名詞性從句經(jīng)典實用

1、unit 3the million pound bank note名詞性從句英語句子的種類英語句子的種類簡單句簡單句 (simple sentence)并列句并列句 (compound sentence)復(fù)合句復(fù)合句 (complex sentence)英語句子結(jié)構(gòu)概論名詞性從句復(fù)合句復(fù)合句:主句主句+從句從句 名詞名詞性從句性從句 定語從句定語從句 狀語從句狀語從句1. the boy who is standing over there is tom.2. because it is raining , we have to stay at home. 定語從句定語從句 狀語從句狀語從句3

2、. i know (that) he is from america.(賓語從句）賓語從句）名詞名詞性從句性從句-名詞性從句who will win the match is still unknown. i want to know who will win the match . the question is who will win the match . the question who will win the match is interesting. 主語從句主語從句賓語從句賓語從句表語從句表語從句同位語從句同位語從句名詞性從句noun clauses(名詞性從句名詞性從句)s

3、ubject clause (主語從句主語從句)appositive clause（同位語從句）（同位語從句）object clause（賓語從句）（賓語從句）predicative clause（表語從句）（表語從句）名詞性從句object clauses 賓語從句賓語從句名詞性從句conjunctions of noun clauses（引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞）：引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞）：從屬從屬連詞連詞（不作成分）（不作成分）連接連接代詞代詞（作主、賓、（作主、賓、表、定）表、定）連接連接副詞副詞（作狀語）（作狀語）what(ever), which(ever); who(ever),

4、whom(ever), whose that, whether, ifwhen(ever), where(ver), how(ever), why名詞性從句 做及物動詞的賓語做及物動詞的賓語 做介詞的賓語做介詞的賓語 做形容詞的賓語做形容詞的賓語名詞性從句一、連詞（引導(dǎo)詞）一、連詞（引導(dǎo)詞） 1. that1)當賓語從句是由當賓語從句是由陳述句轉(zhuǎn)變而來陳述句轉(zhuǎn)變而來時（包括肯定句和時（包括肯定句和否定句），連詞否定句），連詞由由that引導(dǎo)引導(dǎo)，因為，因為that在從句中在從句中不作不作任何成分任何成分，也，也沒有任何具體意思沒有任何具體意思，因此在口語或非正，因此在口語或非正式文體中式文體中

5、常省略。常省略。vlin tao feels (that) his own team is even better. the reason lies in that she works harder than the others do.名詞性從句2.在主句為動詞在主句為動詞be加某些形容詞（如加某些形容詞（如sorry, sure, afraid, glad等）作表語時，后面所跟等）作表語時，后面所跟的從句也可算是的從句也可算是賓語從句賓語從句(that可省略可省略)。vim sorry (that) i dont know .vwere sure (that) our team will

6、win .vim afraid (that) he wont pass the exam .名詞性從句3）賓語從句中的連接詞）賓語從句中的連接詞that在以下三在以下三種情況下種情況下不能省略：不能省略：（1）當）當that 從句與另一名詞性從句并列作賓語時，從句與另一名詞性從句并列作賓語時，第二個第二個that不能?。徊荒苁?；he said (that) he liked rain very much and that he wouldnt use an umbrella when it was raining. （2）當）當that從句作從句作介詞賓語介詞賓語時，時，that不可省。不可省

7、。i know nothing about him except that he is from the countryside. （3）用）用it做做形式賓語形式賓語的賓語從句，的賓語從句，that不可省。不可省。名詞性從句1.i dont think _ she is coming.2.i dont think it necessary _ you should read english aloud.3.he told me _ his father had died and _ he had to make a living alone.(that)thatthat(that)名詞性從句

8、1. i dont doubt _ he can speak english.2. i doubt_ he can speak english.whether/ ifthat名詞性從句當賓語當賓語從句是由一般疑問句變來時從句是由一般疑問句變來時時，由連詞時，由連詞whether或或if引導(dǎo)，引導(dǎo)， “是否是否”，不能省略。，不能省略。(1) lily wanted to know _ her grandma liked the handbag .(2) lets see _ we can find out some information about that city .(3) she as

