方的意見和向對方請示。Shall we begin our class?我們開

19、始上課，好嗎？Shall the driver wait outside?讓司機在外面等著嗎？When shall my father be able to leave hopital?我父親什么時候可以出院？高考實例：-We want someone to design the new art museum for us.-_the young fellow have a try?A.May B.Shall C.Will D.Need解析：shall表示征求意見或請求“讓年輕人試一試好嗎？”答案：B（2）用于第二、第三人稱陳述句中，表示說話人給對方的命令、警告、允諾或威脅。You shall

20、 go with me. （命令）You shall have the book when I finish it. （允諾）He shall be punished. （威脅）高考實例：-Excuse me, but I want to use your computer to type a report.-You_have my computer if you dont take care of it.A.shant B.might not C.neednt D.shouldnt解析：shall與第二人稱搭配表示對聽話者的警告，“你要是不小心地使用我的電腦，你就不能用?！贝鸢福篈5.注意以

21、下四組表達的用法區(qū)別（1）usedju:st to do sht; be usedju:zd to do sth; be / get usedju:st to doing sthused to do sth表示“過去常常做某事”，隱含現在不這樣了，其中to是不定式符號，后接動詞原形。He used to get up at 5:00 in the morning.否定句：He used not (usednt) to get up at 5:00 in the morning.或： He didnt use to get up at 5:00 in the morning.疑問句：Used h

22、e to get up at 5:00 in the morning?Did he use to get up at 5:00 in the morning?be used to do sth. 表示“被用來做某事”，此結構是被動語態(tài)，其中use為實義動詞，意為“用，使用”。Bamboo is used to carry water.be / get used to doing sth.表示“習慣于做某事”，其中to為介詞，后接名詞、代詞或動名詞。Are you used to the weather here?I havent got used to having meals with ch

23、opsticks.高考實例：Children at the beginning of this century_a lot and_themselves greatly even without television.A.used to read；enjoying B. used to read；enjoyed C. were used to reading；enjoy D. were used to read；enjoying解析：這道題既考了used to用法，也考了時態(tài)的用法。根據題意“這個世紀初的孩子們常常讀許多書，即使沒有電視，他們也能讓自己快樂?！眜sed to do sth.表示

24、“過去常常做某事”；再根據時態(tài)的前后一致，B的選項正確。（2）表示“寧愿做某事”時，可使用下面這些句式：would rather do sth.would rather do sth than do sth.would do sth. rather than do sth.would rather sb. did sth.prefer to do sth.prefer to do sth. rather than do sth.prefer doing sth. to doing sth.高考中對這類用法的考查主要側重結構，因此要熟記其結構。高考實例：-Shall we go skating

25、or stay at home?-Which_do yourself?A.do you rather B.would you rather C.will you rather D.should you rather答案：B高考實例：-_he come to see you?-Of course, please. And Id rather he _me the truth.A.Will; inform B.Shall; told C.Should; will say D.Can; spoke解析：shall在這里是請求的意思，would rather后接的從句中要用過去式表示現在或將來時間，用

26、的would rather sb. did sth.這個句式。答案：B（3）used to和would的區(qū)別在表示過去重復的習慣時，used to可用would代替。He would take a walk near the forest in the evening.以前，他晚間常在森林附近散步。He used to take a walk near the forest in the evening.（而現在已經不在那里散步了）used to 強調過去的行為同現在的對比，含有“過去怎樣，而現在卻不這樣了”的含義；而would則單純表示過去的習慣性動作，常與often, every day等

27、連用。He used to be a very strong man.他以前是一個身體很強壯的人。（不可用would，言下之意是：現在體質差多了）She isnt what she used to be.她跟過去不一樣了。（表示對比，不可用would）We would sit in the yard every evening and listen to his story.我們每天晚上坐在院子里，聽他講故事。（表示過去的重復性行為）高考實例：When he was there, he_go to that coffee shop at the corner after work every

28、day.A.would B.should C.had better D.might解析：would表示過去的習慣性動作，常與ofter，every day等連用。答案：A表示過去的狀態(tài)，只能用used to, 不可用would。There used to be a park here.以前這里有個公園。（4）注意區(qū)分情態(tài)動詞否定式表達的含義或許不，可能不：may not, might not不可能：cannot, cant不能夠：cant, cannot (=be not able to)不許可：may not, cant, cannot, mustnt (=be not allowed to

