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1、Test 1LISTENINGSECTION 1 Questions 1-10Complete the notes below.Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer.JOB ENQUIRYExamplel Work at: a restaurant.l Type of work: 1 .l Number of hours per week: 12 hoursl Would need work permitl Work in the: 2 .branchl Nearest bus stop: next to

2、3 .l Pay: 4 . an hourl Extra benefits: a free dinner extra pay when you work on 5 . Transport home when you work 6 l Qualities required: 7 ability to 8 .l Interview arranged for: Thursday 9 . at 6 p.m.l Bring the names of two refereesl Ask for: Samira 10 .SECTION 2 Questions 11-20Questions 11-16Comp

3、lete the notes below.Write ONE WORD AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer.l SPORTS WORLDl a new 11 of an international sports goods companyl located in the shopping centre to the 12 of Bradcasterl has sports 13 . and equipment on floors 13l can get you any item within 14 . daysl shop specialises in equipm

4、ent for 15 .l has a special section which just sells 16 Questions 17 and 18Choose the correct letter, A, B or C.17 A champion athlete will be in the shopA on Saturday morning only.B all day Saturday.C for the whole weekend.18 The first person to answer 20 quiz questions correctly will winA gym membe

5、rship.B a video.C a calendar.Questions 19 and 20Choose TWO letters, A-E.Which TWO pieces of information does the speaker give about the fitness test?A You need to reserve a place.B It is free to account holders.C You get advice on how to improve your health.D It takes place in a special clinic.E It

6、is cheaper this month.SECTION 3 Questions 21-30Choose the correct letter, A, B or C.Course Feedback21 One reason why Spiros felt happy about his marketing presentation was thatA he was not nervous.B his style was good.C the presentation was the best in his group.22 What surprised Hiroko about the ot

7、her students presentations?A Their presentations were not interesting.B They found their presentations stressful.C They didnt look at the audience enough.23 After she gave her presentation, Hiroko feltA delighted.B dissatisfied.C embarrassed.24 How does Spiros feel about his performance in tutorials

8、?A not very happyB really pleasedC fairly confident25 Why can the other students participate so easily in discussions?A They are polite to each other.B They agree to take turns in speaking.C They know each other well.26 Why is Hiroko feeling more positive about tutorials now?A She finds the other st

9、udents opinions more interesting.B She is making more of a contribution.C The tutor includes her in the discussion.27 To help her understand lectures, Hiroko.A consulted reference materials.B had extra tutorials with her lecturers.C borrowed lecture notes from other students.28 What does Spiros thin

10、k of his reading skills?A He reads faster than he used to.B It still takes him a long time to read.C He tends to struggle with new vocabulary.29 What is Hirokos subject area?A environmental studiesB health educationC engineering30 Hiroko thinks that in the reading classes the students shouldA learn

11、more vocabularyB read more in their own subject areas.C develop better reading strategies.SECTION 4 Questions 31-40Complete the notes below.Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for each answer.Mass Strandings of Whales and DolphinsMass strandings: situations where groups of whales, dolphins, etc. swim onto

12、the beach and dieCommon in areas where the 31 . can change quicklySeveral other theories:Parasitese.g. some parasites can affect marine animals 32 ., which they depend on for navigationToxinsPoisons from 33 . or are commonly consumed by whalese.g. Cape Cod (1988) whales were killed by saxitoxinAccid

13、ental StrandingsAnimals may follow prey ashore, e.g. Thurston (1995)Unlikely because the majority of animals were not 34 . when they strandedHuman Activity35 from military tests are linked to some recent strandingsThe Bahamas (20000) stranding was unusual because the whalesl were all 36 .l were not

14、in a 37 .Group Behaviourl More strandings in the most 38 . species of whalesl 1994 dolphin stranding only the 39 .was illFurther ReadingMarine Mammals Ashore (Connor) gives information about stranding 40 READINGREADING PASSAGE 1You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13, which are based on

15、Reading Passage 1 below.William Henry PerkinThe man who invented synthetic dyesWilliam Henry Perkin was born on March 12, 1838, in London, England. As a boy, Perkins curiosity prompted early interests in the arts, sciences, photography, and engineering. But it was a chance stumbling upon a run-down,

16、 yet functional, laboratory in his late grandfathers home that solidified the young mans enthusiasm for chemistry.As a student at the City of London School, Perkin became immersed in the study of chemistry. His talent and devotion to the subject were perceived by his teacher, Thomas Hall, who encour

17、aged him to attend a series of lectures given by the eminent scientist Michael Faraday at the Royal Institution. Those speeches fired the young chemists enthusiasm further, and he later went on to attend the Royal College of Chemistry, which he succeeded in entering in 1853, at the age of 15.At the

