否定句的譯法

1、否定句的譯法 英語(yǔ)中否定含義的表達(dá)形式多種多樣，其中有些表達(dá)方式與漢語(yǔ)的表達(dá)方式完全不同。由于英漢兩種語(yǔ)言在表達(dá)否定概念時(shí)使用的詞匯手段、語(yǔ)法手段以及語(yǔ)言邏輯方面存在差異，在英譯漢時(shí)往往需要做正反處理。就詞匯而言，英語(yǔ)中表示否定的詞比漢語(yǔ)多，有名詞、代詞、動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞、連詞等；從意義上分類有全部否定、部分否定、含蓄否定、否定轉(zhuǎn)移、特殊結(jié)構(gòu)等。其形式相當(dāng)繁雜，歸納如下： 7.1 全部否定(Absolute Negation) 全部否定用“全部否定詞+肯定式謂語(yǔ)”表示，其否定范圍自否定詞起一直延續(xù)到句末。如： 例1. As we know, electricity can not be

2、 conducted by means of insulation. 我們知道，電不能靠絕緣體來(lái)傳導(dǎo)。例2. China of today is not what it was thirty years ago. 今天的中國(guó)已經(jīng)不是30年前的中國(guó)了。例3. The book was nowhere to be found. 這本書到哪里也找不著了。例4. I found none of the things that I was looking for. 我要找的東西，一樣都沒有找到。例5. Nothing in the world is difficult for one who sets

3、his mind to it. 世上無(wú)難事，只怕有心人。 7.2 部分否定(Partial Negation) 英語(yǔ)中表示“全體”意義的代詞(如：all, both, everybody, everyone, everything)和表示“全體”意義的副詞(如：altogether, always, entirely, everywhere, wholly)與not連用時(shí)，均表示“不都”、“并非都”等部分否定意義，這種句型不同于漢語(yǔ)的思維方式，不要誤會(huì)作全部否定。如： 例1. Not all the answers are right. 并非所有的答案都是正確的。例2. All is not

4、gold that glitters. 閃光的東西并不都是金子。例3. I do not know all of them. 對(duì)于他們我不是個(gè)個(gè)都認(rèn)識(shí)。例4. I don't know everything about her. 關(guān)于她的事我不全知道。例5. Such a thing is not found everywhere. 這樣的事情并非什么地方都有。例6. I'm not altogether satisfied. 我并不完全滿意。例7. A great scholar is not always a very wise man. 大學(xué)者未必一定是極聰明的人。例8.

5、 I am pleased to know that, in your judgment, the little I did say was not entirely a failure. 您認(rèn)為我那短短的講話還不是徹底失敗，我感到十分高興。 7.3 半否定(Semi-Negation) 半否定也稱準(zhǔn)否定(Quasi-Negation)，它在否定中持一絲保留，沒把話說(shuō)絕。半否定詞有scarcely(幾乎不)、barely(幾乎沒有)、few(不多的，幾乎沒有的)、hardly(幾乎不，簡(jiǎn)直不)、little(不多的，毫不)、rarely(很少，難得)、seldom(很少)。這些詞與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞肯定

6、式連用，構(gòu)成半否定句。如： 例1. He had barely rested when he was called out again. 他再次被人喚走時(shí)，幾乎還沒有休息。例2. They are very few in number. 他們的數(shù)量很少。例3. On hearing the news, one could hardly believe his ears. 聽到這個(gè)消息，人們簡(jiǎn)直不相信自己的耳朵。例4. He slept little last night because of the pain. 由于疼痛，他昨夜幾乎沒睡。例5. Little remains to be sai

7、d. 簡(jiǎn)直沒有什么可說(shuō)的了。 7.4 特指否定(Special Negation) 否定謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞稱為一般否定(General Negation)，否定非謂語(yǔ)成分(即除謂語(yǔ)以外的其他成分，否定的僅是一個(gè)方面)稱為特指否定或局部否定(Local Negation)。如： 例1. They are allowed not to go swimming. 允許他們不去游泳。例2. You should pay attention not to what they say but to what they do. 你應(yīng)當(dāng)注意的不是他們說(shuō)什么而是他們做什么。例3. They want not your p

