高中英語動詞及動詞時態(tài)講解與練習(xí)

1、 動詞及動詞時態(tài)實義動詞及物動詞a.動詞后要求有賓語，否則意思不完整的動詞。及物動詞可有被動結(jié)構(gòu)。She studies English very hard.I always review my lessons in the evening.b. 及物動詞的另兩種結(jié)構(gòu)及物動詞中有少數(shù)動詞要求一個賓語（直接賓語）外，還要求有一個賓語（間接賓語），才使句意完整。這類動詞有：leave, show, bring, lend, teach, give, tell, hand, write等。Ill tell you a story about Leifeng. 還有少數(shù)動詞要求一個賓語外，還要求有一個

2、補足語來使句意完整。這類動詞有：name, call, get, have, find, turn, think, consider等。They call him Lao Wang.2) 不及物動詞不及物動詞指不可帶賓語的動詞，也不可用于被動語態(tài)。The sun rises in the east.He came last month.They go to school every day.3)連系動詞連系動詞只起連系作用，雖有詞義但不能單獨作謂語，后必須加表語一起構(gòu)成謂語。常用的連系動詞有： appear, become, fall, feel, get, go, grow, keep, l

3、ook, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, turn等。She felt a bit tired.He kept silent at the meeting. 注：連系動詞不可與副詞連用。時態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時用法：經(jīng)常性動作等。常與everyday, often, always, once a week, seldom, usually等連用。She is our teacher of English.真理和事實。Light travels faster than sound.有計劃的動作，常用go, come, start, leave, arriv

4、e, return等動詞。I leave for Beijing next Monday.代替一般將來時，在由when, if, before, as soon as, unless等引導(dǎo)的時間，條件狀語從句中，用一般現(xiàn)在時代替一般將來時。When I grow up I shall be a soldier.動作正在發(fā)生，用在由here, there等開首的句子中，表示現(xiàn)在正在發(fā)生。There goes the bell.表示主語的習(xí)慣特征，性格，能力等。He studies very hard.一般的說明文字等。The book says that women can live longe

5、r than men.2）一般過去時表示過去的某個時間發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，常和明確的時間狀語連用。She went out just now.I saw him yesterday.表示過去經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動作。Last month she worked eleven hours every day.He used to get up early.3)一般將來時表示將來發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。I shall not be free tonight.表示將來經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動作。We will go for an outing every other week.表示將來動作的其他形式be going t

6、o+ 動詞原形be to+動詞原形be about(around/sure/certain/due/bound) to+動詞原形4)過去將來時表示在過去將來的某一時間發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。2 / 8I didnt expect that so many people would offer their help.也可用was/were to+動詞原形或was/were about to+動詞原形或was/were going to+動詞原形表示過去將來時。I was about to leave when the telephone rang.5)現(xiàn)在進行時表示正在進行的動作。What ar

7、e you doing now?表示即將發(fā)生的動作.She is leaving tomorrow.表示現(xiàn)階段正在進行的動作.More and more people are giving up smoking.表示反復(fù)發(fā)生的或習(xí)慣性的動作,常表示不滿,抱怨,贊賞等.She is always finding fault with others.6)過去進行時1. 過去某一時刻在進行的動作經(jīng)常需要表示過去的時間狀語This time yesterday, they were having lunch.2.過去進行時常與一般現(xiàn)在時配合，互為時間背景I was writing a letter w

8、hen he came.The telephone rang while she was washing.3.過去反復(fù)的動作，常同always, frequently, continually等連用They were frequently going there.)將來進行時表示將來某一時刻正在進行的動作，常表示安排好的事They will be discussing the problem this time next week.表示預(yù)料不久要發(fā)生或勢必要發(fā)生的動作The train will not be leaving until one oclock.8)現(xiàn)在完成時表示動作剛剛完成.I

9、 have finished that work.表示過去做的動作對現(xiàn)在仍有影響.Who has opened the door?表示過去某時開始的動作一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并且可能會延續(xù)下去.He has worked in the company since he came to the city.9)過去完成時表示在過去某一時間或動作之前已經(jīng)完成的動作By the end of 2002,the factory had produces 200000cars.表示在過去某一時間開始一直延續(xù)到另一個過去的時間的動作The old man had been ill for a long time b

10、efore he died in 2002.注：當(dāng)含有由before, after, as soon as等引導(dǎo)的復(fù)合句中，由于連詞本身可以明確表示動作發(fā)生的順序，故主句和從句一般都用一般過去時I went home after I finished my work.過去完成時常用于no sooner than和hardly, scarcelywhen等句型，從句用一般過去時He had hardly got on the train when the train started out.10)將來完成時表示將來某一時刻或某一行為發(fā)生之前所完成的動作或這一動作仍在持續(xù)常和by或by the t

11、ime等連用By the end of this term, we shall have learned 18 lessons.）現(xiàn)在完成進行時表示從過去某時一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的一個動作It has been snowing since last Sunday.重復(fù)的動作表示感情色彩Shes been saying that twenty times.已結(jié)束的動作所產(chǎn)生的影響You have been cleaning the classroom, I think.）過去完成進行時表示過去某時以前一直進行的一個動作這一動作可能在這一時間前剛結(jié)束或仍在進行.No one knew what this

