2022版高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)語(yǔ)法專題突破專題11主謂一致和特殊句式課件外研版

1、語(yǔ)法專題突破專題十一主謂一致和特殊句式考點(diǎn)精講考點(diǎn)一語(yǔ)法一致考點(diǎn)一語(yǔ)法一致1表示單一概念的動(dòng)名詞、不定式或句子作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。when and where to go for the on-salary holiday has not been decided yet.帶薪度假的時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)還沒(méi)決定。 一主謂一致2“one/either/neither/each of復(fù)數(shù)名詞/代詞”作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。either of the stories is very funny.這兩個(gè)故事都很有趣。3something，everything，anything，nothing，somebod

2、y, nobody，no one等不定代詞作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)通常用單數(shù)。nothing is impossible.沒(méi)有不可能的事。4表示時(shí)間、金錢、距離、重量、數(shù)量的復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)，通常被看作一個(gè)整體，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。ten pounds was missing from the box.盒子里的東西少了十磅。5主語(yǔ)后有with，together with，along with，except，besides，as well as等詞或短語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)要與這些詞或短語(yǔ)前面的名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)保持一致(因?yàn)閣ith等詞為介詞，其后跟的名詞只能是介賓，不可能充當(dāng)主語(yǔ))。mrgreen together w

3、ith his children goes to the park every sunday.格林先生每個(gè)星期天都和他的孩子們一起去這個(gè)公園。6what引導(dǎo)的從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于作表語(yǔ)的名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。what surprised me most was his attitude towards his study.最令我驚訝的是他對(duì)學(xué)習(xí)的態(tài)度。what her father left her are only some books.她父親留給她的只有一些書(shū)。7such作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式要根據(jù)其意義而定。such is stephen hawking，who has

4、suffered a great deal but achieved so much.這就是史蒂芬霍金，他經(jīng)受了很多痛苦但也取得了許多成就。such are the results we have got.這些就是我們所取得的成果。8有計(jì)量單位名詞修飾的不可數(shù)名詞充當(dāng)句子主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)還是用復(fù)數(shù)形式，由計(jì)量單位名詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)形式?jīng)Q定。there is a cup of tea on the table.桌子上有一杯茶。how many bottles of milk are there in the box?箱子里有多少瓶牛奶？考點(diǎn)二意義一致1“every/each/no名詞and e

5、very/each/no名詞”作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。every boy and every girl is playing sports now. 每個(gè)男孩和女孩都正在參加運(yùn)動(dòng)。2“one單數(shù)名詞and a half”作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。one apple and a half was on the table. 桌子上有一個(gè)半蘋(píng)果。3“more than one單數(shù)名詞”作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。more than one student has failed the exam. 不止一個(gè)學(xué)生考試不及格。4“many a單數(shù)名詞”作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。many a child wa

6、s playing there. 很多孩子在那邊玩。5在定語(yǔ)從句中，關(guān)系代詞如果在從句中作主語(yǔ)，根據(jù)先行詞決定從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)；在“one of復(fù)數(shù)名詞who/that/which”引導(dǎo)的從句中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)；但之前有the(only)等修飾語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。mary is the only one of the students in our school who has ever been to china. 瑪麗是我們學(xué)校唯一一個(gè)去過(guò)中國(guó)的學(xué)生。6the rest，the remaining/part主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)根據(jù)所表達(dá)的單復(fù)數(shù)意義而定。the factory u

7、sed three fifths of the raw materials，the rest of which were saved for other purposes. 工廠用了這種原材料的五分之三，剩余部分節(jié)省出來(lái)作為他用。7分?jǐn)?shù)、百分?jǐn)?shù)指代或修飾名詞時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于它們所表示的意義。about 50% of the land is suitable to grow plants. 大約50%的土地適合種植物。about 80% of the people in the city object to the price of running water going up. 這個(gè)

8、城市中大約80%的人反對(duì)自來(lái)水價(jià)格上調(diào)?？键c(diǎn)三就近原則1謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的人稱和數(shù)常常與其最接近的主語(yǔ)保持一致。常出現(xiàn)在這類句子中的連詞有or，notbut，eitheror，neither nor，not only but also等。either i or they are responsible for the result of the matter. 要么他們要么我為這個(gè)事情的結(jié)果負(fù)責(zé)。2在倒裝句中謂語(yǔ)常與后面最接近的主語(yǔ)一致。in the distance was heard the clapping of hands and the shouts of the people. 遠(yuǎn)處傳來(lái)拍

