2022屆新教材高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)選擇性必修第三冊(cè)Unit5Learningfromnature作業(yè)課件外研版

1、三十五選擇性必修第三冊(cè)三十五選擇性必修第三冊(cè) unit 5learning from nature(限時(shí)限時(shí)35分鐘分鐘). 閱讀理解a (2021濟(jì)南模擬) scientists have developed a new type of smart bandage (繃帶) that can signal the type of bacterial (細(xì)菌的) infection its protecting, just like a traffic light, as well as release the right type of drugs on demand. the traffi

2、c light system works just like this: green means no bacteria or a low concentration of bacteria, yellow means drug-sensitive (ds) bacteria responsive to standard antibiotics (抗生素) and causes antibiotic release, and red means drug-resistant (dr) bacteria that need extra help to be wiped out. in testi

3、ng the bandage on mice, the research team was able to successfully treat both ds and dr infections using the new method. however, the common methods of sensing resistance are limited by time, the requirement for professional personnel, and expensive instruments. moreover, the abuse of antibiotics ca

4、uses the accelerated process of bacterial resistance. its easy to see how a simple bandage and light could overcome some of these limitations. treatment doesnt have to wait for a doctor to make a diagnosis, and the bandage can get the right sort of drugs applied at the earliest opportunity. whats mo

5、re, the person wearing the bandage gets real-time feedback on whats happening with the infection, if theres an infection at all. the researchers say it offers numerous benefits over existing treatments that make use of light, including photodynamic therapy or pdt. weve been seeing quite a few upgrad

6、es to the traditional bandage in recent years, thanks to advances in science like the nanofiber mesh that attracts bacteria and draws some of it out, speeding up the healing process. then theres the novel bandage for treating burns, which stops bacteria from multiplying and lowers the risk of infect

7、ion. the more work that a bandage can do while its protecting a wound, the better. efforts to improve bandages continue and now weve got a bandage that not only releases antibiotics, but also tells the patient exactly whats going on too. 【文章大意】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要說(shuō)明了科學(xué)家們已經(jīng)開(kāi)發(fā)出一種新型的智能繃帶, 它可以像交通燈一樣顯示出它所保護(hù)的細(xì)菌感染

8、類型, 并根據(jù)需要釋放出正確的藥物類型。文章說(shuō)明了這種繃帶的優(yōu)勢(shì)以及預(yù)測(cè)未來(lái)的發(fā)展。1. what is the smart bandage mainly designed to do? a. avoid the use of antibiotics. b. clear out harmful bacteria. c. detect bacterial infections. d. increase treatment options. 【解析】選c。 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中scientists have developed a new type of smart bandage that

9、can signal the type of bacterial infection its protecting, just like a traffic light, as well as release the right type of drugs on demand. 可知, 科學(xué)家們已經(jīng)開(kāi)發(fā)出一種新型的智能繃帶, 它可以像交通燈一樣顯示出它所保護(hù)的細(xì)菌感染類型, 并根據(jù)需要釋放出正確的藥物類型。由此可知, 智能繃帶的主要功能是檢測(cè)細(xì)菌感染。故選c。2. what is the advantage of the smart bandage? a. it saves much time

10、 and cost. b. it removes the risk of infection. c. it prevents the bacterial resistance. d. it improves doctor-patient relationship. 【解析】選a。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中however, the common methods of sensing resistance are limited by time, the requirement for professional personnel, and expensive instruments. 可知, 然而

11、, 常用的電阻檢測(cè)方法受到時(shí)間、專業(yè)人員的要求和昂貴儀器的限制。以及第三段第一句its easy to see how a simple bandage and light could overcome some of these limitations. 可知, 很容易看出一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的繃帶和光可以克服這些限制。由此可知, 智能繃帶的優(yōu)點(diǎn)是節(jié)省了很多時(shí)間和成本。故選a。3. what can be inferred from the last two paragraphs? a. traditional bandages are out of use now. b. more smart ban

12、dages will be developed. c. progress in science calls for more research. d. people are urged to study medical science. 【解析】選b。推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中efforts to improve bandages continue and now weve got a bandage that not only releases antibiotics, but also tells the patient exactly whats going on too. 可知, 改進(jìn)