9、ked me _ she could borrow these books .2. whether/ifwhether/ ifwhether/ ifwhether/ if名詞性從句注意注意 whether和和if的使用區(qū)別的使用區(qū)別: 1) whether和和if都可以引導(dǎo)賓語從句，但都可以引導(dǎo)賓語從句，但 a. 當從句中有當從句中有or not時就用時就用whether,不用不用if。 b. 介詞后面介詞后面的賓語從句不能用的賓語從句不能用if表示表示“是否是否”。 c. whether to do 做動詞賓語不能用做動詞賓語不能用if to do. 2) if可以引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句，可以引導(dǎo)

10、條件狀語從句，whether無此無此用法。用法。 i dont know whether or not i will stay.i worry about whether i hurt her feeling.if you are to succeed, you ought to work harder.i dont know whether to tell him about this.名詞性從句practice timei asked her _ she had a bike.were worried about _ he is safe. i dont know _ he is well

11、 or not.4. i dont know _ or not he is well.5. i dont know _ i should go. if / whetherwhetherwhetherwhetherwhether/if_ to go.whether名詞性從句3. 當賓語從句是由當賓語從句是由特殊疑問句轉(zhuǎn)變而來特殊疑問句轉(zhuǎn)變而來時，由時，由疑問詞疑問詞（what, who, whom, which, whose, when, where, how, why等等）引導(dǎo)，因為疑問詞在從句）引導(dǎo)，因為疑問詞在從句中擔任一定的句子成分，具有一定的意義，所中擔任一定的句子成分，具有一定的意義

12、，所以以不可以省略。不可以省略。v do you know _ he said just now ?v i dont remember _ we arrived .v i asked him _ i could get so much money in so short a time.v please tell me _ we have to see .v do you know _ time the plane leaves ?whatwhenwherewho / whomwhat名詞性從句二、時態(tài)二、時態(tài)1. 1. 如果如果主句是現(xiàn)在的時態(tài)主句是現(xiàn)在的時態(tài) （包括一般現(xiàn)在（包括一般現(xiàn)在時時

13、 ，現(xiàn)在進行時，現(xiàn)在完成時），現(xiàn)在進行時，現(xiàn)在完成時），從句的從句的時態(tài)可根據(jù)實際情況而定時態(tài)可根據(jù)實際情況而定，（包括一般現(xiàn)在，（包括一般現(xiàn)在時，一般過去時，一般將來時，現(xiàn)在完成時時，一般過去時，一般將來時，現(xiàn)在完成時等）。等）。v i know he _ here .(live)v i know he _ here ten years ago .(live) v i have heard that he _ tomorrow . (come)liveslivedwill come名詞性從句2. 如果主句是過去的時態(tài)如果主句是過去的時態(tài)（包括一般過去時，（包括一般過去時，過去進行時），過去進

14、行時），那么從句的時態(tài)一定要用相對那么從句的時態(tài)一定要用相對應(yīng)的過去的某種時態(tài)應(yīng)的過去的某種時態(tài)（包括一般過去時，過去（包括一般過去時，過去進行時，過去將來時，過去完成時）進行時，過去將來時，過去完成時）i knew who _ here. (live) i saw she _ her mother. (talk)he asked whether his father _ tomorrow. (come back)he said that he _ it before. (see)3.當從句是客觀真理，定義，公理，定理時用當從句是客觀真理，定義，公理，定理時用一般現(xiàn)在時一般現(xiàn)在時。livedw

15、as talking withwould come backhad seen名詞性從句三、語序三、語序賓語從句要用賓語從句要用陳述語序陳述語序：連接詞：連接詞+ +主語主語+ +謂語謂語+ +其他成分。其他成分。1. i dont know what is the matter / the trouble/ wrong with him.2. i dont know who did it.3. i dont know who is he.1. his brother asks when he will go to the library .2. his brother asks when wi