9、手聲和人們的喊叫聲。3當(dāng)there be句型的主語(yǔ)是一系列事物時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)與最鄰近的主語(yǔ)保持一致。here引起的句子與此用法相同。there is a pen，a knife and several books on the desk. 書(shū)桌上有一支鋼筆、一把刀和幾本書(shū)。here is a pen，a few envelopes and some paper in the drawer. 在抽屜里有一支鋼筆、幾個(gè)信封和一些紙。特別提示：就近一致原則也適用于疑問(wèn)句。在疑問(wèn)句里，同樣是依據(jù)最近的主語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù)確定謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。is either tom or you to be sent to w

10、ork there?是你或者湯姆要被派去那里工作嗎？考點(diǎn)一倒裝(一)完全倒裝1表示方向、地點(diǎn)和時(shí)間的副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)置于句首時(shí)用完全倒裝。常見(jiàn)的有：there，here，in，out，away，up，down，from，off，back，over，then，now，in the room，on the wall等。二特殊句式here comes the bus. 車來(lái)了。in rushed the angry man. 那個(gè)生氣的男人沖了進(jìn)來(lái)。now is your turn. 現(xiàn)在輪到你了。in front of the school gate is a big beautiful garde

11、n. 學(xué)校門前是一個(gè)漂亮的大花園。特別提示：主語(yǔ)為代詞時(shí)不倒裝。out they rushed. 他們沖了出去。2表語(yǔ)連系動(dòng)詞主語(yǔ)(表語(yǔ)是形容詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、動(dòng)詞-ing形式、過(guò)去分詞等)present at the meeting were professor white，professor smith and many other guests. 出席會(huì)議的有懷特教授、史密斯教授，還有許多其他客人。such are the facts; no one can deny them. 這些就是事實(shí)，沒(méi)有人可以否認(rèn)。(二)部分倒裝1“only狀語(yǔ)(副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)從句)”置于句首時(shí)，句子或者主

12、句要用部分倒裝。only then did he realize that he had lost his way. 直到那時(shí)他才意識(shí)到自己迷路了。only when he returned did we find out the truth. 唯有他回來(lái)，我們才能弄明白事實(shí)。2具有否定意義的副詞或短語(yǔ)如not，nor，neither，never，seldom，rarely，hardly，little，by no means，at no time，in no way，under no circumstances等位于句首時(shí)，句子用部分倒裝。seldom had he seen a child

13、with so much talent. 他以前難得見(jiàn)過(guò)如此有天賦的孩子。by no means shall we give up. 我們絕不會(huì)放棄。3在以下幾個(gè)固定句式結(jié)構(gòu)中，句子使用部分倒裝。(1)sobe/助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞主語(yǔ)they love having lots of friendsso do those with disabilities. 他們喜歡擁有許多朋友，殘疾人也是如此。特別提示：so表示“是的，確實(shí)”，重復(fù)上文，表示贊同對(duì)方的觀點(diǎn)時(shí)，主謂語(yǔ)不倒裝。it is too hot. 天太熱了。so it is. 是啊，的確很熱。(2)neither/norbe/助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)

14、詞主語(yǔ)i dont know who he is，nor do i want to know. 我不知道他是誰(shuí)，我也不想知道。(3)在such/sothat 結(jié)構(gòu)中，“so/such被修飾詞”位于句首時(shí)，主句用部分倒裝。so fast did he run that he was far ahead of others. 他跑得很快，遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)領(lǐng)先于其他人。(4)neithernor結(jié)構(gòu)位于兩個(gè)分句的句首時(shí)，用部分倒裝。neither do i know it，nor do i care about it. 我不知道這件事，我也不在乎。(5)在not only but (also)結(jié)構(gòu)中，not o

