人教版英語(yǔ)必修第二冊(cè)：4.3《Discovering Useful Structure》學(xué)案

1、Unit 4 History and TraditionsPeriod 3 Discovering Useful Structure導(dǎo)學(xué)案1. Learn the structure of the present continuous passive voice and its functions. 2. Learn to change the sentences with the present continuous tense into the sentences with the present continuous passive voice. 3. Learn to write se

2、ntences with the present continuous tense flexibly according to the context.1. Learn the structure of the present continuous passive voice and its functions. 2. Learn to change the sentences with the present continuous tense into the sentences with the present continuous passive voice. 3. Learn to w

3、rite sentences with the present continuous tense flexibly according to the context.Step 1. Observe the following sentences, and answer the question:What is the relationship between the past participle and the nouns ?1. Most people just use the shortened name: “the United Kingdom” or “the UK”.2. They

4、 use the same flag, known as the Union Jack,.3. They had castles built all around England, .位置區(qū)別：例1中，shortened在名詞_，例2中，known as 在名詞_。 所以，我們可以得出結(jié)論：_。句子成分：例1和例2，分詞和分詞短語(yǔ)都用來(lái)修飾_，做定語(yǔ)；例3 名詞castles 是作had的賓語(yǔ)，所以built是對(duì)名詞castles進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明，做_（簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)賓補(bǔ)）。Step 2 Practice1. 分析過(guò)去分詞在句子中的成分1) The new product finally passed th

5、e required test.2) It is a house built by the Romans.3) He got his tooth pulled out yesterday.4)Unfortunately he had his leg broken yesterday.2. 改寫(xiě)過(guò)去分詞1). tired visitors- visitors_ of the long wait2). a well-organised trip-a trip_ well by my workplace3) beautifully dressed star- stars _ beautifully

6、at the event Step 3. More as the attribute過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)意義1. 及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)通常表示被動(dòng)和完成, 即被修飾詞通常是過(guò)去分詞所表示的動(dòng)作的承受者, 且該動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成。I dont like the book written by Martin(=which was written by Martin). 我不喜歡馬丁寫(xiě)的這部書(shū)。 Our class went on a trip organized by our school(=which was organized by our school) last Monday. 上周一

7、我們班參加了一次學(xué)校組織的旅行。2. 不及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)僅表示完成, 不表示被動(dòng)。The fallen leaves of the wood cover the ground when in fall. 秋天時(shí), 小樹(shù)林的落葉覆蓋著地面。The risen sun is shining brightly in the morning. 早上已升起的太陽(yáng)正明亮地閃耀著。3. 過(guò)去分詞(短語(yǔ))作非限制性定語(yǔ), 相當(dāng)于非限制性的定語(yǔ)從句, 用來(lái)補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明被修飾詞的情況, 通常用逗號(hào)與主句隔開(kāi)。The bridge, built last year(=_), is in use now. 這座橋

8、, 去年建成, 現(xiàn)在已通行。 Paper cuts, used for religious purposes(=w_), can be bought in the store. 用于宗教目的的剪紙可以在這家商店里買(mǎi)到?，F(xiàn)在分詞與過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)的區(qū)別1. 語(yǔ)態(tài)上不同: 現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)意義, 過(guò)去分詞多表示被動(dòng)意義。The running water (=The water which runs)in the river is very clear. 河里的流水很清澈。Nine out of ten women interviewed (=_)about the product said the

9、y liked it. 就這個(gè)產(chǎn)品被采訪(fǎng)的十位婦女中有九位說(shuō)她們喜歡這個(gè)產(chǎn)品。2. 時(shí)間關(guān)系上不同: 現(xiàn)在分詞表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作, 而過(guò)去分詞表示已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作。We are all living in a changing world(=_). 我們都生活在正在發(fā)生變化的世界里。 The changed world (=_) surprised him. 已經(jīng)變化了的世界令他吃驚。Step 4. More as the object complement 1. 用于feel, find, hear, notice, see, smell, observe, watch, think等表示感覺(jué)