16、ll he go to the library . 1. i dont know what he wants to buy .2. i dont know what does he want to buy .名詞性從句21如果賓語從句后面有如果賓語從句后面有賓語補足語賓語補足語，要使用，要使用形式賓形式賓語語 it 而將而將真正的賓語真正的賓語that/wh-從句放到補足語后從句放到補足語后面面；find, feel, think, believe, guess, make e.g. i thought it strange that he failed to call me我覺得奇怪：他沒給

17、我打電話。我覺得奇怪：他沒給我打電話。用用it作形式賓語的賓語從句作形式賓語的賓語從句名詞性從句 1). can you make sure_ alice has put the gold ring. 2). it all depends on _they will support us . 3). she will give _needs help a warm support. 4). he made _clear to the public_ he did an important and necessary job . wherewhetherwhoeveritthat名詞性從句名詞性

18、從句名詞性從句 to名詞性從句predicative clauses 表語從句表語從句名詞性從句從屬連詞從屬連詞(不作成分）不作成分）連接代詞連接代詞（作成分）（作成分）連接副詞連接副詞（作狀語）（作狀語）what(ever), which(ever);who(ever), whom(ever), whose that, whether, as if/as though， becausewhen(ever), where(ever), how(ever), why, 表語從句表語從句是在復(fù)合句中作表語的名詞性從句是在復(fù)合句中作表語的名詞性從句,放在放在系動詞系動詞之后之后,一般結(jié)構(gòu)是一般結(jié)構(gòu)是

19、“主語主語+系動詞系動詞+表語從句表語從句”。可以接表語從句的系動詞有。可以接表語從句的系動詞有be, look, remain, seem等。等。表語從句表語從句名詞性從句表語從句表語從句the questions is_we can rely on him. 2. he didnt study abroad. thats_he was in need of money at that time. 3. he looked_he was going to cry. 4. my car broke down halfway. thats_i was late.whetherbecauseas

20、ifwhy名詞性從句 注注 意：意： 在表語從句中，表在表語從句中，表“是否是否” 時，只能用時，只能用 “whether”不能用不能用“if”。 一般情況下，一般情況下，“that”不能省。不能省。 it is/ was because . it is/ was why. 4. the reason (why/for)is/ was that.5. the reason/ result is because/ whythat .名詞性從句 my advice is that you _(set) off early tomorrow morning. his order is that we

21、 _(clean) the classroom every day. his suggestion is that the thief _(send) to the police station. the question is _ he will come.(should) set(should) clean(should) be sentwhether表示建議，要求，命令的詞表示建議，要求，命令的詞 sb (should) do名詞性從句1. thats _ the party called on us to do. a. why b. what c. how d. that 2. the

22、 reason is _ he is unable to operate the machine. a. because b. why c. that d. whether3 .that is _ they separated. a. that b. what c. which d. where 4.jane is no longer _ she was four years ago. a. what b. which c. that d. when 名詞性從句5. she looked _ she were ten years younger. a. that b. like c. as d

23、. as though6. - i fell sick! - i think it is _ you are doing too much. a. why b. when c. what d. because 7. the problem is _ he has enough time. a. if b. whether c. / d. that ddb名詞性從句8. the trouble is _we are short of tools. a. what b. that c. how d. why that9. the energy is _ makes the cells able t

24、o do their work. a. that b. which c. what d. suchbc名詞性從句subject clauses 主語從句主語從句名詞性從句conjunctions of noun clauses（引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞）：引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞）：從屬從屬連詞連詞（不作成分）（不作成分）連接連接代詞代詞（作主、賓、（作主、賓、表、定）表、定）連接連接副詞副詞（作狀語）（作狀語）what(ever), which(ever); who(ever), whom(ever), whose that, whetherwhen(ever), where(ver), how

