英語基本句型及鞏固練習(xí)

1、 英語基本句型英語基本句型析與練析與練2021-10-292英語基本句型- 1主系表結(jié)構(gòu)主系表結(jié)構(gòu)由由主語主語+系動詞系動詞+表語表語組成組成主要用以說明主語的主要用以說明主語的特征，類屬，狀態(tài)，身份特征，類屬，狀態(tài)，身份等等系動詞有系動詞有:1.表示特征和存在狀態(tài)的表示特征和存在狀態(tài)的 be, seem, feel, appear, look, smell, taste, sound;2.表示狀態(tài)延續(xù)的表示狀態(tài)延續(xù)的 remain, stay, keep, continue, stand;3.表示狀態(tài)變化的表示狀態(tài)變化的 become, get, turn, go, run, fall, c

2、ome, grow. Our English teacher is thirty years old.The cake tastes delicious. We feel used to living in big cities.The potatoes went bad in the fields.Their boss seems satisfied with the work. Deep water stays still.Examples:鞏固練習(xí)：鞏固練習(xí)：1冬季白天短，夜晚長冬季白天短，夜晚長2十五歲他十五歲他就成為就成為有名的鋼琴家了。有名的鋼琴家了。 3孩子們很少孩子們很少保持保

3、持安靜。安靜。4她的工作她的工作是是在幼兒園里照看兒童。在幼兒園里照看兒童。In winter, the days are short and the nights are long. At the age of fifteen, he became a famous pianist. Children seldom keep quiet. Her job is to look after the children in the nursery.5他失業(yè)了。他失業(yè)了。 6樹葉樹葉已經(jīng)變已經(jīng)變黃了黃了7這個報告這個報告聽起來聽起來很有意思很有意思He is out of work. The le

4、aves have turned yellow.The report sounds interesting1. As in China, the weather is different from area to area.主系表句型主系表句型的幾個特例：的幾個特例：2. We are greatly surprised to meet him there.3. It is not a good idea to spend your vacation with strangers.4. It is kind of you to say so.5. It is not easy for them

5、 to go there by bike.6. Is it Tom who is playing the piano?7. It is a fact that they cant pass the exam.句型1：Sobe(情態(tài)動詞助動詞)主語 He is a student. So am I. 他是一個學(xué)生，我也是。句型2：bothandBoth you and I are students. 我和你都是學(xué)生。句型3：neithernorNeither he nor I am a student. 我和他都不是學(xué)生。句型4：eitherorEither you or he is wrong

6、. 不是你錯就是他錯。句型5：Howadj.adv.主語謂語！ What aanadj.n.(主語謂語！) How cold it is today ！今天多冷??！What a fine picture it is！多美的一幅圖畫呀！句型6：Whats wrong withsb.sth.？Whats wrong with you？你怎么啦？Whats wrong with your watch？ 你的手表有什么毛?。烤湫?: Whats the population of？Whats the population of Germany ？德國的人口有多少？句型8：Whats the weath

7、er like？Whats the weather like in spring in your hometown ？ 在你們家鄉(xiāng)春天天氣怎么樣？句型9：There is no time to do （主+ have no time to do）There was no time to think.沒有時間思考。I have no time to go home for lunch.句型句型1010：There is no need to do sth.There is no need to do sth.There is no need to worry the result of a te

8、st before you take it. There is no need to spend money repairing that broken bike.句型句型1010：There is no +There is no +名詞名詞+ +（inin）doingdoing名詞主要有：use,good,sense,point等There is no use (in) trying to explain it.There is no good (in) making friends with him.There is no point (in) arguing with him furth

9、er.There is no sense worrying about the past. 是沒有是沒有的的句型12：be afraid（ofto dothat）Im afraid not.恐怕不能。Hes afraid to go out at night.晚上他不敢出去。Im afraid that he cant come here tomorrow. 恐怕他明天不能來這兒。Dont be afraid of making mistakes when speaking English. 當(dāng)說英語時不要害怕犯錯誤。句型13：be famous for/asHawaii is famous

10、for its beautiful beaches.夏威夷以它美麗的海灘而出名。句型14: be worth（doing）This book is worth reading.這本書值得讀。句型15：be based onHis argument is based on facts.他的論斷是以事實為根據(jù)的。句型16：besurethatIm sure he will succeed.我確信他會成功。HessurethathewillwintheBestActorAward.句型17：be angry with about at（doing）Were all very angry with o