18、time of Perkins enrolment, the Royal College of Chemistry was headed by the noted German chemist August Wilhelm Hofmann. Perkins scientific gifts soon caught hofmanns attention and, within two years, he became Hofmanns youngest assistant. Not long after that, Perkin made the scientific breakthrough

19、that would bring him both fame and fortune.At the time, quinine was the only viable medical treatment for malaria. The drug is derived from the bark of the cinchona tree, native to South America, and by 1856 demand for the drug was surpassing the available supply. Thus, when Hofmann made some passin

20、g comments about the desirability of a synthetic substitute for quinine, it was unsurprising that his star pupil was moved to take up the challenge.During his vacation in 1856, Perkin spent his time in the laboratory on the top floor of his familys house. He was attempting to manufacture quinine fro

21、m aniline, an inexpensive and readily available coal tar waste product. Despite his best efforts, however, he did not end up with quinine. Instead, he produced a mysterious dark sludge. Luckily, Perkins scientific training and nature prompted him to investigate the substance further. Incorporating p

22、otassium dichromate and alcohol into the aniline at various stages of the experimental process, he finally produced a deep purple solution. And, proving the truth of the famous scientist Louis Pasteurs words chance favours only the prepared mind, Perkin saw the potential of his unexpected find.Histo

23、rically, textile dyes were made from such natural sources as plants and animal excretions. Some of these, such as the glandular mucus of snails, were difficult to obtain and outrageously expensive. Indeed, the purple colour extracted from a snail was once the rich could afford it. Further, natural d

24、yes tended to be muddy in hue and fade quickly. It was against this backdrop that Perkins discovery was made.Perkin quickly grasped that his purple solution could be used to colour fabric, thus making it the worlds first synthetic dye. Realising the importance of this breakthrough, he lost no time i

25、n patenting it. But perhaps the most fascinating of all Perkins reactions to his find was his nearly instant recognition that the new dye had commercial possibilities.Perkin originally named his dye Tyrian Purple, but it later became commonly known as mauve (from the French for the plant used to mak

26、e the colour violet). He asked advice of Scottish dye works owner Robert Pullar, who assured him that manufacturing the dye would be well worth it if the colour remained fast (i.e. would not fade) and the cost was relatively low. So, over the fierce objections of his mentor Hofmann, he left college

27、to give birth to the modern chemical industry.With the help of his father and brother, Perkin set up a factory not far from London. Utilising the cheap and plentiful coal tar that was an almost unlimited byproduct of Londons gas street lighting, the dye works began producing the worlds first synthet

28、ically dyed material in 1857. The company received a commercial boost from the Empress Eugenie of France, when she decided the new colour flattered her. Very soon, mauve was the necessary shade for all the fashionable ladies in that country. Not to be outdone, Englands Queen Victoria also appeared i

29、n public wearing a mauve gown, thus making it all the rage in England as well. The dye was bold and fast, and the public clamoured for more. Perkin went back to the drawing board.Although Perkins fame was achieved and fortune assured by his first discovery, the chemist continued his research. Among

30、other dyes he developed and introduced were aniline red (1859) and aniline black (1863) and, in the late 1860s, Perkins green. It is important to note that Perkins synthetic dye discoveries had outcomes far beyond the merely decorative. The dyes also became vital to medical research in many ways. Fo

31、r instance, they were used to stain previously invisible microbes and bacteria, allowing researchers to identify such bacilli as tuberculosis, cholera, and anthrax. Artificial dyes continue to play a crucial role today. And, in what would have been particularly pleasing to Perkin, their current use

32、is in the search for a vaccine against malaria.Questions 1-7Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1?In boxes 1-7 on your answer sheet, writeTRUE if the statement agrees with the informationFALSE in the statement contradicts the informationNOT GIVEN if there

33、is no information on this1 Michael Faraday was the first person to recognise Perkins ability as a student of chemistry.2 Michael Faraday suggested Perkin should enrol in the Royal College of Chemistry.3 Perkin employed August Wilhelm Hofmann as his assistant.4 Perkin was still young when he made the

34、 discovery that made him rich and famous.5 The trees from which quinine is derived grow only in South America.6 Perkin hoped to manufacture a drug from a coal tar waste product.7 Perkin was inspired by the discoveries of the famous scientist Louis Pasteur.Questions 8-13Answer the questions below.Cho

35、ose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer.Write your answers in boxes 8-13 on your answer sheet.8 Before Perkins discovery, with what group in society was the colour purple associated?9 What potential did Perkin immediately understand that his new dye had?10 What was the name final

36、ly used to refer to the first colour Perkin invented?11 What was the name of the person Perkin consulted before setting up his own dye works?12 In what country did Perkins newly invented colour first become fashionable?13 According to the passage, which disease is now being targeted by researchers u