13、繃帶的努力仍在繼續(xù), 現(xiàn)在我們有了一種繃帶, 不僅能釋放抗生素, 還能告訴病人到底發(fā)生了什么。由此可推知, 更多的智能繃帶將被開(kāi)發(fā)。故選b。4. what does the text focus on? a. a successful test on mice. b. a colour-changing bandage. c. sensing drug-resistant bacteria. d. preventing abuse of antibiotics. 【解析】選b。主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段中scientists have developed a new type of smart b

14、andage that can signal the type of bacterial infection its protecting, just like a traffic light, as well as release the right type of drugs on demand. 可知, 科學(xué)家們已經(jīng)開(kāi)發(fā)出一種新型的智能繃帶, 它可以像交通燈一樣顯示出它所保護(hù)的細(xì)菌感染類型, 并根據(jù)需要釋放出正確的藥物類型。結(jié)合文章還說(shuō)明了這種繃帶的優(yōu)勢(shì)和未來(lái)的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)。由此可推知, 文章的重點(diǎn)是智能繃帶。故選b。b mary anning was an english fossil(化

15、石) collector, dealer and paleontologist(古生物學(xué)家). her fossil-hunting helped change the way people thought about the world. mary was born into a poor family in england on may 21, 1799. she lived in the seaside town of lyme regis, in dorset. the family had nine children. only mary and her brother joseph

16、 grew up. marys father took his children along the beach. they picked up shells and stones to sell to visitors. mary did not go to school much. her family was too poor. and schools did not teach children about fossils. mary could read and write. she taught herself. she learned about rocks and how bo

17、dies are made. in 1811 when mary and joseph were fossil hunting, joseph saw a bone sticking out of the rock. mary had a hammer to chip away at the rock. very carefully she uncovered it. she found the first complete fossil of the ichthyosaur(魚(yú)龍). since then, mary became crazy about fossil hunting. sh

18、e liked to hunt on the beach after a storm. the wind, rain and waves made the rocks crumble. it was easy to spot fossils. most days mary went fossil hunting with her dog, tray. rich friends helped mary by selling fossils for her. they sent her money. scientists wrote letters and came to see her. one

19、 good friend was william buckland, a professor at oxford university. mary also opened a shop to sell fossils, stones and shells. she chatted with visitors. mary anning died in 1847. how evolution(進(jìn)化) works was explained by charles darwin not long after mary died. her fossils had helped scientists un

20、derstand how things began. 【文章大意】本文為人物說(shuō)明文。本文講述了mary anning的生平事跡, mary是英國(guó)的化石收集者、經(jīng)銷商和古生物學(xué)家, 她的化石搜尋幫助人們改變了對(duì)世界的看法。5. why did marys father take his children along the beach? a. to enjoy life. b. to make a living. c. to look for fossils. d. to teach them about fossils. 【解析】選b。細(xì)節(jié)推理題。根據(jù)第二段mary was born into

21、 a poor family. . . marys father took his children along the beach. they picked up shells and stones to sell to visitors可知, mary家境貧寒, 父親帶著孩子沿海灘撿拾貝殼和石頭賣給游客, 以維持生計(jì)。故選b。6. what can we learn about mary? a. her father was a paleontologist. b. her father educated her at home. c. she had nine brothers and

22、sisters in all. d. she might be popular at that time. 【解析】選d。推理判斷題。由第四段和第五段內(nèi)容可知, 自從發(fā)現(xiàn)了魚(yú)龍化石, mary迷上了化石, 有錢(qián)的朋友幫她賣化石, 科學(xué)家們寫(xiě)信來(lái)看她, 她還開(kāi)了一家商店賣化石、石頭和貝殼, 因此推斷那時(shí)候她很受歡迎, 故選d。7. who was the first one to catch sight of the rock containing the first complete ichthyosaur fossil? a. charles darwin. b. marys dog. c.

23、 joseph. d. mary. 【解析】選c。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段in 1811 when mary and joseph were fossil hunting, joseph saw a bone sticking out of the rock可知, joseph首先看到了魚(yú)龍化石。故選c。8. what does the underlined word “crumble” in the fourth paragraph mean? a. breakb. shakec. floatd. dive【解析】選a。詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第四段she liked to hunt on the b

24、each after a storm. the wind, rain and waves made the rocks crumble. it was easy to spot fossils可知, 她喜歡在暴風(fēng)雨后到海灘上搜尋化石, 因?yàn)轱L(fēng)、雨和海浪會(huì)使巖石崩裂, 很容易發(fā)現(xiàn)化石。故選a。【難句釋疑】in 1811 when mary and joseph were fossil hunting, joseph saw a bone sticking out of the rock. 分析: when引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句; sticking out of the rock是現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ), 作賓語(yǔ)

