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1、中華英語學(xué)習(xí)網(wǎng)官方總站:圣才學(xué)習(xí)網(wǎng)www.I語法結(jié)構(gòu)1.考試大綱對詞語用法和語法結(jié)構(gòu)的要求詞語用法和語法結(jié)構(gòu),共30題,考試時間25分鐘。題目中50%為詞和短語的用 法,50%為語法結(jié)構(gòu)。要求考生從每題四個選項(xiàng)中選出一個最佳答案。X詞語用法和語法結(jié)構(gòu)部分主要考核學(xué)生運(yùn)用詞匯、短語及語法結(jié)構(gòu)的能力。憨 范圍包括全日制文理科本科教學(xué)大綱中詞匯表及語法結(jié)構(gòu)表一至三級的主要內(nèi)建/“2.概說2乂3總話,它將體現(xiàn)在所有五個題型中。但 照謂語非謂語動詞,以及各種句法重新詞語用法和語法結(jié)構(gòu)是英語學(xué)習(xí)的基礎(chǔ)。英語學(xué)習(xí)重隹積熱特別是詞匯的掌握。 三級考試對詞匯的考察知識點(diǎn)比較零散,有鑒于此,我詭爲(wèi)后編有專門的詞匯
2、附錄, 按照記憶群組同義辨析的順序編排,希望讀者能夠堅(jiān)持曾夭閱讀、記憶、掌握。日積 月累.單詞量一定大有提高。但詞匯專題將在第六一詳述,本章節(jié)將側(cè)重語法結(jié)構(gòu) 方面。語法是三級英語統(tǒng)考的一個重點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)相對集中,脈絡(luò)也比較清晰。對語法部分作了梳理。英語中共有四種基本句單句,并列句,復(fù)合句,并列復(fù)合句。簡單句是并列復(fù)合 彼此地$指包含一個主謂結(jié)構(gòu)的句子宀衣體上又可分為五類:主語+動詞(S+V);主語+系動詞 +表語(S+V+P);主佛韌詞f+賓語(S+V+0);主語+動詞+間接賓語+直接賓語 (S+V+0. IP. D);豐富宓J+賓語+補(bǔ)語(S+V+OC)。并列句則是由兩個或更多獨(dú)立的 'c
3、在一起;復(fù)合句是指一個句子中由一個或多個從句擔(dān)任成分。U句和復(fù)合句組合起來的句子,即包含兩個或兩個以上獨(dú)立的, 狀句。我們在本章將對各種從句及相關(guān)句型結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行詳解。旬型劃分中我們可以看到謂語的重要性,事實(shí)上謂語動詞正是英語句子的 、謂語動詞及非謂語動詞也是歷年考試的重點(diǎn)。因此我們也將單獨(dú)講解相關(guān)耙點(diǎn)。本章我們將從以下幾個方面強(qiáng)化語法知識:第一節(jié) 第二節(jié) 第三節(jié) 第四節(jié) 第五節(jié) 第六節(jié)謂語動詞 非謂語動詞 各種從句 強(qiáng)調(diào)句型 倒裝結(jié)構(gòu) 反意疑問句每節(jié)結(jié)束后我們會配以一定數(shù)量的練習(xí),幫助讀者更好地拿握該部分內(nèi)容。3語法知識與真題解析一 謂語動詞在這部分我們將對時態(tài),語態(tài),語氣,情態(tài)動詞,以及主謂一
4、致這些知識點(diǎn) 分別進(jìn)行詳細(xì)講解。1.1動詞的時態(tài)16種英語的動詞時態(tài)。O共有現(xiàn)在過去將來1. 一般現(xiàn)在時5. 一般過去時9. 一般將來時線斑過去將來時2.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時6.過去進(jìn)行時0將來進(jìn)行嚴(yán)紅、訐4過去將來進(jìn)行時3.現(xiàn)在完成時7.過去完成時11.將來鈿洌15過去將來完成時4.現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時&過去完成進(jìn)行時卿癖成進(jìn)行時16過去將來完成進(jìn)行時這部分常考知識點(diǎn)有:1)條件,時間,讓步狀jf i般過去吋,叭孫完威L“主將從現(xiàn)”可過去完成吋的區(qū)別2)3)時將來完成海常發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài):常和always, usually, often, sometimes, ery week等時間狀語連用。
5、lie goes to work every day.他每天去上班。、表示普遍的真理。由于是眾所周知的客觀事實(shí),所以一般不用時間狀語。 例:The earth is round地球是圓的。3、有些表示心理狀態(tài)或感情的動詞往往用般現(xiàn)在時。 例:I don't think you are right我以為你錯 了。4、在時間、條件狀語從句中表示將來的動作,遵循“主將從現(xiàn)”的原則。常用的 連詞有as soon as, when, until, if, unlesso我們在此引用三道真題。例 (1) ,FWhen are you going to visit your uncle in Chi