15、nly位于句首時(shí)，第一個(gè)分句用部分倒裝。not only do i like painting，but i (also) take a course. 我不但喜歡畫(huà)畫(huà)，而且還上了繪畫(huà)課。特別提示：此結(jié)構(gòu)連接主語(yǔ)時(shí)不倒裝。not only he but also his parents are sick. 不但他而且他父母也病了。(6)not until 位于句首時(shí)，句子或主句用部分倒裝。not until my son had entered the university did he realize the importance of time. 直到我兒子上了大學(xué)他才意識(shí)到時(shí)間的重要性。(

16、7)在hardlywhen/no soonerthan結(jié)構(gòu)中，hardly/no sooner位于句首時(shí)，主句用部分倒裝。hardly had she sat down when she heard someone knocking at the door. 她一坐下就聽(tīng)到有人敲門。no sooner had she stepped out of the house than it began to rain. 她剛踏出家門天就下起雨來(lái)。特別提示：這兩個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)都要求主句謂語(yǔ)用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。(8)as/though引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句可以將句中狀語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、動(dòng)詞原形提到句首構(gòu)成部分倒裝。pretty a

17、s/though she is，she is not proud. 盡管她很漂亮，但她一點(diǎn)也不自負(fù)。try as he would，he might fail again. 盡管他還會(huì)嘗試，但可能還會(huì)失敗。特別提示：?jiǎn)螖?shù)可數(shù)名詞表語(yǔ)提前時(shí)，省略其前的不定冠詞。child as he is，he knows a lot. 雖然他還是個(gè)孩子，但他懂得很多。(9)虛擬條件句若有had，were，should時(shí)，可省略if，從句用部分倒裝。were i you，i would take his advice. 如果我是你，我會(huì)接受他的建議。should it rain tomorrow，the spo

18、rts meeting would be put off. 如果明天下雨，運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)將會(huì)推遲?？键c(diǎn)二省略1狀語(yǔ)從句的省略(1)在when，while，whenever，till，as soon as，if，unless，as if，though，as等引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句中，若謂語(yǔ)部分含有be動(dòng)詞，而從句的主語(yǔ)又與主句的主語(yǔ)一致或從句的主語(yǔ)是it 時(shí)，從句的主語(yǔ)和be動(dòng)詞常被省略。while (we were) walking，we met our old friend jack. 我們散步時(shí)碰到了老朋友杰克。(2)if so，if any，if possible，if necessary，if not

19、 已看作固定搭配。if (it is) necessary，ask mrwang to help you. 如果有必要，找王先生幫你。errors，if (there are) any，should be corrected. 如果有什么錯(cuò)誤，就應(yīng)該改正。2不定式的省略(1)在一定的上下文中，為了避免重復(fù)，有時(shí)不定式可以省略，但通常保留不定式符號(hào)to。i shall go if i want to. 如果我想去就去。(2)若被省略的不定式結(jié)構(gòu)中含有be，have，have been，通常應(yīng)保留這些詞。he hasnt finished yet. 他還沒(méi)完成。well，he ought to h

20、ave. 哦，他該完成了。考點(diǎn)三強(qiáng)調(diào)句型1強(qiáng)調(diào)句的基本句型是“it is/was被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分that/who其他部分”。被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分可以是主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)等。it is only children who will make such stupid mistakes. 只有孩子才會(huì)犯這樣愚蠢的錯(cuò)誤。2強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的一般疑問(wèn)句只需將is/was提前，特殊疑問(wèn)句的結(jié)構(gòu)是“疑問(wèn)詞is/wasitthat其他部分”。was it in this market that you bought the tv?你是在這個(gè)市場(chǎng)買的電視嗎？where was it that he got the informati

21、on?他是從哪里弄到這個(gè)信息的？特別提示：強(qiáng)調(diào)句型不能強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。如果需要強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，用“助動(dòng)詞do，does或did動(dòng)詞原形”，意為“的確；真的；務(wù)必”。do sit down務(wù)必請(qǐng)坐。he did say that he would help me. 他的確說(shuō)過(guò)他會(huì)幫我的?？键c(diǎn)四there be結(jié)構(gòu)1there be結(jié)構(gòu)的謂語(yǔ)形式there be結(jié)構(gòu)中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞be有時(shí)可用seem to be，happen to be，be likely to be 或remain，stand，lie，go，exist，follow，live，come，occur 等替換。there seems to