8、ity but your help. 他們要的不是你的憐憫，而是你的幫助。例4. He came to work not by bus, but on foot. 他不是坐車，而是步行上班的。 特指否定可以用下列結(jié)構(gòu)表達(dá)。這些結(jié)構(gòu)可構(gòu)成寓否定意義于肯定形式的英語(yǔ)句子，可譯為漢語(yǔ)的否定行文。如： 1) too.to (太不能)例1. He's too much of a coward to do that. 他太怯懦了，干不了那件事。例2. Instances are too numerous to list. 例子多得舉不勝舉。2) more A than B (與其B不如A)或mor

9、e than + 含有can (could)的從句例3. He is more brave than wise. 他有勇無(wú)謀。例4. My gratitude for your help is more than I can express. 對(duì)于你給我?guī)椭母屑ぶ槲覠o(wú)法表達(dá)。例5. This house is more like a school than a church. 這所房子與其說(shuō)像教堂，不如說(shuō)像學(xué)校。3) 比較級(jí) + than + 不定式(不至于做)例6. You should know better than to play football in the classroom

10、. 你應(yīng)懂得不該在教室里踢足球。例7. He was wiser than to have done such a thing. 他不至于愚蠢得竟然做出這樣的事情。4) 連詞or、before、unless在具體語(yǔ)境中表達(dá)特指否定意義例8. Give me liberty or give me death. 與其不自由，不如就去死。(不自由毋寧死。)例9. He'd die of hunger before he would steal. 他寧愿餓死不愿偷竊。例10. She desired no one for husband before him. 她非他不嫁。例11. He sl

11、ipped out before the meeting started. 會(huì)議還沒開始，他就悄悄地溜出去了。例12. Unless you put on your overcoat, you'll catch a cold. 如果你不穿大衣，就會(huì)著涼。 7.5 雙重否定(Double Negation) 雙重否定是用否定副詞not加否定意義的詞構(gòu)成的。not的作用是把后面一個(gè)詞語(yǔ)中已有的否定含義顛倒過(guò)來(lái)，形成“否定+否定=肯定”的語(yǔ)言效果，這種雙重否定可譯成漢語(yǔ)的肯定行文，有些是表示加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣，有些是委婉的表達(dá)法。如： 例1. I have brought back your man

12、not without risk and danger. 我已經(jīng)把你的人帶回來(lái)了那還是有風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的。例2. It is not uncommon for a great scholar to be ignorant in everyday affairs. 偉大的學(xué)者對(duì)日常事務(wù)無(wú)知，這種情況常見。例3. There is no metal but expands when heated and contracts when cooled. 金屬都是熱脹冷縮的。【評(píng)析】but相當(dāng)于否定性關(guān)系代詞which not，使此句構(gòu)成雙重否定。例4. I could not see you and not l

13、ove you. 我見到你就生愛慕之心。例5. No one can read the story without being moved to tears. 誰(shuí)讀了這篇小說(shuō)都會(huì)潸然淚下。例6. Americans don't speak English without slang. 美國(guó)人開口必說(shuō)俚語(yǔ)。cannot.too/over/enough是雙重否定的一種特殊句型，意為“怎么都不過(guò)分”。如：例7. You cannot be too careful. / You cannot be over careful. / You cannot be carefulenough. 你越小

14、心越好。(你多么小心都不過(guò)分。)例8. He can't be over praised. 怎么贊揚(yáng)他都不為過(guò)。有時(shí)可用hardly、scarcely、impossible、difficult替換cannot.too結(jié)構(gòu)中的not。如：例9. We can hardly come back too soon. 我們回來(lái)得愈快越好。例10. Now, I have recalled these beginnings of the careers of Franklin, Darwin and Mozart because they strikingly illustrate a prof

15、ound psychological truth, the significance of whichcan scarcely be overestimated. 現(xiàn)在，我又一次重溫了弗蘭克林、達(dá)爾文以及莫扎特開創(chuàng)事業(yè)的情況，因?yàn)檫@些情況顯然闡明了一個(gè)心理方面的深刻道理，其意義無(wú)論怎樣估計(jì)也是不過(guò)分的。 7.6 轉(zhuǎn)移否定(Transferred Negation) 轉(zhuǎn)移否定是用于否定中的一種特殊現(xiàn)象，即句中的否定雖然出現(xiàn)在主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞部分，否定范圍卻不在主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞本身，而轉(zhuǎn)移到了句子末端的賓語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)或其他成分上。 1. 轉(zhuǎn)移否定表示思維活動(dòng) 轉(zhuǎn)移否定多局限于表示思維活動(dòng)，如判斷看法之類的動(dòng)詞