6、cago?""As soon asour work for tomorrow/'4中華英語學(xué)習(xí)網(wǎng)官方總站:圣才學(xué)習(xí)網(wǎng)www.I5中華英語學(xué)習(xí)網(wǎng)官方總站:圣才學(xué)習(xí)網(wǎng)www.IA. we're completeB. we'd completeC. well completeD. we complete(【答案】D) (2003年11月34題)仞J (2) They will go home for winter vocation as soon as theytheir exams.A. have finishedfinishC finishedD wa
7、s finishing(【答案】B) (1996年22題)例 (3) When the mixture, it will give off a powerful force.A. will heatB. will be heated C. is heatedD. has heated(【答案】C) (1992年59題)(二)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時K表示此時此刻(說話時)正在進(jìn)行的動作。x例:The teacher is talking with his students.老師正在與學(xué)生們談與、 2、表示現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動作。例:I am attending a conference in New Yor
8、k.功口卄個會議。(三).現(xiàn)在完成時詞連用);或表示動作的結(jié)果1、表示動作剛剛結(jié)束(常和just, now, already(一般不用時間狀語)。例(1) Li Ming has just turned off the li上了。)例(2)1 have lost my pen.。(說明過去某時丟的,現(xiàn)在我還沒有找到這支筆。)O (說明現(xiàn)在燈已經(jīng)關(guān)2.表示過去某時開工 引導(dǎo)的短語或從句,直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并且可能會繼續(xù)延續(xù)下去(當(dāng)用since /引導(dǎo)的短語連用)。例 (1) He has $ / the army for ten years and is now an officer.B. joine
9、d inC. been inD come into49 題)廠現(xiàn)為軍官。(現(xiàn)在還在軍中。)Theyve known each other since childhood.他們從小認(rèn)識。(現(xiàn)在還繼續(xù)來A. gone int&、非延續(xù)性動詞和it is+時間+since,.(過去時)英語中有些動詞不能延續(xù),因此不能和表示延續(xù)的時間狀語連用(如for ten years)o 下題是非常典型的例子。例(1) It is ten years since he left home and joined the army.他入伍離鄉(xiāng)己十年。 對非延續(xù)性動詞,表達(dá)完成時態(tài)時常用itis+時間+sinc
10、e .的句型代替,從句用過 去時態(tài)。4x have (has) been to 和 have (has) gone to 的區(qū)別have (has ) been to:去過某地(表示某人的一種經(jīng)歷),可以和once, twice, often, never, ever 連用。6中華英語學(xué)習(xí)網(wǎng)官方總站:圣才學(xué)習(xí)網(wǎng)www.Ihave (has) gone to:去某地了(表示某人已經(jīng)離開此地,在去某地的路途上或已 在某地,所以一般來說此句型只用于第三人稱),此句型不能與上述時間狀語連用。(1)He has gone to America.他已經(jīng)去了美國。(現(xiàn)在不在此地)(2)He has been
11、 to ;merica twice.他(曾經(jīng))去過美國兩次。(四)、現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時表示從過去某時一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的一個動作,這個動作一般會繼續(xù)延續(xù)下去,或 是到說話時結(jié)束,但是強(qiáng)調(diào)到說話時為止一直在做的動作。on the door for ten minutes now without an answer.例(1) IA. was knockingB. am knocking C knocking(【答案】D) (1998年49題)now 一詞表示敲門動作持續(xù)進(jìn)行一直到現(xiàn)在。例(2) Since he left the university, he A. has been working C h
12、ad been working(【答案】A) (2006年4月16題)in anaccounting co B. had wo妙 D. wasD. have been knockiiS-cP27中華英語學(xué)習(xí)網(wǎng)官方總站:圣才學(xué)習(xí)網(wǎng)www.I#中華英語學(xué)習(xí)網(wǎng)官方總站:圣才學(xué)習(xí)網(wǎng)www.I(五人一般過去時:now, last year,asses this term .Youtwo classes just lastC. had missed D. have missed2、 used 例:11我過表示自大學(xué)畢業(yè)起一直在會計(jì)公司工作。1、表示過去的動作或狀態(tài): when I was 18 years