25、補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。翻譯: 在1811年當(dāng)mary 和 joseph尋找化石的時(shí)候, joseph看到一塊骨頭在巖石中突出來(lái)。. 完形填空(2021濟(jì)南模擬) one day i was sleeping in my chair when i woke up to the sound of a car crash. i sat up and looked 1 out my window. across the street, a car had just backed into a chain-link fence. the car must have been moving fast, 2it was

26、in bad shape. the fence was bent out exactly the 3of the cars back end. i watched the driver get out of the car. after a few seconds of4the damage, the man tried to put the fence back into the place. his first attempt failed and he tried a little harder. he grabbed its vertical support pole and pull

27、ed against it with his full 5. the pole suddenly 6 and the man fell hard onto the ground. the entire fence fell on top of him, and one of his shoes 7 and landed 10 feet away on the sidewalk. i laughed out loud. the mans failure was8my whole day. he climbed out from under the9fence and went back to t

28、he apartment building. that, i thought, would be the10of it. the man was going to leave all the chaos behind for someone else to 11. however, the man12a few minutes later with some tools. for the next hour, i 13out my window as he doggedly fixed the fence and even improved it. now the fence would be

29、 extra secure, stronger than before. this man was actually a hero and i was embarrassed by my14judgments. years later, i still look out my window at that fence almost every day. it makes me 15what else that man has improved, and how i can make myself more like him. 【文章大意】本文是記敘文。講述作者目睹了一場(chǎng)車禍, 出事的車輛把柵欄

30、撞壞了, 司機(jī)堅(jiān)持修好柵欄。作者本以為司機(jī)開(kāi)始修不好就放棄了, 后來(lái)司機(jī)堅(jiān)持修好了柵欄, 作者因?yàn)樽约旱牟还脚袛喔械胶軐擂? 認(rèn)為司機(jī)是一個(gè)英雄, 自己應(yīng)該向他學(xué)習(xí)。1. a. graduallyb. especiallyc. immediatelyd. generally【解析】選c。根據(jù)上文i woke up to the sound of a car crash可知, 我被車禍聲驚醒, 因此我立刻坐起來(lái)向窗外看, 故選c。2. a. until b. because c. ifd. although【解析】選b。根據(jù)句意可知, 前后文是因果關(guān)系。故選b。3. a. beginningb

31、. directionc. centerd. shape【解析】選d。根據(jù)上文可知, 車被撞得變形, 因此推斷, 被撞的柵欄彎出了一個(gè)車的形狀。故選d。4. a. assessingb. mentioningc. limitingd. avoiding【解析】選a。上文說(shuō)柵欄被撞出了一個(gè)車的形狀, 結(jié)合下文the man tried to put the fence back into the place可知, 評(píng)估以后, 司機(jī)企圖把柵欄恢復(fù)原形。故選a。5. a. equipmentb. sightc. wisdomd. weight【解析】選d。根據(jù)上文he grabbed its ver

32、tical support pole and pulled against it可知, 司機(jī)用全部的重量拉柵欄。故選d。6. a. brokeb. burntc. lightenedd. rose【解析】選a。根據(jù)下文the man fell hard onto the ground可知, 這個(gè)人摔倒在地上, 因此桿子斷了。故選a。7. a. moved onb. passed byc. flew offd. turned up【解析】選c。根據(jù)下文landed 10 feet away on the sidewalk可知, 鞋子飛了出去。故選c。8. a. wastingb. brighte

33、ningc. completingd. controlling【解析】選b。根據(jù)上文i laughed out loud. 可知, 那一天我很快樂(lè)。故選b。9. a. fallenb. hiddenc. lockedd. related【解析】選a。根據(jù)上文the entire fence fell on top of him可知, 柵欄倒塌了。故選a。10. a. planb. formc. caused. end【解析】選d。根據(jù)下文however, the man_a few minutes later with some tools. 可知, 我認(rèn)為這件事就這樣結(jié)束, 然而這個(gè)人幾分鐘

34、后帶著工具又回來(lái)了, 故選d。 11. a. give awayb. clean upc. learn fromd. refer to【解析】選b。 根據(jù)leave all the chaos behind for someone else可知, 留給別人清理所有的混亂。故選b。12. a. quitb. hesitatedc. approvedd. appeared【解析】選d。根據(jù)下文as he doggedly fixed the fence and even improved it可知, 這個(gè)人又出現(xiàn)了。故選d。13. a. workedb. countedc. watchedd. g