22、 be something wrong with the machine. 機(jī)器好像出了點(diǎn)問(wèn)題。there is likely to be an important meeting tomorrow. 明天很可能會(huì)有一個(gè)重要的會(huì)議。once upon a time there lived an old monk in the temple. 從前，那座廟里住著一個(gè)老和尚。2there be結(jié)構(gòu)的非謂語(yǔ)形式what is the chance of there being an election this year?今年舉行選舉的可能性有多大？(there be的動(dòng)詞-ing形式作介詞 of的賓

23、語(yǔ))i expect there to be many chances for him to get a job. 我希望他有很多機(jī)會(huì)能找到工作。(there be的動(dòng)詞不定式結(jié)構(gòu)作動(dòng)詞expect的復(fù)合賓語(yǔ))考點(diǎn)五感嘆句感嘆句常用來(lái)表示驚嘆、贊美、喜悅等語(yǔ)氣。1what 引導(dǎo)的感嘆句whata/anadj可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)！whatadj可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)/不可數(shù)名詞主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)！what a strange plant！ive never seen it before. 這種植物真奇怪！我以前從未見(jiàn)過(guò)。what lovely children they are!他們是多么可愛(ài)的孩子??！2how 引

24、導(dǎo)的感嘆句howadja/an可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)！howadj/adv主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)！how主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)！how interesting a story it is!what an interesting story it is!這是多么有趣的一個(gè)故事??！how time flies!時(shí)間過(guò)得真快啊！難點(diǎn)釋疑強(qiáng)調(diào)句型與其他結(jié)構(gòu)相似的復(fù)合句的區(qū)別1與含主語(yǔ)從句的主從復(fù)合句的區(qū)別it is true that they are going to visit the great wall next month. 他們打算下個(gè)月去參觀長(zhǎng)城，這是真的。it is the great wall that they

25、 are going to visit. 他們打算去參觀的地方是長(zhǎng)城。第一句是一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句，其中it是形式主語(yǔ)；that引導(dǎo)的是主語(yǔ)從句，that沒(méi)有任何意義，在從句中不作任何成分；第二句是強(qiáng)調(diào)句，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是賓語(yǔ)the great wall，it is和that沒(méi)有任何意義，只是用來(lái)構(gòu)成強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的基本框架。2與含定語(yǔ)從句的主從復(fù)合句的區(qū)別it is a question that needs careful consideration.這是一個(gè)需要仔細(xì)考慮的問(wèn)題。it is novels that william enjoys reading.威廉喜歡讀的是小說(shuō)。第一句是一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句，其中t

26、hat引導(dǎo)的是定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞a question，that在從句中作主語(yǔ)，it在主句中作主語(yǔ)；第二句是強(qiáng)調(diào)句，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是賓語(yǔ)novels，it is和that沒(méi)有任何意義，只是用來(lái)構(gòu)成強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的基本框架。3與含狀語(yǔ)從句的主從復(fù)合句的區(qū)別(1)與“it is/was時(shí)間名詞when ”的區(qū)別it was 6 oclock when i got up today.今天我起床時(shí)6點(diǎn)了。it was at 6 oclock that i got up today.今天我在6點(diǎn)起的床。第一句是主從復(fù)合句，it指時(shí)間，when引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，時(shí)間名詞前無(wú)介詞；第二句是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)at

27、6 oclock，it was和that無(wú)實(shí)際意義。(2)與“it is/was時(shí)間段since ”的區(qū)別it is two years since i taught english.我不教英語(yǔ)兩年了。it is two years since i began to teach english.我教英語(yǔ)已經(jīng)兩年了。it is two hours that he spends on english every day.他每天花兩個(gè)小時(shí)學(xué)英語(yǔ)。前兩個(gè)句子是“it is時(shí)間段since ”句型，since引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。若since和延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞連用，該句型的意思是“不做某事已有時(shí)間了”；若sinc

28、e和非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞連用，該句型的意思是“做某事已有時(shí)間了”。since引導(dǎo)的從句常用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。第三個(gè)句子是強(qiáng)調(diào)句，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是賓語(yǔ)two hours。(3)與“it was時(shí)間段before ”的區(qū)別it was two years before he came back from abroad.過(guò)了兩年他才回國(guó)。it was two years later that he came back from abroad.他是兩年后回國(guó)的。第一句中的it指時(shí)間，before引導(dǎo)的是時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句；第二句為強(qiáng)調(diào)句，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)two years later。策略一固定句式思維法考生要養(yǎng)成看到以it開(kāi)頭

