英語語法知識難點1

1、英語語法知識難點（一）    編 稿：李俊和     審 稿： 畢 勤     責(zé) 編: 隋 瑜 （一） 形容詞和副詞i 要點a 形容詞1、 形容詞的用法形容詞是用來修飾、描繪名詞的，通常在句中作定語、表語或賓補，有時還可作狀語。如：he is honest and hardworking.i found the book interesting.某些形容詞與定冠詞連用表示一類人作主語時，謂語通常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：the rich and the poor live in differe

2、nt parts of the city.the english like to be with their families.多個形容詞作定語修飾名詞的順序：冠詞+序數(shù)詞+基數(shù)詞+性質(zhì)狀態(tài)（描述性）+形狀大小+新舊老少+顏色+國籍+材料+名詞。如：the second five interesting big new red chinese wall papers.2、 形容詞比較等級的形式（1） 規(guī)則形式一般說來，單音節(jié)詞及少數(shù)雙音節(jié)詞在后加-er; -est 來構(gòu)成比較級和最高級；其他雙音節(jié)詞及多音節(jié)詞在前加more, most.如：great-greater-greatestbusy-

3、busier-busiestimportant-more important-(the) most important（2） 不規(guī)則形式good (well)-better-bestbad (ill)-worse-worstmany (much)-more-mostlittle-less-least（3） 形容詞比較等級的用法表示兩者的比較，用形容詞的比較級+than. 如：he is cleverer than the other boys.this one is more beautiful than that one.表示兩者以上的比較，用"the +形容詞最高級（+名詞）+o

4、f(in) "如：he is the cleverest boy in his class.表示兩者是同等程度，用"as +形容詞原級+as". 如：he is as tall as i.i have as many books as you. 越 越 例如：the more i learn, the happier i am. you can never be too careful. 越小心越好又如：you can never praise the teacher too highly. 你怎么贊揚這個老師也不過分。 i have never spent a

5、more worrying day.那一天是最令我擔(dān)心的一天。i have never had a better dinner.這是我吃過的最好的一頓飯。 my english is no better than yours.我的英語和你的英語都不怎么樣。b副詞1、 副詞的種類（1） 時間副詞 如：ago, before, already, just, now, early, late, finally, tomorrow等（2） 地點副詞 如：here, there, near, around, in, out, up, down, back, away, outside等。（3） 方式副詞

6、 如：carefully, angrily, badly, calmly, loudly, quickly, politely, nervously等。（4） 程度副詞 如：almost, nearly, much, greatly, a bit, a little, hardly, so, very等。2、 副詞比較等級的用法其用法與形容詞相似，只是副詞最高級前可省略定冠詞。如：of all the boys he sings (the) most beautifully.we must work harder.3、 某些副詞在用法上的區(qū)別（1） already, yet, stillalr

7、eady表示某事物已經(jīng)發(fā)生，主要用于肯定句；yet表示期待某事發(fā)生，主要用于否定句和疑問句；still表示某事還在進行，主要用于肯定句和疑問句，有時也可用于否定句。如：we've already watched that film.i haven't finished my homework yet.he still works until late every night.（2） too, as well, also, eithertoo, as well和 also用于肯定句和疑問句，too和as well多用于口語，一般放在句末，而also多用于書面語，一般放在句中與動詞

8、連用。either用于否定句和否定的疑問句，往往放在句末。如：he went there too.he didn't go there either.i like you as well.i also went there.(3) hard, hardlyhardly意為"幾乎"與hard在詞義上完全不同。如：i work hard every day.i can hardly remember that.(4) late, latelylately意為"最近、近來"，late意為"晚、遲"。如：he never comes

9、late.have you been to the museum lately?ii 例題例1 tom's father thinks he is already _ a high enough b tall enoughc enough high c enough tall解析：該題正確答案是b。修飾人高用tall, 而建筑物的高用high,并且enough修飾形容詞要放在形容詞后面。因此該題選b。例2 _ the worse i seem to be.a when i take more medicineb the more medicine i takec taking more

10、 of the medicined more medicine taken解析：該題正確答案為b。 "the+形容詞比較級+ , the +形容詞比較級+"意為越，越。該句意為：吃的藥越多，我的病越是加重。 例3"i haven't been to london yet"."i haven't been there _".a too b also c either d neither解析：該題正確答案為c。 a和b都用于肯定句中。d-neither本身意為否定"兩者都不"，而c-either則用于否

11、定句中，意為"也"。例4 mr. smith was _ moved at the news.a deep b deeply c very deep d quite deeply解析：該題正確答案為b。 a. deep用于副詞時，修飾具體的深，如dig deep,而b-deeply則修飾表示感情色彩的詞，如該題為deeply moved.另如deeply regret等。而d-quite和deeply均為副詞，不能互相修飾。（二） 介詞i 要點1、介詞和種類（1） 簡單介詞，常用的有at, in, on, about, across, before, beside, for

12、 , to, without等。（2） 復(fù)合介詞，如by means of, along with, because of, in front of, instead of等。2、介詞和其他詞類的習(xí)慣搭配關(guān)系（1） 和動詞的搭配，如agree with, ask for, belong to, break away from, care about等。（2） 和形容詞的搭配，如afraid of, angry with, different from, good at（3） 和名詞的搭配，如answer to , key to, reason for, cause of, visit to等.