25、(ever), why名詞性從句 whether “是否是否”，不做主語從句中成分，源，不做主語從句中成分，源于一般疑問句；于一般疑問句；“if” 不能引導(dǎo)主語從句。不能引導(dǎo)主語從句。引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)詞_ is not easy to say(他是否會來這兒）他是否會來這兒）.whether he will come here( if he will come here . )_ is more practice.（我們所需（我們所需要的）要的）_ is under discussion.（我們什么時候開始會議）（我們什么時候開始會議）四四. 連接副詞連接副詞 when 等在從句中作狀語。等在從句中

26、作狀語。what we needwhen we will begin the meeting三三. 連接代詞連接代詞what 等在從句中作主語、賓語等。等在從句中作主語、賓語等。名詞性從句 注意一注意一:主語從句后置主語從句后置! 為了避免主語冗長為了避免主語冗長,句子頭重腳輕句子頭重腳輕,經(jīng)常經(jīng)常用用it作形作形式主語式主語,主語從句放在后面作真正的主語主語從句放在后面作真正的主語.1. that the earth is round is known to all. 2. that you missed the chance is a pity. it is a pity that you

27、 missed the chance. its known to all that the earth is round.這樣就構(gòu)成了下面一些常用句型這樣就構(gòu)成了下面一些常用句型: it is +adj./ n. (strange/a pity/) + that it is + v.-ed (said/ reported) + that 名詞性從句what he needs _ that book.what he needs _ some books.isare注意三：注意三：what 與與 that 引導(dǎo)主語從句的區(qū)別引導(dǎo)主語從句的區(qū)別:注意二注意二:主語從句對應(yīng)的主句謂語動詞一般用主語從句

28、對應(yīng)的主句謂語動詞一般用單單數(shù)。但數(shù)。但what/ who等等引導(dǎo)主語從句時，主句謂語引導(dǎo)主語從句時，主句謂語單復(fù)數(shù)可根據(jù)單復(fù)數(shù)可根據(jù)表語表語決定。決定。 1. that不做成分；不能省略。不做成分；不能省略。 2. what可以做主語，賓語，表語?？梢宰鲋髡Z，賓語，表語?？勺g成可譯成“-的東西，話，的東西，話，事情，人，地方，時間，樣子等事情，人，地方，時間，樣子等” “所所-”1. what he said disappointed me.2. a computer can only do what you have instructed it to do .名詞性從句 _ he made

29、 an important speech at the meeting was true. a. that b. why c. what d. how 2. _ well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather . a. if b. whether c. that d. where 3. _ is known to us all is that america is a developed country _ the first world. a. which; belong to b. as, belonged to c. what; belon

30、ging to d. it; belonging to名詞性從句4. its known to us all _ a form of energy. a. water is b. that water is c. is water d. that water to 5. it worried her a bit _ her hair was turning gray.a. whether b. that c. what d. when6. what i say and think _ none of your business. a. is b. are c. has d have名詞性從句a

31、ppositive clauses 同位語從句同位語從句名詞性從句同位語從句同位語從句 1. 跟在某些抽象名詞后面，對該名詞作進一跟在某些抽象名詞后面，對該名詞作進一步解釋說明步解釋說明,解釋這些名詞的具體內(nèi)容。解釋這些名詞的具體內(nèi)容。常用名詞有常用名詞有belief, fact, idea, hope, news, doubt, result, thought, information, opinion等。以及等。以及suggestion, order, demand, wish等。等。2. 常用連詞：常用連詞：that, whether; when, where, why, how; wh

32、at, which, who, whom, whose, wh-ever等。等。 名詞性從句the queen of england was on a three-day visit in china./ we heard the news last night._ we heard the news last night that the queen of england was on a three-day visit in china._名詞性從句chinese students should be given more free time. the suggestion is welc

33、omed by many people, especially kids in school._ the suggestion that chinese students should be given more free time is welcomed by many people, especially kids in school._ _ 名詞性從句1. the news _ we won the competition is very encouraging.2. i have no idea _ has happened to him.用用that/ what填空填空whattha