13、 old 等。仞I : YouVe already missed week.A. missed(【答案】A)過去常常做 a walk in the morning.耳晨散步。(意味著現(xiàn)在不在早晨散步了。)在完成時和一般過去時的區(qū)別:一般過去時主要表示過去某個時間發(fā)生或完成的動作或存在過的狀態(tài)。這種動 作或狀態(tài)與現(xiàn)在沒有任何聯(lián)系。它只是表示過去發(fā)生過(或已完成),過去存在過。 句中往往有明確的表示過去的時間狀語。如:just now, last year, when I was 10 years old 等。現(xiàn)在完成時則是由現(xiàn)在回顧過去的一種時態(tài)式,注意的是“是否曾經(jīng)有過這么 一回事,該事完成后
14、遺留下來的影響或結(jié)果”。絕對不能使用指定過去某一時點(diǎn)的時間狀語。常與下列副詞連用:already, recently, yet, before, just, ever, never, since, so far, in (over, during) the past few years等。上面舉的例子就能很好的體現(xiàn)這一區(qū)別。(六)、過去進(jìn)行時1、表示在過去某一段時間正在進(jìn)行的動作。常需用表示過去的時間狀語或通過上 下丈來判斷時間。例:He was doing his homework from seven to nine last night昨天晩上七點(diǎn)到九點(diǎn)他正在做作業(yè)。2、when和whi
15、le的用法區(qū)別when表示一個特定時間點(diǎn),其所引導(dǎo)的句子用過去時,while表示持續(xù)的一段時 間,其所引導(dǎo)的句子用過去進(jìn)行時。D. played例(1) I fell and hurt myself while Itennis.A. was playingB. am playingC. play(【答案】A) (1998年43題)例 (2) When youthis over with her, you should not see herA. talkB. talkedC. will talk D.艸必廚(【答案】B) (1999年35題)*例(3) One of the guardswhe
16、n the general came inhich made him very angry.A. has sleptB. were sleeping C. D. was sleeping(【答案】D) (1996年23題)“3、過去進(jìn)行時表示過去將來的動作?,F(xiàn)隹進(jìn)行時可以表示將來的動作.同樣,過 去進(jìn)行時也可以表示從過去某時間看將來娶嚳南動作,地了。仞J : He went to see Xiao Li. He was 1 曲帚g early the next morning.他去看小李。他第二天一早(七)、過去完成時1、表示在過去或動作之前己經(jīng)完成了的動作(即過去的過去。這個before A
17、.過去的某一時間可用皈'曲bre等介詞或連詞引導(dǎo)的短語或一個從句來表示。例(1) Whet to visit Mrs. Smith last week, I was told shetwo daysB. was leaving C. would leave D. had left 】D) (2003年11月40題)(2) About the sixth century A.D. when few Europeans could read, the ChineseB. had inventedD. had been inventedA. inventedC. have invented(
18、【答案】B) (1997年35題)2、表示從過去某一時間開始,一直持續(xù)到另一個過去的時間的動作。 例:The chemistry classfor five minutes when we hurried there.A. had been onB. was onC. has been onD. would be on(【答案】A) (1995年24題)3、在含有before, after, as soon as等連詞引導(dǎo)的狀語從句的復(fù)合句中,由于連詞本 身可以明確表示動作發(fā)生的先后順序,因此,主句和從句都可以用一般過去時表示, 而不用過去完成時。例:1 called him as soon
19、as 1 arrived.我剛一到就給他打電話。4、過去完成時常用在 no sooner .than., hardly/scarcely/barely.when.,. 就。句型之中,句子倒裝。仞J (1) No sooner had we sat downwe found it was time to go.A. thanB. whenC. asD. while(【答案】A) (1997年50題)仞I (2) Scarcely had he opened the door when a gust of wind blew the candle 他剛打開門,蠟燭就被一陣風(fēng)吹滅了。一般過去時和過去