11、urselves.我們都很生自己的氣。I was angry about his decision to build a factory here.我很生氣他決定把工廠建在這兒。I was angry at being kept waiting.這樣一直等我很生氣。句型18： benum. meters(kilometersyears) longwidedeephigholdThe Great Green Wall is 7，000 kilometers long.綠色長城長7000公里。The river is about 2 meters deep.這條河大約有2米深。The boy is

12、 about 12 years old .這個男孩約12歲。句型20：morelessadj.thanI think English is more useful than Japanese.我認(rèn)為英語比日語有用。I think art is less important than music.我認(rèn)為藝術(shù)不如音樂重要。句型19：seem to do seem adj./介詞短語He seems to be angry.他似乎生氣了。The house seems too noisy. 這房子似乎太吵了。英語基本句型-2主謂結(jié)構(gòu)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)由由主語加不及物的謂語動詞構(gòu)成主語加不及物的謂語動詞構(gòu)成,

13、表示主語的動作。表示主語的動作。如：如：The sun rises. Tom has already left. 主語主語可有修飾語可有修飾語-定語（即什么樣的主語）定語（即什么樣的主語）謂語謂語可有修飾語可有修飾語-狀語（如跑地快慢，來得早晚）狀語（如跑地快慢，來得早晚）1. The red sun rises in the east.2. So they had to travel by air or boat.3.We got up early so as to catch the first bus.4. She sat there alone, reading a novel.5.

14、He came back when we were eating.6.Weak buildings will fall down in an earthquake, but strong ones may stay up.鞏固練習(xí)：鞏固練習(xí)：1 1她昨天回家很晚。她昨天回家很晚。 2 2會議將持續(xù)兩個小時。會議將持續(xù)兩個小時。 3 3在過去的十年里，我的家鄉(xiāng)已經(jīng)發(fā)生了巨大變化在過去的十年里，我的家鄉(xiāng)已經(jīng)發(fā)生了巨大變化. .4 419191919年，在北京爆發(fā)了年，在北京爆發(fā)了“五五. .四四”運動。運動。 She went home very late yesterday evening. T

15、he meeting will last two hours.Great changes have taken place in my hometown in the past ten years. The May Fourth Movement broke out in Beijing in 1919. 5每天八點開始上課。每天八點開始上課。 6這個重五公斤。這個重五公斤。 7五年前我住在北京。五年前我住在北京。8秋天有些鳥飛到南方去。秋天有些鳥飛到南方去。9我的爺爺早晨起得很早。我的爺爺早晨起得很早。 10. 每天下午有許多學(xué)生到圖書館來借書。每天下午有許多學(xué)生到圖書館來借書。 Class

16、es begin at eight every day. This box weighs five kilos. I lived in Beijing five years ago.In autumn, some birds fly to the south. My grandfather gets up early in the morning. Every afternoon a lot of students come to the library to borrow books.11.會議有可能開兩個半小時.12. 正在睡覺的嬰兒笑了.13. 他把書放在書包里,而書包卻找不到了.14.

17、這里有些動物已經(jīng)滅絕了.15.他通過乞討為生.The meeting will last two and a half hours.The sleeping baby smiles.He put the books in the schoolbag , but the schoolbag disappeared.Some animals here have died out.He lives by begging16.他一直走到山邊. 17. 可憐的TOM 穿得破破爛爛.18.這支筆很好寫。19. 這些蘋果很好賣. 20. 這種布很易洗. He walked as far as the hil

18、lside.The poor Tom dressed poorly.The pen writes smoothly.These apples sell well.This kind of cloth washes easily.英語基本句型-3主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)由由主語主語+及物的謂語動詞及物的謂語動詞+賓語構(gòu)成賓語構(gòu)成賓語成分的多樣化使得這一結(jié)構(gòu)異常復(fù)雜賓語成分的多樣化使得這一結(jié)構(gòu)異常復(fù)雜即：很多詞性的單詞或者短語，從句都可以充當(dāng)賓語即：很多詞性的單詞或者短語，從句都可以充當(dāng)賓語1. Tom made a hole in the wall.2. They havent decided wh

19、ere to go next.3. She stopped teaching English two years ago.4. Mother promises to give me a present.5. I dont know if he can come tomorrow. 6. It took them ten years to build the dam.鞏固練習(xí)：鞏固練習(xí)：1昨晚我寫了一封信。昨晚我寫了一封信。 2今天下午我想同你談?wù)?。今天下午我想同你談?wù)劇?3這本書他讀過多次了。這本書他讀過多次了。 4他們成功地完成了計劃。他們成功地完成了計劃。 5那位先生能流利地說三種語言。那