29、的句子，就要考慮強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的思維模式，把強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)排除之后再考慮需要用的其他連接詞?！镜淅縞ould it be in the restaurant _ you had dinner with me yesterday _ you lost your hand bag?解析：句意：你會(huì)不會(huì)把手提包丟在昨天我們一起吃晚飯的飯店里了？第一空用where引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，where在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)；第二空用that構(gòu)成強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的基本框架。故答案為where；that。wherethat解題策略策略二標(biāo)志識(shí)別法解答倒裝類題目的關(guān)鍵是判斷出句子是否具備使用倒裝的條件。1看句首是否有表示否定意義或半否定意義的

30、詞或短語(yǔ)，是否有only所修飾的狀語(yǔ)(從句)，是否有so修飾的形容詞或副詞以及not until，not only等?！镜淅縩ot until the motorbike looked almost new _ he stop repairing and cleaning it. 解析：not until位于句首時(shí)，主句要用部分倒裝；再結(jié)合“l(fā)ooked”可知時(shí)態(tài)為一般過(guò)去時(shí)，故此處填助動(dòng)詞did。did2看句首是否有表示方位或方向的詞或短語(yǔ)，且主語(yǔ)是否為名詞，或結(jié)合題干的句子結(jié)構(gòu)看是不是分詞等置于句首，若是，則用完全倒裝?！镜淅?just in front of our house _

31、(stand) a tall tree with a history of 1,000 years. 解析表示地點(diǎn)的介詞短語(yǔ)just in front of our house置于句首，且句子的主語(yǔ)為名詞，句子要用完全倒裝，即主語(yǔ)a tall tree要放在謂語(yǔ)之后。本空應(yīng)填stands。stands易錯(cuò)聚焦達(dá)標(biāo)檢測(cè)單句語(yǔ)法填空1(2020新高考卷)often, only a small part of a museums collection _ (be) on display. most of it is stored away or used for research. 解析：考查主謂一

32、致。句意：通常，博物館只展出一小部分藏品。此處描述的是客觀事實(shí)，應(yīng)使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主語(yǔ)a small part of a museums collection是單數(shù)概念，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)使用第三人稱單數(shù)形式，且后面的most of it is stored away or used for research中的is也是提示。故填is。is2(2020新課標(biāo)卷)“this really excites scientists，” carle pieters, a scientist at brown university, says, “because it _ (mean) we have the c

33、hance to obtain information about how the moon is constructed”解析：考查主謂一致。根據(jù)上文“this really excites scientists”可知，此處也使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；主語(yǔ)是it，所以空處謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞使用第三人稱單數(shù)形式means。故填means。means3(2020江蘇卷改編)if you look at all sides of the situation, youll find probably a solution that _ everyone. 解析：考查動(dòng)詞主謂一致。句意：如果你從各個(gè)方面看問(wèn)題，你可能會(huì)找

34、到一個(gè)適合每個(gè)人的解決方案。句子描述的客觀事實(shí)，應(yīng)使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；此處是定語(yǔ)從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，先行詞是a solution，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)使用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。故填suits。suits4(2020新課標(biāo)卷)this is why decorating with plants, fruits and flowers _ (carry) special significance. 解析：考查主謂一致。句意：這就是為什么用植物、水果和鮮花裝飾具有特殊意義的原因。這是一個(gè)表語(yǔ)從句，從句主語(yǔ)為動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)decorating with plants, fruits and flowers，所以謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)

35、形式。故填carries。carries5(全國(guó))it could be anythinggardening, cooking, music, sportsbut whatever it is, _(make) sure its a relief from daily stress rather than another thing to worry about. 解析：第二個(gè)破折號(hào)之后為but連接的并列句，whatever it is是讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，主句為祈使句，所缺詞是主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，應(yīng)使用動(dòng)詞原形。故填make。make6(湖南)it was when we were returning