20、完成時的區(qū)別:兩者都表示過去的動作,但一般過去時表示相對于現(xiàn)在峨第揚(yáng),而過去完成 時則表示相對于過去某一時刻的過去,即過去的過去。過去看鎖'做過的事,應(yīng)該用過 完成時單獨(dú)使用時要用去時。過去完成時一般表示兩個過去的動作的一先一: by的時間狀語表示(到時候?yàn)橹梗?。如:I finished the work yesterday.They had fulfilled their task by the end of laear.©(八)、一般將來時來的動作或狀態(tài)。 會來幫助你的。1、will ( shall) + 原形動詞:、 例:He will come and例:Are yo
21、u g6jn2、be going to +表示馬上就要發(fā)生的事情或打算好要做的事。 to*Attend the lecture?你打算去聽這個講座嗎?3、be t例:節(jié)饞x 4.>be'about to +動詞原形:表示即將發(fā)生的動作。 例:The lecture is about to begin.講座即將開始。矣表示安排或計(jì)劃好了的動作。®Ring Road is to be open to traffic before National Day.五環(huán)路將在國慶注意:5、某些表示開始、終結(jié).往來行動的動詞如:go .come, start, arrive, leav
22、e等的現(xiàn) 在進(jìn)行時可表示將來。(1)We are leaving for Beijing tomorrow.我們明天動身去北京。(2)The foreign guests are arriving in Shanghai tonight.外賓今晚到達(dá)上海。(九).將來完成時表示在將來某一時間以前完成的動作。這是近兩年來考試的重點(diǎn)。其句型的基本 結(jié)構(gòu)就是will have done。我們下面通過幾道真題來講解這一語法點(diǎn)。W (1) By next year hein New York for five years.A. has workedB has been workingC worksD w
23、ill have worked(【答案】D) (2004年11月30題)。補(bǔ)充:如果句子中有by引導(dǎo)的時間狀語,句子需要用完成時;by后跟的是將來的 時間,句子需要用將來完成時,表示將來某時之前已經(jīng)完成的動作。如,By next Friday, he will have studied here for three years.到下周五,他在這里學(xué)習(xí)就要滿三年了。本句的意思是:到明年為止,他在紐約已經(jīng)工作了五年了。例 (2) By the end of next year theytogether for twenty years.A. will have worked B. had work
24、ed C. would work D. have worked J 汁 (【答案】A) (2001年48題)。V本句的意思是:到明年年底為止,他們己經(jīng)一起工作了二十年。例J (3) Iwriting the article by the time you get back.A. shall finishB. must have finished "C. have finishedD. shall have fihishbd本句的意思是:到你回來的時候,我會完成(十)、將來完成進(jìn)行時(【答案】D) (2000年24題)句型結(jié)構(gòu)為 will have been doing.g,for t
25、wo hours.B. I will have teen studiedD. I will have been studying 孔年仃月41題)。這一語言點(diǎn)在最近的考試中也 仞J : By the time you arrive this A. I will studyC. I had studied(【答案】D)練習(xí).was walking本句的意思龜'貴到今晚你來的時候,我們就己經(jīng)學(xué)習(xí)了兩個小時了。”in the garden when it began to rain.D. had walkedB. walkedC. walking2. Englishin a new way
26、at my college in the past few years.A. has been teachingB. was being taughtC. has been taughtD. had been taught3. Smith is to study medicine as soon as hemilitary service.A. will finishB. has finished C. finish D. would finish4. Please be sure to telephone me the next time you.A. will comeB. would c
27、ome C. shall come D. come5. When I got to the top of the mountain, the sunA. shoneB. shinesC. has shone D. was shining6. Return the book immediately to the library as soon as youwith it.A. finishB. are finishedC. have finishedD. are finishing7. 一How are you feeling?I have been feeling better sinceA.