35、uessed【解析】選c。根據(jù)out my window可知, 我看著窗外, 看到這個(gè)人一直在修柵欄。故選c。14. a. unbalancedb. uncertainc. unfaird. unhurried【解析】選c。根據(jù)上文提到的this man was actually a hero and i was embarrassed可知, 我因?yàn)槲也还降呐袛喔械綄擂?。故選c。15. a. wonderb. observec. explaind. challenge【解析】選a。根據(jù)下文提的兩個(gè)疑問(wèn)what else that man has improved, and how i can

36、 make myself more like him可知, 我想知道這個(gè)人還能取得什么別的進(jìn)步, 我如何更像他。故選a。. 語(yǔ)法填空an international team 1. _(lead)by chinese researchers has used gene-editing technology to produce “pig 3. 0” prototypes, a leap forward for life-saving organ transplants from animals to humans. 2. _(global), there is a huge gap 3. _t

37、he number of people 4. _need organ transplants and the number of organs available, said yang luhan, a corresponding author of the research as well as co-founder and chief executive officer of qihan biotech. it has long been hoped 5. _the challenge could be reduced through animal organ transplantsa c

38、oncept known as xenotransplantation(異體移植). pigs have been especially promising candidates due to 6. _(they) similar size and physiology to humans. but one of the 7. _(big) safety concerns has been the fact that most mammals, including pigs, contain a harmful virus in their genomespresent in all thei

39、r living cellsthat are 8. _(harm) to their native hosts but can lead to disease in other species. some scientists said “pig 3. 0” demonstrates critical progress toward what could be a truly transformational option for 9. _(million)of patients. yang told xinhua that the transplant gap, cancer and cov

40、id-19 are global issues. she noted that her team hopes to maintain close contact with outstanding scientists, doctors and regulatory agencies around the world, so as to create globally recognized products. yang said the study is only the first step toward xenotransplantation. the functional compatib

41、ility of organs between species remains a challenge for researchers. whether transplanted porcine organs can function as fully as original human organs in maintaining hormone secretion and metabolic balance remains 10. _(see). 【文章大意】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了一支由中國(guó)科學(xué)家領(lǐng)銜的團(tuán)隊(duì)研究出了“pig 3. 0”, 使器官移植用動(dòng)物器官代替邁進(jìn)了一大步。1.

42、【解析】led?？疾榉侵^語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。這里是過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ)。2. 【解析】globally?？疾楦痹~。修飾整個(gè)句子要用副詞。3. 【解析】between?？疾榻樵~。根據(jù)后面的and可以看出這里表示“在之間”。4. 【解析】who/that?？疾槎ㄕZ(yǔ)從句。who/that在這里引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句并在從句中作主語(yǔ)。5. 【解析】that?？疾槊~性從句。that在這里引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句, it是形式主語(yǔ)。6. 【解析】their。考查代詞。這里用their指代前面的pigs。7. 【解析】biggest?？疾樾稳菰~的比較等級(jí)。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境和前面的one of可以得出, 這里用形容詞的最高級(jí)。8. 【解析】har

43、mless?？疾樾稳菰~。根據(jù)該詞的位置和后面的but can lead to disease in other species可知, 這里要用harmless。9. 【解析】millions?？疾閿?shù)詞。millions of表示“數(shù)百萬(wàn)計(jì)的”。10. 【解析】to be seen?？疾榉侵^語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。這里表示“有待于被證實(shí)”, 所以用被動(dòng)形式。【加固訓(xùn)練】閱讀填句(2021哈爾濱模擬) tips for traveling with your parents many of us have fond memories of traveling with our parents as childre

44、n , which makes going on vacation with them as adults much more special. 1but depending on your parents age , health, and preferences, going away together can also bring challenges. here are tips to help make sure everyone has a good time. find a point person. 2its best when there is a single point

45、person for planning who becomes the advocate for all members of the travel party. if mobility is an issue , try planning with accessible go, a platform that enables travelers to search by city or interest for wheelchair-friendly activities. build in options. 3being aware of each travelers fitness and activity level is crucial in designing a route. for example , start with a slow-paced activity that everyone can enjoy such as wine tasting , and have more-ener