37、sing synthetic dyes?READING PASSAGE 2You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 14-26, which are based on Reading Passage 2 on the following pages.Questions 14-17Reading Passage 2 has five paragraphs, A-E.Choose the correct heading for paragraphs B-E from the list of headings below.Write the cor

38、rect number, i-vii, in boxes 14-17 on your answer sheet.List of Headingsi Seeking the transmission of radio signals from planetsii Appropriate responses to signals from other civilisationsiii Vast distances to Earths closest neighboursiv Assumptions underlying the search for extra-terrestrial intell

39、igencev Reasons for the search for extra-terrestrial intelligencevi Knowledge of extra-terrestrial life formsvii Likelihood of life on other planetsExample AnswerParagraph A v14 Paragraph B15 Paragraph C16 Paragraph D17 Paragraph EIS THERE ANYBODY OUT THERE?The Search for Extra-terrestrial Intellige

40、nceThe question of whether we are alone in the Universe has haunted humanity for centuries, but we may now stand poised on the brink of the answer to that question, as we search for radio signals from other intelligent; civilisations. This search, often known by the acronym SETI (search for extra-te

41、rrestrial intelligence), is a difficult one. Although groups around the world have been searching intermittently for three decades, it is only now that we have reached the level of technology where we can make a determined attempt to search all nearby stars for any sign of life.AThe primary reason f

42、or the search is basic curiosity the same curiosity about the natural world that drives all pure science. We want to know whether we are alone in the Universe. We want to know whether life evolves naturally if given the right conditions, or whether there is something very special about the Earth to

43、have fostered the variety of life forms that, we see around us on the planet. The simple detection of a radio signal will be sufficient; to answer this most basic of all questions. In this sense, SETI is another cog in the machinery of pure science which is continually pushing out the horizon of our

44、 knowledge. However, there are other reasons for being interested in whether life exists elsewhere. For example, we have had civilisation on Earth for perhaps only a few thousand years, and the threats of nuclear war and pollution over the last few decades have told us that our survival may be tenuo

45、us. Will we last another two thousand years or will we wipe ourselves out? Since the lifetime of a planet like ours is several billion years, we can expect that, if other civilisations do survive in our galaxy, their ages will range from zero to several billion years. Thus any other civilisation tha

46、t we hear from is likely to be far older, on average, than ourselves. The mere existence of such a civilisation will tell us that long-term survival is possible, and gives us some cause for optimism. It is even possible that the older civilisation may pass on the benefits of their experience in deal

47、ing with threats to survival such as nuclear war and global pollution, and other threats that we havent yet discovered.BIn discussing whether we are alone, most SETI scientists adopt two ground rules. First, UFOs (Unidentified Flying Objects) are generally ignored since most scientists dont consider

48、 the evidence for them to be strong enough to bear serious consideration (although it is also important to keep an open mind in case any really onvincing evidence emerges in the future). Second, we make a very conservative assumption that we are looking for a life form that is pretty well like us, s

49、ince if it differs radically from us we may well not recognise it as a life form, quite apart from whether we are able to communicate with it. In other words, the life form we are looking for may well have two green heads and seven fingers, but it will nevertheless resemble us in that it should comm

50、unicate with its fellows, be interested in the Universe, live on a planet orbiting a star like our Sun, and perhaps most restrictively, have a chemistry, like us, based on carbon and water.CEven when we make these assumptions, our understanding of other life forms is still severely limited. We do no

51、t even know, for example, how many stars have planets, and we certainly do not know how likely it is that life will arise naturally, given the right conditions. However, when we look at the 100 billion stars in our galaxy (the Milky Way), and 100 billion galaxies in the observable Universe, it seems

52、 in conceivable that at least one of these planets does not have a life form on it; in fact, the best educated guess we can make, using the little that we do know about the conditions for carbon-based life, leads us to estimate that perhaps one in 100,000 stars might have a life-bearing planet orbit

53、ing it. That means that our nearest neighbours are perhaps 100 light years away, which is almost next door in astronomical terms.DAn alien civilistation could choose many different ways of sending information across th galaxy, but many of these either require too much energy, or else are severely at

54、tenuated while traversing the vast distances across the galaxy. It turns out that, for a given amount of transmitted power, radio waves in the frequency range 1000 to 3000 MHz travel the greatest distance, and so all searches to date have concentrated on looking for radio waves in this frequency ran

55、ge. So far there have been a number of searches by various groups around the world, including Australian searches using the radio telescope at Parkes, New South Wales. Until now there have not been any detections from the few hundred stars which have been searched. The scale of the searches hads bee

56、n increased dramatically since 1992, when the US Congress voted NASA $10 million per year for ten years to conduct, a thorough search for extra-terrestrial life. Much of the money in this project is being spent on developing the special hardware needed to search many frequencies at once. The project has two parts. One part is a targeted search using the worlds largest radio telescopes, the American-operated telesc