28、 the doctor has come B the doctor will come C. the doctor had come D. the doctorcame8. The chemistry classfor five minutes when we hurried there.A. had been onB. was on C. has been onD. would be on9. By the time Juan gets home, he aunt.A. will leaveB. leavesC. will have leftD. is leaving10. You'
29、ve already missed too many classes this term. Yo week.A. missedtwo classes just lastB. would miss C.D. have missed11. One of the guardswhen the general came in, which made him very angry.A. has sleptB. were sleeping- sleptD. was sleeping12. Dr. Robert went to New York,賽)白綁 some books and.A. visiting
30、 his daughter x B. to visit his daughterc13. Iwriting品gfapidk by the time you get backA. shall finish /B. must have finished八一 /14.pted."Is there anything wrong?''C have finishD. shall have finished.on the door. It is the second time someone me this evening.B. has interrupted C. would i
31、nterrupt D. interrupt"No, so far Ino trouble.A. have hadB. hadC. haveD. had had16. No one can be sure if the car on display fits him or her until he or shethem.A. triesB. will tryC. are tryingD has tried答案與解析1. 句意為:下雨時,瑪麗正在花園里散步?!吧⒉健边@個持續(xù)動作是“開始下雨”這個瞬間動作發(fā)生的背景。應(yīng)該用過去進(jìn)行時。選A。2. 和m the past fbw years時
32、間狀語連用的是現(xiàn)在完成時,而且英語是“被教”應(yīng) 該用被動語態(tài),所以選Co全句意為:在過去的幾年里,在我的大學(xué),老師用新的方 法教英語。3. as soon as +現(xiàn)在完成時表示將來完成。選B。句意為:史密斯服完兵役后要學(xué) 醫(yī)。4. next time在這里引導(dǎo)一個時間狀語從句,表示“下次你來的時候”。選D。5. 句意為:當(dāng)我到達(dá)山頂時,陽光燦爛?!瓣柟鉅N爛”是持續(xù)動作,作為一 景.應(yīng)該用過去進(jìn)行時。選D。6. as soon as +現(xiàn)在完成時表示將來完成時。選Co句意為:你讀完 即把它還給圖書館。7. since的用法:主句用現(xiàn)在完成時,從句則用一般過去時。8. 句意為:我們趕到的時候,化
33、學(xué)課已經(jīng)開始五分鐘氏、弄始五分鐘”應(yīng)該在“趕到那”動作之前,也就是過去的過去,應(yīng)該用過,選A。10. last week是過去的時間狀?般過去時o選A。選D。9. 句意為:娟到家時,她的阿姨已經(jīng)走了。 恫狀語從句by the time Juan gets home (gets 般現(xiàn)在時)可以看出,“娟到家”應(yīng)該建發(fā)生在將來的動作,而且是她到 的時候,她的阿姨應(yīng)該己經(jīng)走了,所以要甩嘯完成時選C。士兵正在睡覺,這讓將軍非常生氣。“睡覺”11. 句意為將軍進(jìn)來的悔 為持續(xù)性動作,要用過去i佃 /12. went, bought和SsitcG應(yīng)該是并列謂語。選D。該是發(fā)生在 選D。等。13.從時間2句
34、by the time you get back用一般現(xiàn)在時能看出,"你回來”應(yīng) o到那時,“我將已經(jīng)寫完這篇文章了”,應(yīng)該用將來完成時,此題考查it is+第幾次that +現(xiàn)在完成時,表示第幾次做某事,故選has5. 選A。so far用于現(xiàn)在完成時,表示至今為止.同樣用法的還有up until now16.句意為:只有試了之后才知道展會上的車是不是適合他。選D。1.2被動語態(tài)基本形式:態(tài)時間-般進(jìn)行完成現(xiàn)在be donebe being donehave been done過去was/wcrc donewas/were being donehad been done將來will