16、，比如：anticipate(預(yù)料，期待)、believe(相信)、calculate(計(jì)劃，打算)、expect(幻想)、figure(想象)、hope(希望)、imagine(想象)、reckon(認(rèn)為)、suppose(設(shè)想，推測(cè))、think(想，認(rèn)為)等。使用這類動(dòng)詞時(shí)，主語(yǔ)中的否定往往轉(zhuǎn)移到賓語(yǔ)從句中。 例1. I don't believe that Peter is guilty of the crime. 我相信彼得是無(wú)罪的。例2. I don't suppose that my boss will object to my absence. 我想老板不會(huì)反對(duì)

17、我請(qǐng)假。例3. I don't fancy we can win easy victories. 我認(rèn)為我們不能輕易取勝。例4. I don't imagine these young people are dropouts. 我想這些年輕人不是退學(xué)學(xué)生。例5. I don't think this article is any easier than that one. 我認(rèn)為這篇文章一點(diǎn)不比那篇容易。需要注意的是，并非所有這種相似含義的動(dòng)詞都能用于否定轉(zhuǎn)移結(jié)構(gòu)，assume(設(shè)想)、surmise(推測(cè))、presume(假設(shè)，推定)等詞就不用于否定轉(zhuǎn)移。如：例6.

18、 They don't assume that Tom came. 他們不相信湯姆來(lái)了。例7. They assume that Tom didn't come. 他們相信湯姆沒有來(lái)。 2. 表示感覺 表示感覺的系動(dòng)詞seem(看起來(lái))、appear(看上去，似乎)、feel(感覺)、look as if(看上去似乎)、sound as if(聽起來(lái)似乎)等做主句的謂語(yǔ)時(shí)，否定轉(zhuǎn)移到其后的從句中。如： 例1. It doesn't seem likely that he will pass the exam. 看起來(lái)他考試不會(huì)及格。例2. It doesn't

19、appear that she had a taste for music. 她對(duì)音樂似乎沒有什么鑒賞能力。例3. I don't feel I can stand it much longer. 我覺得我再也受不了啦。例4. It doesn't look as if we'll have to walk. 看起來(lái)我們似乎不必步行。例5. His voice doesn't sound as if he, had a cold. 他的聲音聽著不像傷風(fēng)似的。 此外，如果表示“想，設(shè)想”的動(dòng)詞或上面所提到的動(dòng)詞跟情態(tài)動(dòng)詞連用或有副詞修飾時(shí)，這時(shí)否定就不轉(zhuǎn)移到從句上

20、。如： 例6. I can't believe that they are married. 我不能相信他們結(jié)婚了。例7. I didn't ever suppose they were happy. 我從來(lái)不認(rèn)為他們幸福。例8. You mustn't think he is stupid. 你千萬(wàn)不要認(rèn)為他笨。例9. I wouldn't have imagined that he would be here. 我從不曾想到他會(huì)在這兒。例10. It just didn't seem that it would rain. 就是看不出來(lái)天會(huì)下雨。 在

21、這些例子中，否定不能再轉(zhuǎn)移的原因很清楚，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有它自己的意思，而狀語(yǔ)則是強(qiáng)調(diào)主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的。 3. 否定從謂語(yǔ)轉(zhuǎn)向不定式 在某些情況下，否定可以從謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞向不定式轉(zhuǎn)移，即否定詞not由謂語(yǔ)部分移向不定式to之前。如： 例1. The baby doesn't appear to be awake. =The baby appears not to be awake. 那孩子看上去沒有醒著。例2. She didn't seem to have changed much. =She seemed not to have changed much. 她看上去沒多大變化。例3.

22、 I didn't come here to hear your grievances. =I came here not to hear your grievances. 我到這兒來(lái)并不是為了聽你訴苦。 4. not because結(jié)構(gòu) 在not because結(jié)構(gòu)中，常有否定轉(zhuǎn)移現(xiàn)象，在這類結(jié)構(gòu)中，雖然從語(yǔ)法上看，not與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞連用，但是否定重心不在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞上，而在由because引起的從句和由for引起的介詞短語(yǔ)上。如： 例1. I don't teach because teaching is easy for me. 我之所以教書不是因?yàn)槲矣X得教書輕松。例2. He