29、)不必：neednt (=dont have to)不應該：shouldnt, oughtnt to (=be not supposed to)6.情態(tài)動詞的一些慣用法（1）cannottoo / enough表示“無論怎么不不過分.”，“越.越好”。You cannot be too careful.你越小心越好。You cannot remember enough English words.你記的英語單詞越多越好。（2）cannot but + do sth.表示“不得不，只好”。I cannot but admire your bravery.我不得不欽佩你的勇氣。I could no

30、t but choose to go.我只好去。（3）may well和may as well結構“may well + 動詞原形”是一種常用結構，意為“完全能，很可能”，相當于to be very lilely to。He may well be proud of his son。他大可為兒子感到自豪。Her appearance has changed so much that you may well not recognize her.她的模樣變化太大，你很可能認不出她了。“may as well + 動詞原形”意為“最好，滿可以，倒不如”，相當于had better或to have

31、no strong reason not to。You may as well stay here over the night.你最好留在這里過夜。You may as well do it at once. 你最好馬上就做這件事。We may as well stay where we are.我們留在現在的地方倒也不錯。You may as well tell me the truth。你還是把真相告訴我的好。may as well + 動詞原形.+ as +動詞原形，意為：與其不如；最好而不要.You might as well throw your money away as len

32、d it to him.高考實例：You _pay too much attention to your English learning, as it is so important.A.should B.must C.cannot D.neednt答案：C7.“情態(tài)動詞 + have done”用法一覽表情態(tài)動詞+完成式用法例句must have done表示對過去已經發(fā)生的行為進行推測，意為“想必/準是/一定做了某事?！盜t must have rained last night, for the road was quite muddy.canhave donecannot have

33、done表示對過去發(fā)生的行為的懷疑和不肯定，常用在否定句和疑問句中。He cannot have forgotten it.Can he have gone to his aunts?could have done可用于肯定句中，表示“可能已經.”之意，此外，還可以表示過去沒有實現的可能性，意為“本來可以.”You could have done better, but you were too careless.may / might have done表示對過去已發(fā)生行為的推測，意為“也許/或許已經（沒有）.”。一般只用于肯定句或否定句中，不用于疑問句。用might則表示語氣更加不肯定。I

34、ts too late.I think he may have gone to bed.He may not have finished the work.She might have caught a cold.might have done表示“本來可能.”，但實際上沒有發(fā)生的事。另外，還可以表示“本來應該或可以做某事”之意，含有輕微的責備語氣。You should not have swum in that sea.You might have been eaten by fish.You might have given him more help, though you were b

35、usy.should/ought to have done用于肯定句時，表示“本該做某事，”而實際上未做；用于否定句時，則表示不該做的事反而做了。You should have come to the meeting earlier.You ought to have done this exercise more carefully.You shouldnt have told her the truth. He ought not to have treated his parents like that.neednt have done表示做了本來不必去做的事，注意didnt need

36、to do 表示“沒有必要做而實際上也沒有做某事”。You neednt have taken a taxi here, for it was very near my house.I didnt need to clean the windows.My brother did it.had better have done用于事后的建議，含輕微責備的口吻，意為“當時最好做了某事”，其否定式had better not have done表達相反的含義。You had better have started earlier.You had better not have scolded her

37、.woule rather have done表示“當時寧愿做了某事”，其否定式would rather not have done表達相反含義，兩者都表示“后悔”之意。I would rather have taken his advice.I raised objections at the meeting, but now I would rather not have done that.高考實例：I was really anxious about you. You _home without a word.A.mustnt leave B.shouldnt have left C.

38、couldnt have left D.neednt leave解析：would根據句意“我真為你著急，你就不應該一句話都不說就離開家”shouldnt have done表示不該做的事反而做了，有責怪的意思。答案：B（四）情態(tài)動詞的易錯點1.情態(tài)動詞與完成時態(tài)連用，除表示對過去發(fā)生的情況的推測，還有其他特殊的含義。學習中必須注意：could have done“本來可以.”；might have done“本來應該或可以做某事”，含有輕微的責備語氣；neednt have done表示做了本不必去做的事情；had better have done“當時最好做了某事”，用于事后的建議，含有輕微