36、 home _ i realized what a good feeling it was to have helped someone in trouble. 解析：分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知此句為強(qiáng)調(diào)句，并且強(qiáng)調(diào)的是時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，故用that。that7(2019全國(guó)i卷)of the nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six _ (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data. 解析：考查主謂一致。句意：在已經(jīng)確認(rèn)的19個(gè)北極熊亞種群

37、中，有3個(gè)在減少，6個(gè)穩(wěn)定，1個(gè)在增加，9個(gè)缺乏足夠的數(shù)據(jù)。根據(jù)three are declining，此處數(shù)詞six作主語(yǔ)，代指前文中的“polar bear subpopulations”，故用復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ)，一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。故填are。are8(全國(guó)卷)fast food _(be) full of fat and salt; by eating more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet. 解析：根據(jù)行文的時(shí)態(tài)可知，此處用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；句子的主語(yǔ)fast food(快餐)是不可數(shù)名詞短語(yǔ)

38、，故填 be的第三人稱單數(shù)形式is。is單句改錯(cuò)(每小題僅有1處錯(cuò)誤)1(2020新課標(biāo)卷)my dad dont like the soup and i dont enjoy apples.第一個(gè)dont改成doesnt解析：考查主謂一致。句意：我爸爸不喜歡湯，我也不喜歡蘋(píng)果。表示經(jīng)?；蚍磸?fù)發(fā)生的事情，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。主語(yǔ)my dad是第三人稱單數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，所以dont改成doesnt。2(陜西)i couldnt believe my lucknot only did i had my photo taken with him, but he signed his name on m

39、y shirt!hadhave解析：考查倒裝句的謂語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)，“did主語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞原形”，故had應(yīng)改為have。3(浙江卷)after we left, i said, “that was very nice of you, mother. but i didnt think she looked like grandma.” “neither did me，” said mother cheerfully.mei解析：“neither助動(dòng)詞主語(yǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)中，主語(yǔ)應(yīng)該用主格形式，故me應(yīng)改為i。4(浙江)he would ask who we was and pretend not to know us

40、.waswere解析：who引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句中主語(yǔ)是we，謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)。5(遼寧)hard work have made him very ill.havehas解析：work為不可數(shù)名詞，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。6(陜西)finally, there were a sudden pull at the pole and a fish was caught.werewas解析：there be句型中be動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該與其后主語(yǔ)a sudden pull在數(shù)上保持一致。7(2018全國(guó)卷)the classroom is a place for learning and that include learnin

41、g from textbooks, and mistakes as well.includeincludes解析：考查主謂一致。that作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用第三人稱單數(shù)includes。.語(yǔ)法填空our school library, along with many other buildings, is very different from other schools. there 1._ (be) two computer rooms, three art rooms, a meeting room and a reading room in the library building. t

42、he number of the books 2._ (be) large. it was 2,000,000 dollars 3._ all the books cost our school. it is such a large amount of money 4._ an average family cant afford it，right? but in my view，it is worth it because in the era of knowledge explosion，many students have a thirst for knowledge.areistha

43、tthatour library is also a multifunctional building. there are 500 computers in it. many a student 5._ (surf) the internet at weekends here and now you can see that my classmates, mike and john, are surfing the internet. 6._ happy they are!surfshowlook! a professor and writer 7._ (be) delivering a s

44、peech in the meeting room. every time there is a wonderful speech, the audience always 8._ (cheer) up. what lovely children they are! enter our art room 9._ you will find a teacher with his students is painting in the room. on the wall 10._ (be) about 500 pictures, which attract many students.文章大意：本

45、文為一篇說(shuō)明文。介紹了學(xué)校與眾不同的圖書(shū)館。ischeer/cheersandare解析：1本題考查了there be句型主謂一致問(wèn)題。there be句型的主謂一致應(yīng)遵循“就近一致”原則，故本句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與two computer rooms保持一致。因此填are。2“the number of復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與the number保持一致，即用動(dòng)詞的單數(shù)形式。故填is。3本題考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分為2,000,000 dollars。故填that。4本題考查了“such that ”句型。句意：這是如此大的一筆錢以至于一個(gè)普通家庭負(fù)擔(dān)不起，是不是？故填that。5“many a/an單數(shù)名詞”作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞需用單數(shù)形式。故填surfs。6本題考查感