直接引語(yǔ)和間接引語(yǔ)的講解及聯(lián)系

1、-作者xxxx-日期xxxx直接引語(yǔ)和間接引語(yǔ)的講解及聯(lián)系【精品文檔】direct speech and indirect speech直接引語(yǔ)間接引語(yǔ)一 什么是直接引語(yǔ)和間接引語(yǔ)引用或轉(zhuǎn)述別人說(shuō)的話(huà)時(shí)有兩種方法：直接引述別人的原話(huà)，這叫做直接引語(yǔ)(direct speech)。用自己的話(huà)轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話(huà)，叫間接引語(yǔ)(indirect speech)。一般地講，直接引語(yǔ)前后要加引號(hào)，間接引語(yǔ)不用引號(hào)，而用賓語(yǔ)從句來(lái)表達(dá)。Mr. Black said, “I'm busy.”布菜克先生說(shuō)：“我很忙”。（直接引語(yǔ)）Mr. Black said that he was busy.布菜克先生說(shuō)他很

2、忙。（賓語(yǔ)從句是間接引語(yǔ)）二它們的區(qū)別 兩者的符號(hào)不同直接引語(yǔ)前有逗號(hào)“，”直接引語(yǔ)后有雙引號(hào) “”三如何把直接引語(yǔ)變成間接引語(yǔ)1 直接引語(yǔ)出現(xiàn)的第一人稱(chēng)，無(wú)論是主格、賓格，根據(jù)意思改變?nèi)朔Q(chēng)。如：He said: “My mother is a teacher.”-He said his mother was a teacher.2. 若主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一般過(guò)去時(shí)， 直接引語(yǔ)變成間接引語(yǔ)要調(diào)整時(shí)態(tài)。請(qǐng)看下表：直接引語(yǔ)間接引語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)過(guò)去時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)將來(lái)時(shí)將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)將來(lái)完成時(shí)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)過(guò)去時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)不變過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)過(guò)去將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)過(guò)去將來(lái)完成時(shí)過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)2、

3、指示代詞、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)和地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)的相應(yīng)變化 直接引語(yǔ)間接引語(yǔ)指示代詞this/thesethat/those時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)nowthentodaythat daytonightthat nightthis week (month)that week (month)yesterdaythe day beforelast week (month)the week (month)beforetwo weeks (month)agotwo weeks (months)beforetomorrowthe next daynext week (month)the next week (month)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)heret

4、here動(dòng) 詞comegobringtake 3. 句型的調(diào)整(1)直接引語(yǔ)是疑問(wèn)句時(shí)直接引語(yǔ)如為疑問(wèn)句，改為間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，須將疑問(wèn)句的語(yǔ)序改為陳述句的語(yǔ)序。其人稱(chēng)、時(shí)態(tài)等相應(yīng)的變化同上。巧記：if(或whether)替引號(hào)，陳述語(yǔ)序要記牢。時(shí)態(tài)、人稱(chēng)和狀語(yǔ)要變化，千萬(wàn)別把它忘掉。1、直接引語(yǔ)是一般問(wèn)句變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，須用連接詞whether或if將其引出，使其成為間接引語(yǔ)的賓語(yǔ)從句。如果主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為said，則將其改為asked。如果謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞后沒(méi)有間接賓語(yǔ)，可以加上一個(gè)間接賓語(yǔ)me, him, her, them, us等。She said, “Is your father an eng

5、ineer?” 她說(shuō)：“你父親是工程師嗎?”She asked me whether my father was an engineer.她問(wèn)我說(shuō)我父親是否是工程師。The teacher said to Li Ming, “Have you finished your homework?”老師對(duì)李明說(shuō)：“你做完作業(yè)了嗎?”The teacher asked Li Ming whether he had finished his homework.老師問(wèn)李明是否已做完作業(yè)了。2、直接引語(yǔ)是特殊問(wèn)句如果直接引語(yǔ)為特殊疑問(wèn)句, 改為間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，仍用特殊疑問(wèn)句中的疑問(wèn)詞what, where, wh

6、en, who, how many作為連接詞將其引出，構(gòu)成間接引語(yǔ)中的賓語(yǔ)從句，但須將疑問(wèn)式的動(dòng)詞改為陳述式。如果主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為said，則將其改為asked。巧記：直接去引號(hào)，陳述語(yǔ)序莫忘掉。助動(dòng)do(does)、did，要去掉?！癢hat do you do every Sunday morning?”my friend said to me.我的朋友問(wèn)我說(shuō)，每星期天上午你做什么?My friend asked me what I did every Sunday morning. 我的朋友問(wèn)我每星期天上午我做什么?！癢here have you been, Li Ming?”the