35、 be donewill be being donewill have been done一、謂語動詞的被動:基本形式見上面表格.多結(jié)合時態(tài)來考察when we arrived at the airport)oing C had just k unloaded例(1) : The goodsA. were just unloading unloaded(【答案】D) (2006年4月22題). 例 (2) Hewhen the bus came to a suA. was almost hurtC. was almost hurt himself(【答案】A) (2005年4B. were j
36、ust been unD. were ji£t"ben“ _ suckjcn stop.a 各 B was almost to hurt himself f D. was almost hurting himself二、情態(tài)動詞的被勞盂:"情態(tài)動詞+be+過去分詞。例 C1) I can't nd th/reorder in the room Itby somebodyA. must have萼砂B. may have takenC. may 咖 eiiakenD. should have been taken(2003 年 11 月 22 題)口識點(diǎn)比較
37、綜合。首先是被動語態(tài),錄音機(jī)被人拿走了。另外還態(tài)動詞加完成式表示對過去事件的推測。感官動詞及使役動詞(如:see, feeL hear, watch, make, bid)在主動語態(tài) 中用無to不定式做賓補(bǔ),改為被動語態(tài)時不定式前要加to??荚囍攸c(diǎn):謂語動詞的被動,情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài);感官動詞和使役動詞的 語態(tài);用主動表示被動的含義。C .17中華英語學(xué)習(xí)網(wǎng)官方總站:圣才學(xué)習(xí)網(wǎng)www.I#中華英語學(xué)習(xí)網(wǎng)官方總站:圣才學(xué)習(xí)網(wǎng)www.Ithese letters again.例 (1) Because of many mistakes, she was madeA. type B. to typi
38、ng C. typed D. to type(【答案】D) (2006年11月22題)本句的意思是:因?yàn)殄e誤太多,她又把字重新打了一遍。例 (2) Henry is often seenEnglish aloud every morning in the classroom.A. readB. readsC readingD to read(【答案】D) (2004年11月31題)四、用主動表示被動的含義。1. need/require +doing sth ( =to be done)(此句型蘭語大多為物)。 例 (1) It is hot and dry; the flowers need
39、.A. being watered B. be watered C. to water D to be watered (【答案】D) (2006年11月23題)本句的意思是:天氣又熱又干燥,花需要澆水。例(2): My room is a mess. It needsA. to be tidying up B. tidying up(【答案】B) (2000年47題)C. to tidy upD. tidied up本句的意思是:我的房間很亂,需要收拾。2. sell wash, read, write, run等動詞帶狀語修飾時。例:This kind of clothes sells w
40、ell.這種衣服賣得很好。 The pen writes smoothly.這只筆書寫順利。3. 主語 +sound(feel, look, smell, taste)+ 形容詞。例:The dishterrible! I don,t like it at all.A. tastesB. tasted C will taste(【答案】A) (2005年11月19題)本句的意思是:這盤菜太難吃了1. The middle-aged man w murder.A. came歡。1.2配套練習(xí)out of the house on the afternoon of thecomeC. to com
41、e D. have come2. This kind of lagganuiactured by experienced craftsmen A. is wc總/,B. wearingteaching method rdo away withcomfortably.C. wears D. arc worn3. This oB. must have done away with D. must be done away withduring the night and a large number of housesto ashes.沁g/miist being done away witha4