34、t名詞性從句1.we expressed the hope that they had expected.2.we expressed the hope that they would come to visit china again.定語從句定語從句同位語從句同位語從句3. 連詞連詞that在同位語從句中在同位語從句中不可省略不可省略,而在定語從句而在定語從句中當它充當從句中當它充當從句賓語時可以省略賓語時可以省略。區(qū)別區(qū)別that引導(dǎo)的同位語從句和定語從句：引導(dǎo)的同位語從句和定語從句：1.引導(dǎo)同位語的連詞引導(dǎo)同位語的連詞that在句中在句中不作任何句子成分不作任何句子成分，而在定語從句中

35、，而在定語從句中，that充當?shù)目梢允浅洚數(shù)目梢允菑木涞闹髡Z或從句的主語或賓語賓語等。等。2. 同位語從句是對前面名詞的內(nèi)容的同位語從句是對前面名詞的內(nèi)容的具體說明具體說明，而，而定語從句是對前面名詞定語從句是對前面名詞進行修飾，解釋為進行修飾，解釋為“的的”。名詞性從句 判斷判斷:定語從句定語從句or同位語從句同位語從句1.the order that we should send a few people to help the other groups was received yesterday. 2.the order that we received yesterday was t

36、hat we should send a few people to help the other groups. 3.the news that he will leave for shanghai is true.5.the question that we discussed yesterday is a difficult one.(定語從句定語從句)(同位語從句同位語從句)(同位語從句同位語從句)(定語從句定語從句)名詞性從句b2. _ has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising .a. who b. the one

37、c. anyone d. whoever 3. information has been put forward _ more graduates will be admitted into universities .a. that b. how c. where d. what da1. he is absent from school . it is _ he is seriously ill. a. why b. because c. that d. the reasonpractice time名詞性從句4. - are you still thinking about yester

38、days game ? - oh, thats _. a. what makes me feel excited b. whatever i feel excited about c. how i feel about it d. when i feel excited a名詞性從句5.there will be a special price for _ buys things in large number here.a. who b. whom c. whoever d. whomever6. mary wrote an article on _ the team had failed

39、to win the game . why b. what c. who d. that7.the poor young man is ready to accept _ help he can get. a. whichever b. however c. whatever d. whenever名詞性從句8. _ man must fear when traveling in space is radiation from the sun. which b. how c. what d. that 9. it is generally considered unwise to give a

40、 child _ he or she wants. a. however b. whatever c. whichever d. whenever 名詞性從句10. she received the message _ he would come by plane. a. that b. which c. what d. when11. energy is _ makes things work. a. what b. something c. anything d. that12.our city has changed a lot ,and now it is quite differen

41、t from _ a few years ago. a. what it used to be b. that it used to be c.which it used to be d. what was it名詞性從句correct or not?*when the meeting will be held havent been known yet. be held hasnt been known yet.pay attention:主語從句對應(yīng)的主句的謂語主語從句對應(yīng)的主句的謂語用用單數(shù)單數(shù)形式形式 名詞性從句 correct or not?pay attention: 在此賓語從句

42、中，在此賓語從句中，it 充當充當形形式賓語式賓語，真正的賓語為，真正的賓語為that 從句從句i think it worthwhile that.* i think that worthwhile that we spent so much money on these books.名詞性從句*his brother asks when will he go to the library .pay attention:名詞性從句的語序用名詞性從句的語序用陳述語序陳述語序 correct or not?when he will go to the library . 名詞性從句* if we

43、 will have a meeting hasnt been decided yet.correct or not?whether we will. decided yet.pay attention:放在名詞性從句放在名詞性從句句首句首，表示，表示“是否是否”，只能用，只能用whether, 不能用不能用if名詞性從句 correct or not?pay attention:注意注意虛擬語氣虛擬語氣在名詞性從句中的在名詞性從句中的使用！由使用！由demand ,order, require, insist, suggest, advise等引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，或由等引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，或由demand, order, suggestion等引導(dǎo)的表語從句和同位語從句，其等引導(dǎo)的表語從句和同位語從句，其謂語要