23、 doesn't like them because they are always helpful but because they never complain. 他喜歡他們并不是因?yàn)樗麄儤酚谥?，而是因?yàn)樗麄儚牟槐г?。?. Raven didn't leave the party early because Carol was there. 雷文并不是因?yàn)榭鍫栐谀抢锒茉绲仉x開了那個(gè)聚會(huì)。 5. 語(yǔ)境與否定轉(zhuǎn)移 丹麥英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法學(xué)家Otto Jesperson在A Modern English Grammar一書中說(shuō)，“英語(yǔ)有一種趨勢(shì)，就是盡量在本應(yīng)使用特指否定的地方改用

24、一般否定，即將否定詞盡量置于謂語(yǔ)部分。”換言之，謂語(yǔ)部分的否定詞可以和句中的任何成分發(fā)生關(guān)系，因此否定句所表示的可以不止一種關(guān)系，而可能是多種關(guān)系，是表層結(jié)構(gòu)(surface structure)相同，但深層結(jié)構(gòu)(deep structure)各異的歧義結(jié)構(gòu)。比如例句：I didn't take Joan to swim in the pool today. 若說(shuō)話者帶上不同的對(duì)比核心重音，否定的焦點(diǎn)便落在不同的位置上，句子的意思便產(chǎn)生了區(qū)別。從邏輯上講，這一句子可有六種不同的意義： 例1. I didn't take Joan to swim in the pool toda

25、y. (I forgot to do so.) 我今天沒帶瓊到游泳池去游泳。(我忘記帶她去了。)例2. I didn't take Joan to swim in the pool today. (It was Mary.) 我今天帶到游泳池去游泳的不是瓊。(是瑪麗)例3. I didn't take Joan to swim in the pool today. (just to see it) 我今天帶瓊到游泳池去不是游泳。(只不過(guò)是看看而已)例4. I didn't take Joan to swim in the pool today. (I took her

26、to the seaside) 我今天帶瓊?cè)ビ斡镜牡胤讲皇怯斡境亍?是海邊)例5. I didn't take Joan to swim in the pool today. (It was last week that I did so). 我不是今天帶瓊?cè)ビ斡境赜斡镜摹?我是上周帶她去的)例6. I didn't take Joan to swim in the pool today. (It was my brother who took her) 今天帶瓊?cè)ビ斡境赜斡镜牟皇俏摇?是我兄弟帶她去的。) 對(duì)于把英語(yǔ)作為外語(yǔ)來(lái)學(xué)習(xí)的中國(guó)人來(lái)說(shuō)，這種轉(zhuǎn)移否定最易造成誤解，因?yàn)闈h

27、語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)序同語(yǔ)義有十分密切的關(guān)系，句子的意思是靠相鄰成份的粘連，否定詞很難越過(guò)其相鄰的詞而和相距甚遠(yuǎn)的成份發(fā)生關(guān)系。而英語(yǔ)中否定詞的否定范圍卻可以包括句子的每個(gè)成份。若不以話語(yǔ)形式出現(xiàn)，若不受上下文約束，下面這些句子至少都有兩種理解。 例1. He didn't mention it on purpose. He mentioned it unintentionally. 他不是故意提到這事的。 He deliberately didn't mention it. 他故意不提這事。例2. He didn't go downtown because his father w

28、as ill. He went downtown, but it wasn't because his father was ill. 他進(jìn)城并不是因?yàn)樗赣H病了。 Because his father was ill, he didn't go downtown. 他沒進(jìn)城，因?yàn)樗赣H病了。例3. I have not studied English for two years. I have studied English for less than two years. 我學(xué)英語(yǔ)還不到兩年。 I stopped studying English two years ago

29、. 我已經(jīng)有兩年不學(xué)英語(yǔ)了。 事實(shí)上，我們理解句子并非只依賴語(yǔ)序等句法結(jié)構(gòu)，非語(yǔ)言知識(shí)在句子理解中起著十分重要的作用。一旦用常識(shí)來(lái)判斷、辨別，有的否定句即使無(wú)邏輯重音和上下文也不會(huì)產(chǎn)生歧義。如： 例1. The earth does not move round in empty space. 地球并不是在空無(wú)一物的空間中運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)。例2. The engine didn't stop because the fuel was finished. 發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)不是因?yàn)槿剂嫌猛甓Ｏ聛?lái)的。例3. He was not ready to believe something just because i