7、teacher asked. 老師問(wèn)道：“你上哪里去了，李明?”The teacher asked Li Ming where he had been. 老師問(wèn)李明曾去過(guò)哪兒。注意： 直接引語(yǔ)里是：What's wrong with?/What's the matter? /What's the trouble?/What has happened?/等特殊疑問(wèn)句時(shí),間接引語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)序不變。He said to her“Whats the matter with you?”他問(wèn)她“你怎么了？”He asked her what was the matter with her

8、. 他問(wèn)她怎么了。四、直接引語(yǔ)是祈使句巧記：去掉引號(hào)要加to；ask，order須記住，直引若是否定式，not加在to前部。轉(zhuǎn)述祈使句時(shí)，要使祈使句的動(dòng)詞原形變?yōu)閹o的不定式，并在不定式的前面根據(jù)句子的意思加上tell、ask、order等動(dòng)詞，如果祈使句為否定式，在不定式的前面加not。如果祈使句中有please一詞,改為間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，就將please去掉。成為：told (asked, ordered, warned)someone (not)to do something結(jié)構(gòu)。He said,“Sit down, please.” 他說(shuō)：“請(qǐng)坐?！盚e asked me to sit d

9、own. 他讓我坐下。The teacher said, “Dont talk in class! ” 老師說(shuō)：“上課不要講話(huà)! ”The teacher told us not to talk in class!老師要我們上課不要講話(huà)。The captain said to his men,“Fire! ”上尉對(duì)他的士兵們說(shuō)“開(kāi)火！”The captain ordered his men to fire. 上尉命令他的士兵們開(kāi)火！The policeman said to the children,“Don't play football in the middle of the s

10、treet.”警察對(duì)孩子們說(shuō)：“別在馬路中間踢足球?！盩he policeman warned the children not to play football in the middle of the street.警察警告孩子們不要在馬路中間踢足球。 練習(xí)： I. 請(qǐng)選出正確的答案：1. “Youve already got well， havent you？” she asked. She asked _.A. if I have already got well， hadnt youB. whether I had already got wellC. have I already

11、got wellD. had I already got well.2. He asked ， “ Are you a Party member or a League member？”He asked me _.A. am I a Party member or a League memberB. was I a Party member or a League memberC. if I was a Party member or a League memberD. whether was I a Party member or a League member.3. He asked， “

12、How are you getting along？” He asked _.A. how am I getting alongB. how are you getting alongC. how I was getting alongD. how was I getting along4. He asked me _ with me.A. what the matter is B. what the mater wasC. whats the matter D. what was the matter5. He said， “Dont do that again.” He _ me _ th

13、at again.A. said to me； not to do B. said to me； dont doC. told me； dont do D. told me； not to do6. Can you make sure _？A. that he will come here today B. when he will come here todayC. will he come here today D. whether will he come here today7. Do you happen to know _？A. where is her addressB. in

14、which place is her addressC. what her address isD. the place her address is8. Excuse me， but can you tell me _？A. where can I get to the library B. where I can get to the libraryC. how can I get to the library D. how I can get to the library9. John asked me _ to visit his uncles farm with him.A. how

15、 would I likeB. if or not would I likeC. whether I would like D. which I would like10. Id like to know _ Chinese.A. when he began to learn B. when did he begin to learnC. when did he begin learningD. for how long he began to learnII. 將下列句子變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)：1. “You should be more careful next time，” his father

16、said to him.2. Mr. Wang said， “I will leave for Shanghai on business next month， children”3. “I havent heard from my parents these days，” said Mary.4. The geography teacher said to us， “The moon moves around the earth and the earth goes round the sun.”5. She said to him， “Its time that you left here

17、.”6. Zhang Hong said to me， “Doctor Wang passed away in 1948.”7. John said to his parents， “I had learned 500 Chinese words by the end of last term.”8. The history teacher said to them， “The Chinese Communist Party was founded on July 1st ，1921.”9. He said， “Are you a student？”10. “Have you anything

18、 interesting I can read， George？” she said.11. “Shes here to ask for help， isnt she？” he asked.12. “Where are you going？” the father asked his son.13. “Are you sorry for what you have done？” the mother asked the naughty boy.14. She said， “Did you meet this man at the station two hours ago， Mr. Li？”15. “Write your names on your papers first，” the teacher said to us.16. “Please come here again tomorrow，” her friend said to her.17. “Let me pack the parcel for you，” he said.18. “Dont make so much noise i