39、責備的口吻。2.shall用于不同的人稱，表示含義不同（1）用于第一、第三人稱疑問句中，表示說話人征求對方的意見和向對方請示。（2）用于第二、第三人稱陳述句中，表示說話人給對方的命令、警告、允諾或威脅?！菊故军c撥】can表“能力”may“許可”，must“責任”或“推測”，“需要”need, dare“敢”，shall“命令”或“義務”，should“應該”will“愿”，have to“被迫”表客觀?！癶ave+完成”結構難，多加訓練記心間順口溜：巧記“情態(tài)動詞”用法情態(tài)動詞不一般，一定記住兩特點。動詞原形跟后面，說話語氣較委婉。疑問轉換很簡單，情動移至句子前。變成否定也不難，情動之后not

40、添。我的收獲：-我的疑惑：-【應用拓展】1. No one _ be compared with Yao Ming in playing basketball. Oh, you are really his big fan. A. can B. need C. must D. might2. Hows your new babysitter? We _ask for a better one, All our kids love her so much. A. should B. might C. mustnt D. couldnt3. It_ be the postman at the do

41、or. Its only six oclock. A. mustnt B. cant C. wont D. neednt4. Just be patient. You _ expect the world to change so soon. A. cantB. needntC. may notD. will not5. Some people who dont like to talk much are not necessarily shy; they _ just be quiet people. A. mustB. mayC. shouldD. would6. I dont reall

42、y like James. Why did you invite him?Dont worry. He_ come. He said he wasnt certain what his plans were來A. must not B. need not C. would not D. might not7. Although this _ sound like a simple task, great care is needed. A. must B. may C. shall D. should8. For environmental reasons, we _ as well take

43、 these waste products and have them recycled. A. shouldB. wouldC. mightD. could9. If you _ go, at least wait until the storm is over. A. can B. may C. must D. will10. Good morning. Ive got an appointment with Miss Smith in the Personnel Department. Ah, good morning. You _ be Mrs. Peters. A. might B.

44、 must C. would D. can11. I have told you the truth. I keep repeating it? A. MustB. CanC. MayD. Will12. May I take this book out of the reading room? No, you . You read it in here. A. mightnt B. wont C. neednt D. mustnt13. Doctors say that exercise is important for health, but it _ be regular exercis

45、e. A. can B. will C. must D. may14. My book was here a second ago but now its missing. Someone _ a joke on me. A. must be playingB. must playC. cant have playedD. cant play15. Shopping online can save much time as you _ go to a shop or walk around crowded shopping centers. A. dont have toB. oughtnt

46、toC. wontD. mustnt16. I havent got the reference book yet, but Ill have a test on the subject next month. Dont worry. You_ have it by Friday. A. could B. shall C. must D. may 17. What do you mean, there are only ten tickets? There _ be twelve. A. shouldB. wouldC. willD. shall18. According to the air

47、 traffic rules, you _ switch off your mobile phone before boarding. A. mayB. canC. wouldD. should19. Will it take me long to get to the Sunshine Hotel? No, it _ take you long. Its not the rush hour now. A. shouldntB. shantC. mustntD. neednt20. John promised his doctor he _ not smoke, and he has neve

48、r smoked ever since. A. might B. should C. could D. would.三 檢測站21. What sort of house do you want to have? Something big?Well, it be bigthats not important. A. mustnt B. neednt C. cant D. wont22. Listen to me, Dick. If you worry about examinations, you _ fail, so you _ worry. A. may; needntB. can wo

49、ntC. must; cantD. must; shouldnt23. You look so tired. You _ have stayed up late again. A. shouldB. canC. mayD. must24. He did not regret saying what he did but felt that he _ it differently. A. could expressB. would express C. could have expressedD. must have expressed25. Thank you for all your har

50、d work last week. I dont think we _ it without you. A. can manage B. could have managed C. could manage D. can have managed26. Im sorry. I _ at you the other day. Forget it. I was a bit out of control myself. A. shouldnt shoutB. shouldnt have shouted C. mustnt shoutD. mustnt have shouted27. My daugh

51、ter went to see her grandma by bus, but I _ her there. A. must have driven B. should have driven C. could have driven D. might have driven28. I cant find my purse anywhere. You have lost it while shopping. A. may B. can C. should D. would29. She _ have left school, for her bike is still here. A. cant B. wouldnt C. shouldnt D. neednt30. Why isnt Cathy here yet? She _ to be picked up at the station. A. could waitB. must waitC. might be waitingD. can be waiting【2013新課標I卷】31.The door _ open , no matter how h