30、t was said to be so by Aristotle. 他(伽利略)并不是因?yàn)閬喞锼苟嗟抡f(shuō)過(guò)某事如何如何，就輕易地相信了?！驹u(píng)析】若理解成否定主句：“只是因?yàn)閬喞锼苟嗟抡f(shuō)過(guò)某事，他才不愿相信”。就大錯(cuò)特錯(cuò)了，好像伽利略對(duì)亞里斯多德抱有很深的成見，因而固執(zhí)成見，甚至不顧真理似的。例4. Facts do not cease to exist just because they are ignored. Aldous Huxley. 事實(shí)并不因?yàn)槿藗兒鲆暰筒辉俅嬖诹?。赫胥黎?. The sky is not less blue because the blind man does n

31、ot see it. 天空不會(huì)因?yàn)槊と丝床灰?，就不那么藍(lán)了。例6. Neither believe nor reject anything, because any other person has rejected or believed it. Thomas Jefferson. 不要因?yàn)閯e人相信或否定了什么東西，你也就去相信或否定它。杰斐遜 應(yīng)當(dāng)指出的是，上文提到的否定范圍是一個(gè)重要的語(yǔ)法概念。例如，I didn't go because I was afraid. 按否定轉(zhuǎn)移可理解為：我不是因?yàn)楹ε虏湃サ?。若寫成I didn't go, because I was af

32、raid, 則按否定主句來(lái)理解，意思是：因?yàn)槲液ε?，所以我才沒去。因?yàn)榉穸ǚ秶蕉禾?hào)就結(jié)束了。 大多數(shù)情況下，都要根據(jù)上下文，邏輯推理，說(shuō)話人的語(yǔ)調(diào)，標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)的運(yùn)用等加以確定，細(xì)心揣摩，具體分析，不能以某種規(guī)則去硬套。 7.7 含蓄否定(Implied Negation) 有些句子單從形式上看是肯定的，而意義上是否定的，稱為含蓄否定。從英譯漢的角度看，下述幾類值得注意： 1. 用虛擬語(yǔ)氣構(gòu)成 虛擬語(yǔ)氣是構(gòu)成含蓄否定的語(yǔ)法手段。虛擬語(yǔ)氣是表示說(shuō)話人主觀愿望或假設(shè)情況，往往與事實(shí)相反，所以肯定式的虛擬語(yǔ)氣，往往表示事實(shí)上的否定。如： 例1. She would have fallen but fo

33、r his sudden arm. 要不是他一把抓住她，她就摔倒了。例2. As if he would ever go! (= Of course he won't go.) 他才不會(huì)去呢。例3. If I had time for that! (= I don't have time for that.) 要是我有時(shí)間干那件事多好!(實(shí)際上我沒有時(shí)間干那件事。)例4. If I only knew! (= It's a pity that I don't know.) 要是我知道多好!(很遺憾我不知道。) 2. 用隱含否定含義的成語(yǔ)構(gòu)成 含有否定意義的常用成

34、語(yǔ)有：to be (all) Greek to(不懂)、to be all thumbs(不順手，不通)、to be at sea(茫然，不知如何是好)、to be barren of(無(wú)益的，無(wú)結(jié)果的)、to cut sb. (不理睬，假裝沒看見)、for want of(因缺少)、to give sb. the go-by(不理睬)、to give sb. the cut direct(故意不理某人)、to be a layman(外行，不懂)、to mind one's own business(不要管閑事)、to null and void(無(wú)效，失效)、toturn a de

35、af ear to(充耳不聞)、to shut one's eyes to(視而不見，熟視無(wú)賭)等。如： 例1. Bionics is all Greek to me. 仿生學(xué)我一竅不通。例2. He is so upset today, he is all thumbs. 他今天心煩意亂，做事很不順手。例3. I was (quite) at a loss how to do. 我不知怎么做好。例4. He turns a deaf ear to all warnings. 他對(duì)所有警告都充耳不聞。例5. The plants died for want of water. 這些植物

36、因缺水而枯死了。例6. John fell in love with Mary, but she gave him the go-by. 約翰愛上了瑪麗，但瑪麗卻不理睬他。例7. How have I offended you? You gave me the cut direct? 你故意不理我，我怎么得罪你了? 3. 用隱含強(qiáng)烈否定意義的習(xí)語(yǔ)、反語(yǔ)、問句等構(gòu)成 用暗含強(qiáng)烈否定意義的習(xí)語(yǔ)、反語(yǔ)、問句等修辭手段是一種表示含蓄否定的方法。這種否定方法往往比一般的否定句更具有強(qiáng)烈的否定意義，更能表達(dá)深刻的思想、強(qiáng)烈的感情。這種含蓄否定既無(wú)特定句型，又無(wú)否定詞，其否定含義多為習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)或引申義。如：