13、3、介詞短語可以有自己的修飾語，這種修飾語通常有right, just, badly, all, well, directly, completely等少數(shù)幾個副詞。如：he came right after dinner.he lives directly opposite the school.4、 某些介詞的意義與用法舉例（1） at, on, in（表時間）表示時間點用at,如at four o'clock, at midnight等；表示不確定的時間或短期假日也用at,如at that time, at christmas等。指某天用on, 如on monday, on th

14、e end of november, 指某天的朝夕用on,如on friday morning, on the afternoon of september 1st 等。指長于或短于一天的時段用in,如in the afternoon, in february, in summer, in 1999等。（2） between, among（表位置）between僅用于二者之間，但說三者或三者以上中的每兩個之間的相互關(guān)系時，也用between, 如i'm sitting between tom and alice.the village lies between three hills.

15、among用于三者或三者以上之間。如：he is the best among the students.（3） beside, besidesbeside意為"在旁邊"，而besides意為"除之外"。如：he sat beside me.what do you want besides this?（4）in the tree, on the treein the tree 指動物或人在樹上，而on the tree 指果實、樹葉長在樹上（5）on the way, in the way, by the way, in this wayon the w

16、ay 指在路上 in the way 指擋道by the way 指順便問一句 in this way 用這樣的方法（6）in the corner, at the cornerin the corner 指在拐角內(nèi) at the corner 指在拐角外（7）in the morning, on the morningin the morning 是一般說法 on the morning 特指某一天的早晨（8）by bus, on the busby bus 是一般說法 on the bus 特指乘某一輛車ii 例題例1 do you know any other foreign langu

17、age_ english?a except b but c beside d besides解析：a、b兩項except等于but，意為"除了"，c-beside意為"在旁邊"，不符合題意。而d-besides, 意為"除了之外，還有"。所以該題正確答案為d。該題意為：除了英語外，你還知道別的語言嗎？例2 he suddenly returned _ a rainy night.a on b at c in d during解析：我們均知道，at night這一短語，但如果night前有修飾詞，表具體的夜晚，則要用介詞on來修飾，故該

18、題正確答案為a。例3 i'm looking forward _your letter.a to b in c at d on解析：該題正確答案為a。 look forward to 為固定搭配，意為"期望、盼望"。（三） 連詞i 要點1、 連詞的種類（1） 并列連詞用來連接并列關(guān)系的詞、短語或分句，如and, for, or, bothand, eitheror, neithernor等。（2） 從屬連詞用來引導(dǎo)從句，如that, if, whether, when, after, as soon as等。除了從屬連詞（引導(dǎo)狀語從句）外，還有其它可以用來引導(dǎo)從句的

19、詞類。它們是連接代詞和連接副詞（引導(dǎo)名詞性從句），關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞（引導(dǎo)定語從句）。 2、 常用連詞舉例(1)and 和，并且 they drank and sang all night.(2) bothand 和， 既也both my parents and i went there.(3) but 但是，而i'm sad, but he is happy.(4) eitheror 或或， 要么要么either you're wrong, or i am.(5) for因為i asked him to stay, for i had something to tell hi

20、m.(6) however 然而，可是at first, he didn't want to go there. later, however, he decided to go.(7) neithernor 既不也不neither my parents nor my aunt agrees with you.(8) not onlybut (also) 不但而且he not only sings well, but also dances well.(9) or 或者，否則hurry up, or you'll be late.are you a worker or a do

21、ctor?(10) so 因此，所以it's getting late, so i must go.(11) although 雖然although it was late, they went on working.(12) as soon as 一 就i'll tell him as soon as i see him.(13) because 因為he didn't go to school, because he was ill.（14）unless 除非，如果不i won't go unless it is fine tomorrow.（15）until 直到he didn't leave until eleven. (瞬間動詞用于not until 結(jié)構(gòu)) he stayed there until eleven.（16）while 當(dāng)時候，而 (表示對比)while i stayed there, i met a friend of mine. (while后不可用瞬間動詞)my pen is red while his is blue. （17）for 因為he was ill, for he