42、.汶A. broke out were burntB. was broke out, were burntC. broke out, burntD. set out, were burned5. Englishin Australia.A. speaks B. are spoken C is speaking D. is spoken6 A new houseat the comer of the roadA. is building B is being built C. been built D. be building7. His new booknext month.A. will b
43、e published D. is publishing C. is being published D. has been published & the watch been repaired yet? I badly need it.A. Does B. Has C. Is D. Are9. The flowersoften.A. must be water B must be watered C must watered D must water10. The potforhot water.A. used; keeping B. was used; keeping C. is
44、 used; to keep D. are used; keep11. How dirty the tables are! They need.A. to clean B. clean C. cleaning D. cleaned12. Newlyborn babiesin hospital.A. are taken good care B. are taken good care of C. lake good care of D. take good care13. The applevery sweet.A. is tasted B. taste C. tastes D. are tas
45、ting14. -What do you think of the TV play?-Wonderful. It is wortha second time.A. watching B watched C seen D. seeing15. A photoeach time that buttonA. has taken. has pushedC. is taken . will be pushed答案與解析B. has been taken .hasD. is taken . is pushed:1. see sb do sth.主動語態(tài)不帯to-腐成被動語態(tài)一定要加to,選Co2. 選C。
46、此處的wear與或碰逑11等詞一樣,表示“起來怎么樣”時,用主動形式表示被動,此句意 亠由熟練技工生產(chǎn)的眼鏡戴起來很舒服。3. do away with 為錮: 的教學(xué)方法必須4法,應(yīng)選D。r5eak out4.答 動語彳豆語,意思是“消除,廢除”。題意是說“這種過時 此題考察情態(tài)動詞和含介詞的短語變被動語態(tài)時的用不能用被動語態(tài),因此B不對,房子被燒成灰燼是被 前后時態(tài)要一致,此處都是過去時。選'D。英語是被講的,speak 一詞用于講某種語言的話,為及物動詞,故 O本句意思是:在澳大利亞講英語。6.選B。此處考察被動語態(tài)的現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時,為be+ being doneo其他選項(xiàng)都不7.選
47、A。由題中的next month推斷,此處考察被動語態(tài)的將來時,結(jié)構(gòu)為willbe doneo&選B。根據(jù)后面的been 詞可以推斷此處是完成時用法,故用have/has, 所以選B。9. 選B。此處考查情態(tài)動詞后的被動式。應(yīng)為must+be done,故選B.本句意 思是:花必須經(jīng)常澆。10. 選B。be used for為:被用做,fbr為介詞,故后面要加動名詞。本句意 思是:這壺是用來盛熱水的。11. 選 C。need doing= need to be done,為主動表被動。12. 動詞短語變被動,只需將主要動詞變被動,其他成分放于后面即可。這里 新生兒是被照顧的,故用被動,
48、選B.13. Look, sound, taste, smell, feel等感官動詞,不用被動形式,故選C.14. Worth后加主動形式的動名詞,但表被動意思。另外看電視劇用watch,故 選A。本句意思是:這部電視劇很棒,值得再看一遍。15. 選D。根據(jù)意思應(yīng)當(dāng)是:每一次按那個按鈕,就能照一張相。此處相片和 按鈕都是動作的賓語,故用被動語態(tài)。而each time引導(dǎo)的時間狀語中,遵循主將從現(xiàn)原則.故選D。1.3虛擬語氣”、“如 相應(yīng)的變化。虛擬語氣是英語三級考試的必考知識點(diǎn)之一,語法現(xiàn)象。在漢語里表示假設(shè)虛擬的情況常用一些虛詞來表示, 果”等等:而英文中表示虛擬的情況不但有虛詞的提示,謂