12、 dad egg had been doing all this years.ExerciseTests from NMET1. -where _ the recorder? I cant see it anywhere. -I _ it right here, but now its gone.A. did you put; have put B. have you put; putC. had you put; have put D. were you putting; have put2. -When _ again? -When he _, Ill let you know.A. he

13、 comes; come B. will he come; will comeC. havent known; are D. will he come; comes3. They asked me to have a drink with them. I said that it was at least ten years since I _ a good drink.A. had enjoyed B. was enjoying C. enjoyed D. had been enjoying4. Come in, Peter. I want to show you something.-Oh

14、, how nice of you! I _ you _ to bring me a gift.A. never think; are going B. never thought; were goingC. didnt think; were going D. had been broken into; stolen5. The police found that the house _ and a lot of things _.A. has broken into; has been stolen B. had broken into; had been stolenC. has bee

15、n broken into; stolen D. had been broken into; stolen6. We could have walked to the station. It was so near. - Yes, taxi _ at all necessary.A. wasnt B. hadnt been C. serves D. served7. If city noises _ from increasing, people _ shout to be heard even at the dinner table 20 years from now.A. are not

16、kept; will have to B. are not kept; have to C. do not keep; will have to D. was slipping; looked 8. The last time I _ Jane she _ cotton in the fields.A. had seen; was picking B. saw; pickedC. had seen; picked D. saw; was picking9. In some parts of the world, tea _ with milk and sugar.A. is serving B

17、. is served C. serves D. served10. The pen I _ I _ is on my desk, right under my nose.A. think; lost B. thought; had lostC. think; had lost D. had they known; got11. Your phone number again? I _ quite catch it.- Its 9568442.A. didnt B. couldnt C. dont D. cant12. Helen _her keys in the office so she

18、had to wait until her husband _home.A. has left; comes B. left; had comeC. had left; came D. had left; would come13. Nobody noticed the thief slip into the house because the lights happened to _.A. be put up B. give in C. be turned on D. go out14. They _ the train until it disappeared in distance.A.

19、 saw B. watched C. noticed D. observed15. - Sorry, Joe. I didnt mean to- Dont call me “Joe”. Im Mr. Parker to you, and _ you forget it!A. do B. didnt C. did D. dont16. News reports say peace talks between the two countries _ with no agreement reached.A. have broken down B. have broken out C. have br

20、oken in D. have broken upKEY:15: BDABD 610:AADBB 1116:ADDBDA Multiple choices:1. I wonder why Jenny _ us recently. We should have hears from her by now.A. hasnt written B. doesnt write C. wont write D. hadnt written2. Mary _ a dress when she cut her finger.A. made B. is making C. was making D. makes

21、3. On Saturday afternoon, Mrs. Green went to the market,_ some bananas anf visited her cousin.A. bought B. Buying C. to buy D. buy4. The volleyball match will be put off if it _.A. will rain B. Rains C. rained D. is raining5. -We havent heard of Jane for a long a time. -What do you suppose _to her?A

22、. was happening B. to happen C. has happened D. having happened6. -Do you know our town at all? -No, its the first time I _ here.A. was B. have been C. came D. am coming7. - You havent said a word about my new coat, do you like it? - Im sorry, I _ anything about it sooner. I certainly think its pret

23、ty on you.A. wasnt saying B. dont say C. wont say D. didnt say8. We were all surprised when he made it clear that he _ officer soon.A. leave B. would leave C. left D. had left9. I _ pingpong quite well, but I havent had time to play since the new year.A. will play B. have played C. played D. play10.

24、 He will have learned English for eight year by the time he _from the university next year.A. will graduate B. will have graduatedC. graduates D. is to graduate11. Tom _ back from France. Yesterday he _ about it.A. just comes; told B. has just come; told meC. came just; was told me D. just has come;

25、 was telling12. He said, “_ much sand in the south of France.”A. There arent B. It isntC. It wasnt D. There isnt13. You shall have some ice-cream when you _ you dinner.A. finished B. finishC. will finish D. will be finished14. Thomas could fix your car. That _ you quite a lot of money.A. saved B. ha

26、s savedC. would save D. was saving15. “Come back at 5 oclock,” he said, “Ive already _.”A. will be done B. has been doneC. is being done D. was being done16. Maria hasnt visited her home in Spain _.A. for many years B. since many yearsC. many years since D. many years ago17. When _ the car, youll ag

27、ree with me about it.A. you saw B. youve seenC. you would see D. has been seen18. By next Saturday Tom _ a whole month without smoking a cigar.A. will go B. will have gone C. has gone D. has been going19. By the time he reached the dentist, the pain in his tooth _.A. stopped B. had stoppedC. Has sto

28、pped D. as been stopped20. The old man _ for three days when his son got back home.A. has been dead B. had been dead C. died D. had diedKEY:15: ACABC 610:BDBDC 1115:BDBCA 1620:ABBBBFill in the blanks:1. Much of the carbon in the earth _ (come) from things that once lived. 2. In the past two decades, research _ (expand) our knowledge about sleep and dream.3. Some proverbs _ (be) in the language for 1,000 years, for example, A friend in need is a friend indeed.4. _ (stand) at the gate was a young man in green coat.5. In 1991, afte