37、例1. I'll buy it. 我答不上來(lái)(或“不曉得”)。例2. Catch me making the same error again. 我決不再犯同樣的錯(cuò)誤。例3. I dare him to jump. 我諒他也不敢跳。例4. Keep it dark! 這事不可泄露出去。例5. She bears her age well. 她一點(diǎn)不顯老。例6. For all I care! 這事我才不管呢。(我才不在乎呢!)例7. It's anyone's guess. 這事誰(shuí)也不清楚。例8. What difference does it make? (=It m

38、akes no difference.) 這有什么不同?(這沒有什么不同。)(修辭問句)例9. Much I care! (=I don't care.） 我太在乎了!(我才不在乎呢!)(反語(yǔ))例10. A fat lot you know! (=You know nothing.) 你懂的真多!(你懂個(gè)屁!)(習(xí)語(yǔ))例11. Much right he has to interfere with me. 他有那么多干涉我的權(quán)力!(他根本沒有干涉我的權(quán)力!)(反語(yǔ))例12. Be dazed/hanged if I know. (=I don't know at all.) 鬼

39、才知道!(我根本不知道。)(賭咒語(yǔ)) 4. 由It is.that.形成的英文諺語(yǔ)構(gòu)成 在英文諺語(yǔ)中，It is.that的含義是“再也不會(huì)(不能)”、“無(wú)論多么也不會(huì)(也不能)。”從其含義上看可以視為一種表示“讓步”概念的特殊表現(xiàn)法。有不少具有這種結(jié)構(gòu)的英文諺語(yǔ)有含蓄否定意義。如： 例1. It is a bold mouse that breeds in the cat's ear. 再膽大的老鼠也不會(huì)在貓耳朵里下崽。例2. It is silly goose that comes to the fox's sermon. 再傻的鵝也不會(huì)聽狐貍說(shuō)教。例3. It is a

40、fond fisher that angles for a frog. 再笨的漁翁也不至釣青蛙。例4. It is a good gear that lasts aye. 再好的工具也不會(huì)永遠(yuǎn)不壞。例5. It is a wise father that knows his own child. 聰明的父親，也往往不了解自己的兒子。例6. It is a good doctor that follows his own advice. 名醫(yī)不自醫(yī)。例7. It is an ill bird that fouls it's own nest. 再壞的鳥也不會(huì)弄臟自己的窩巢(家丑不可外揚(yáng))

41、。例8. It is a poor mouse that has only one hole. 再笨的老鼠也不會(huì)只打一個(gè)洞(狡兔三窟)。 在以上8個(gè)例句中，that部分從形式看都是肯定的，其含義都是否定的。原因在于，這種句型不同于一般的含有定語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句，更不是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。若從英譯漢的角度看，這是一種需要反譯的特殊句型。從上述例句看，后面的that原文是肯定句，應(yīng)譯成否定句；相反，也有一些此類英諺原文是否定句，但應(yīng)譯成肯定句。如： 例1. It is a long lane that has no turning. 再長(zhǎng)的長(zhǎng)巷也有轉(zhuǎn)彎(路必有彎，事必有變)。例2. It is a wise m

42、an that never makes mistake. 智者千慮，必有一失(圣人也會(huì)犯錯(cuò)誤)。例3. It is a sad (poor) heart that never rejoices. 再悲傷(不幸)的人也有歡樂的時(shí)候。例4. It is a skilled worker that never blunders. 人有失手，馬有失蹄。例5. It is a good machine that never goes out of order. 永遠(yuǎn)不出故障的機(jī)器是沒有的(再好的機(jī)器也有發(fā)生故障的時(shí)候)。 7.8 非否定意義的否定句 英語(yǔ)中有些句子形式上是否定句，意義上卻是肯定的。這種句

43、子被稱為非否定意義的否定句，可譯成漢語(yǔ)的肯定行文。從句型或用法上看，有下述幾類： 1. not.for nothing 在句型not.for nothing中，not用來(lái)否定for nothing，從而加強(qiáng)了謂語(yǔ)的肯定意義。例1. Believe me; he did not fly into such a rage for nothing. 請(qǐng)相信我，他勃然大怒是有原因的。例2. I saw it in your eyes when I first beheld you; this expression and smile did not did not strike delight to my inmost heart for nothing. (Charlotte Bronte) 我第一次看見你時(shí)