10、或心理狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞后作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。Many passers-by saw a tree beside the street knocked down by a car yesterday. 昨天很多路人看見(jiàn)路邊的一棵樹(shù)被一輛小汽車(chē)撞倒了。When he woke up in the hospital, he found himself surrounded by doctors and nurses. 當(dāng)他在醫(yī)院醒來(lái)時(shí), 他發(fā)現(xiàn)自己被醫(yī)生和護(hù)士包圍著?？偨Y(jié)起來(lái)，其結(jié)構(gòu)為：_2. 用于get, have, make, keep, leave等使役動(dòng)詞后作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。He spoke English

11、 slowly, and tried to make himself understood while traveling abroad. 在國(guó)外旅行期間, 他說(shuō)英語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)速很慢, 盡力讓人們理解自己的意思。When he was working, he liked keeping the door of his room closed. 當(dāng)他工作時(shí), 他喜歡關(guān)著房間的門(mén)。He wants to have/get his eyes examined tomorrow. 他明天想去檢查眼睛。He narrowly had his legs broken while he was riding a

12、horse the other day. 幾天前當(dāng)他騎馬時(shí), 他的腿差點(diǎn)摔斷?？偨Y(jié)起來(lái)，其結(jié)構(gòu)為：_ Step 5 Practice一、完成下列句子。1. Judy and I _（把車(chē)停下來(lái)(park)）in an underground car Park near Trafalgar Square, where we could _(讓我們的車(chē)充電（charge).2. When we finally reached the service desk to ask for audio guides, we heard it _ that there were no audio guides

13、_(留下，剩下）.3. We_（發(fā)現(xiàn)自己對(duì).很驚訝）the large number of visitors and the amount of noise at the entrance of the National Gallery.4. Judy _(眼神專(zhuān)注于） Van Goghs Sunflowers. It was hard to approach the painting as there were so many people around.5. She _(把這幅畫(huà)的復(fù)制品裝箱（box)） to ensure that it was delivered safely.2、 用

14、過(guò)去分詞對(duì)下列句子進(jìn)行改寫(xiě)。1. Loch Ness was surrounded by beautiful natural landscape, which made it look amazing.2. Carl and his friend stayed with a generous family who offered them bread with butter and honey that was homemade.3. The familys ancestors once attended to soldiers who were wounded in the First Wo

15、rld War.4. The young people were attracted by the legend of Loch Ness. They watched over the lake with their cameras and binoculars, which were positioned on the hill.答案：Step 1. Observe the following sentences, and answer the question:What is the relationship between the past participle and the noun

16、s ?1. Most people just use the shortened name: “the United Kingdom” or “the UK”.2. They use the same flag, known as the Union Jack,.3. They had castles built all around England, .位置區(qū)別：例1中，shortened在名詞前，例2中，known as 在名詞后面。 所以，我們可以得出結(jié)論：?jiǎn)蝹€(gè)分詞作名詞的定語(yǔ)時(shí)，其位置在名詞前；分詞短語(yǔ)則放在名詞后面。句子成分：例1和例2，分詞和分詞短語(yǔ)都用來(lái)修飾名詞，做定語(yǔ)；例3 名

17、詞castles 是作had的賓語(yǔ)，所以built是對(duì)名詞castles進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明，做賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)（簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)賓補(bǔ)）Step 2 Practice1. 分析過(guò)去分詞在句子中的成分1）The new product finally passed the required test.2）It is a house built by the Romans.3）He got his tooth pulled out yesterday.4）Unfortunately he had his leg broken yesterday.答案：1）. 作前置定語(yǔ) 2）. 作后置定語(yǔ)3）. 作賓補(bǔ)4）. 作賓補(bǔ)2.

18、改寫(xiě)過(guò)去分詞1). tired visitors- visitors_ of the long wait2). a well-organised trip-a trip_ well by my workplace3)beautifully dressed star- stars _ beautifully at the event 答案：1). tired2). organised3). dressedStep 3. More as the attribute過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)意義4. 及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)通常表示被動(dòng)和完成, 即被修飾詞通常是過(guò)去分詞所表示的動(dòng)作的承受者, 且該動(dòng)