20、位先生能流利地說三種語言。 I wrote a letter last night. I want to talk with you this afternoon.He has read this book many times.They have carried out the plan successfully. That gentleman can speak three languages fluently. 6我收到了筆友從澳大利亞寄來的信。我收到了筆友從澳大利亞寄來的信。 7Jim 還不會自己穿衣服。還不會自己穿衣服。 8我們大家都相信我們大家都相信Jack 是一個誠實男孩。是一個

21、誠實男孩。 9. 他不知道說什麼好。他不知道說什麼好。 10. 我開窗戶你在意嗎？我開窗戶你在意嗎？ I received a letter from my penfriend in Australia.Jim cannot dress himself. All of us believe that Jack is an honest boy. He did not know what to say.Do you mind my opening the window?“主語主語 + 謂語謂語 + 間接賓語間接賓語 + 直接賓語直接賓語”及物動詞及物動詞人人事物事物He brings me co

22、okies every day.She made me a beautiful dress.英語基本句型英語基本句型-4 雙賓語結(jié)構(gòu)雙賓語結(jié)構(gòu)若若先說直賓（事物）先說直賓（事物）后說間賓后說間賓（人）則要借助介詞（人）則要借助介詞to或或for He brings cookies to me every day. She made a beautiful dress for me.toto側(cè)重指動作方向，表示側(cè)重指動作方向，表示朝著，向著，對著朝著，向著，對著某人某人for for 側(cè)重指動作受益者，側(cè)重指動作受益者，表示為了某人，替某人表示為了某人，替某人常跟雙賓語的動詞有：常跟雙賓語的動詞

23、有：需借助需借助to的：的：bring, give, lend, hand, offer, pass, pay, promise, return, send, show, teach, tell, write, ask等等需借助需借助for的：的：buy, call, cook, choose, draw, find, get, make, order, sing, save, spare等等TIP:記憶時按短語組合短語組合來記憶如: give sb. sth. / give sth. to sb.buy sb. Sth. / buy sth. for sb.1Johnson 先生去年教我們德

24、語。先生去年教我們德語。 2奶奶昨晚給我們講了一個有趣的故事。奶奶昨晚給我們講了一個有趣的故事。 3請把那本字典遞給我好嗎？請把那本字典遞給我好嗎？ 4他把車票給列車員看。他把車票給列車員看。 鞏固練習(xí)鞏固練習(xí)Mr Johnson taught us German last year. Grandma told me an interesting story last night.Would you please pass me the dictionary? He showed the ticket to the conductor. 5我替你叫輛出租汽車好嗎？我替你叫輛出租汽車好嗎？ 6新

25、式機(jī)器將會為你節(jié)省許多勞動。新式機(jī)器將會為你節(jié)省許多勞動。 7他用他的第一個月工資給他媽媽買了一件毛衣。他用他的第一個月工資給他媽媽買了一件毛衣。The new machine will save you a lot of labour. He bought a new coat for his mother with his first months salary.Shall I call you a taxi? 英語基本句型英語基本句型- 5 復(fù)合賓語結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)合賓語結(jié)構(gòu)主語主語+及物的謂語動詞及物的謂語動詞+賓語賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語賓語補(bǔ)足語賓語與賓語補(bǔ)足語之間有賓語與賓語補(bǔ)足語之間有邏輯上的主

26、謂關(guān)系或主表邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系或主表關(guān)系關(guān)系若無賓語補(bǔ)足語，則句意不夠完整若無賓語補(bǔ)足語，則句意不夠完整可用做賓補(bǔ)的有：可用做賓補(bǔ)的有：名詞，形容詞，副詞，介詞短語，動詞不定式，分名詞，形容詞，副詞，介詞短語，動詞不定式，分詞等詞等 The sun keeps us warm. I heard him singing.You must get your hair cut. They made Tom monitor.He used to do his homework with his radio on. 用用 it 做形式賓語，而將真正的賓語放到賓補(bǔ)的做形式賓語，而將真正的賓語放到賓補(bǔ)的后面后面，以使句子結(jié)構(gòu)平衡，是英語常用的方式。，以使句子結(jié)構(gòu)平衡，是英語常用的方式。即：即：主語主語+謂語謂語+it+賓補(bǔ)賓補(bǔ)+真正賓語真正賓語。I found it very pleasant to be with your family.此類動詞常見的有：此類動詞常見的有：feel, think, make, find, consider等等此時賓補(bǔ)多為此時賓補(bǔ)多為adj.形容詞形容詞鞏固練習(xí)：鞏固練習(xí)：我們叫她我們叫她Alice. 2我們大家都認(rèn)為他是