49、語為虛擬語氣的基本作用是:1.表達(dá)假設(shè)的情況,與事實(shí)相反;2.表達(dá)異想天開很難實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望:3.本節(jié)重在講解if引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件句,: should+動詞原形的用法。虛擬(條件)語氣一、虛擬語氣的基本形式和1 牛句,特殊結(jié)構(gòu)中的虛擬語氣,以及假設(shè)類型條件從句謂語動詞形式主句謂語動詞形式與現(xiàn)在事須殘sI件動詞的過去式(be用were而不用was)would (第一人稱可用should) + 動詞原形I件had+ed分詞would (第一人稱可用should)+have+-ed 分詞冷詒來事實(shí)可能相反IfVwere to+動詞原形或I件should+動詞原形would (第一人稱可用should) +
50、 動詞原形從句中謂語動詞的形式可分為下面三類:面我們列舉近年的真題來強(qiáng)化記憶。表達(dá)建議、命令、勸告等語氣。例 (1) Mary said to me, "Had I seen your bag, Iit to you/A. will return B. must return C. could return D. would have returned(【答案】D) (2004年4月45題)仞 J (2) I would ask George to lend us the money if Ihim.A. had known B. have known C. knewD. know(
51、【答案】C) (1995年38題)僅 ij (3) If Bob with us; he would have had a gooc time.A. would comeC had comeB. would have comeD. came(【答案】C) (1995年59題)二、省略if的虛擬形式在虛擬條件句中,如謂語包含we© had, should等詞,則可以把這些詞放到主語前面,省略if。例 (1) the advice of his friends, he would not have suftered such a heavyloss in his business.(【答
52、案】D) (2004年4月32題)(【答案】B) (1996年39題).夸三、含蓄條件句紀(jì)有時一個假設(shè)的情況不呢盹贏示,而用其它方式來表示,這樣的句子叫含 蓄條件句。常用with, with匕it Yor。(【答案】B) (2003年4月28題)例 (1) Without heat aid sunlight, plants on the earthwell.四、特殊詞或結(jié)構(gòu)中的虛擬語氣:以wish (that)引導(dǎo)的表示愿望"的賓語從句Wish后的賓語從句中要用虛擬語氣,而在虛擬語氣中時態(tài)的應(yīng)用類似在非真實(shí)條 件中從句時態(tài)的應(yīng)用。表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼脑竿茫褐髡Z+wish +從句(主語+
53、過去時); 表示一個過去沒有實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望用:主語+ wish+從句(主語+過去完成時);例 (1)1 dicing go to the party, but I do wish Ithere.A. wereB. would beC. had beenD. will be(【答案】C) (2001年53題)仞J (2) Peter wishes that helaw instead of literature when he was in college.A. could study B. studiedC. had studied D. would study(【答案】C) (2000年53題)
54、if only +句子(過去時/過去完成時)“要是就好了”If only后面的句子如果是對現(xiàn)在或?qū)砬闆r的虛擬,用過去時did ;老界宴如過 去情況的虛擬,用過去完成時had done .要注意與if區(qū)別,if只表示假如果”, 用夏實(shí)語氣;而if only表示不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的情況,用虛擬語氣。If only I were rich.要是我富有就好了。(對琶肖擬) 表示寧愿、寧可的意愿,語氣比較婉轉(zhuǎn)。屈;式。 例(1 )1 am too busy these days. I woulA. comeC. came(【答案】C) would rather4-句子(過去時)例(2) EdA. rather(【答案】(2002idler all of younext month for a dinner.B. would come.have comef /yAlidit tGuch that, if you don't n:ind.手多姿tterC. happierD. furtherZ年 45 題)it i多秒號),it is high time (that)句型中,謂語動詞用過去時,表示早該做而未竿矗臀金思是該了、早該
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