19、作已經(jīng)完成。I dont like the book written by Martin(=which was written by Martin). 我不喜歡馬丁寫(xiě)的這部書(shū)。 Our class went on a trip organized by our school(=which was organized by our school) last Monday. 上周一我們班參加了一次學(xué)校組織的旅行。5. 不及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)僅表示完成, 不表示被動(dòng)。The fallen leaves of the wood cover the ground when in fall. 秋天時(shí),

20、 小樹(shù)林的落葉覆蓋著地面。The risen sun is shining brightly in the morning. 早上已升起的太陽(yáng)正明亮地閃耀著。6. 過(guò)去分詞(短語(yǔ))作非限制性定語(yǔ), 相當(dāng)于非限制性的定語(yǔ)從句, 用來(lái)補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明被修飾詞的情況, 通常用逗號(hào)與主句隔開(kāi)。The bridge, built last year(=which was built last year), is in use now. 這座橋, 去年建成, 現(xiàn)在已通行。 Paper cuts, used for religious purposes(=which are used for religious p

21、urposes), can be bought in the store. 用于宗教目的的剪紙可以在這家商店里買(mǎi)到。現(xiàn)在分詞與過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)的區(qū)別3. 語(yǔ)態(tài)上不同: 現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)意義, 過(guò)去分詞多表示被動(dòng)意義。The running water (=The water which runs)in the river is very clear. 河里的流水很清澈。Nine out of ten women interviewed (=who were interviewed)about the product said they liked it. 就這個(gè)產(chǎn)品被采訪(fǎng)的十位婦女中有九位說(shuō)她們

22、喜歡這個(gè)產(chǎn)品。4. 時(shí)間關(guān)系上不同: 現(xiàn)在分詞表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作, 而過(guò)去分詞表示已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作。We are all living in a changing world(=a world which/that is changing). 我們都生活在正在發(fā)生變化的世界里。 The changed world (=The world which had changed) surprised him. 已經(jīng)變化了的世界令他吃驚。Step 4. More as the object complement 1. 用于feel, find, hear, notice, see, smell, obs

23、erve, watch, think等表示感覺(jué)或心理狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞后作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。Many passers-by saw a tree beside the street knocked down by a car yesterday. 昨天很多路人看見(jiàn)路邊的一棵樹(shù)被一輛小汽車(chē)撞倒了。When he woke up in the hospital, he found himself surrounded by doctors and nurses. 當(dāng)他在醫(yī)院醒來(lái)時(shí), 他發(fā)現(xiàn)自己被醫(yī)生和護(hù)士包圍著?？偨Y(jié)起來(lái)，其結(jié)構(gòu)為：feel/find/hear/notice/see/smell/observe/

24、watch/think +賓語(yǔ)+done2. 用于get, have, make, keep, leave等使役動(dòng)詞后作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。He spoke English slowly, and tried to make himself understood while traveling abroad. 在國(guó)外旅行期間, 他說(shuō)英語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)速很慢, 盡力讓人們理解自己的意思。When he was working, he liked keeping the door of his room closed. 當(dāng)他工作時(shí), 他喜歡關(guān)著房間的門(mén)。He wants to have/get his eyes e

25、xamined tomorrow. 他明天想去檢查眼睛。He narrowly had his legs broken while he was riding a horse the other day. 幾天前當(dāng)他騎馬時(shí), 他的腿差點(diǎn)摔斷。總結(jié)起來(lái)，其結(jié)構(gòu)為：get/have/make/keep/leave +賓語(yǔ)+done Step 5 Practice一、完成下列句子。1. Judy and I _（把車(chē)停下來(lái)(park)）in an underground car Park near Trafalgar Square, where we could _(讓我們的車(chē)充電（charge).

26、2. When we finally reached the service desk to ask for audio guides, we heard it _ that there were no audio guides_(留下，剩下）.3. We_（發(fā)現(xiàn)自己對(duì).很驚訝）the large number of visitors and the amount of noise at the entrance of the National Gallery.4. Judy _(眼神專(zhuān)注于） Van Goghs Sunflowers. It was hard to approach the painting as there were so many people around.5. She _(把這幅畫(huà)的復(fù)制品裝箱（box)） to ensure that it was delivered safely. 答案：1.had our car parked get our car battery charged2. announcedleft3. found ourselves very surprised4. had her eyes fixed on5. had a co