二模東西海朝閱讀cd篇教師版

1、2015北京四區(qū)二模CD篇閱讀READING HD（一）CWhile you may think that being smart and talented would logically make someone successful in running a business, unfortunately, this is often not the case. The problem starts back in school when the stressful “group projects” are first assigned. The smartest dont want to

2、 risk their grade in the class by dividing the work equally and hoping that an average student does his part well. They just take over and do the whole project themselves.And thus begins the smart-people work cycle. The smartest people do just about everything better than most everyone else until it

3、 comes to running a business. They are not better; they are screwed. A smart person who cant stand someone else doing a job badly does everything himself. Then, he is stuck with the one-man band “job-business” and ends up not being able to grow. However, it is quite interesting and strange that some

4、 slackers are better suited to be a business leader than the “smart” people. They figured out early on to surround themselves with smart people who would do the work that they themselves dont want to do.Smart and talented people often have a gift for the unusual, complicated or different. They dont

5、like to follow the KISS principle (keep it simple, stupid), which is required to make a business succeed. Maybe you think the global presence of McDonalds complex, but in reality, in the company, every single task is broken down into easy-to-follow steps and everything has been standardized. These s

6、uccessful businesses have just a few smart enough people to run the majority of the tasks in a way that cant be screwed up by their average employees. So, being smart or talented isnt going to help you unless you can use those smarts to figure out a way to simplify those tasks that will make a busin

7、ess successful. Another issue with the smart people starting businesses is that they often have the most to lose. The smarter you are, the more options you have available to you. You will be able to make a lot of money in a various fields and have room in your career to become promoted. This means t

8、hat when you start a business, you have a lot more to risk than those who are not equally smart. This is often referred to as the “golden handcuffs” dilemma. So, dont be surprised when the person “Most Likely to Succeed” from high school ends up as an employee and it is one average student that find

9、s success in his or her own business.63.In group work, smart students often take over the whole project because they believe _.A. the work is not divided equallyB. they can perform better than othersC. the group projects are too stressfulD. average students are unwilling to participate64.McDonalds i

10、s used as an example to prove that _.A. a business calls for smart peoples talentB. average employees can perform complex tasksC. smart people are important for a successful businessD. simplified tasks are required for the success of a business65.The underlined expression in Paragraph 5 refers to th

11、e situation where smart people _. A. have fewer options in a companyB. risk more when starting businessC. are unwilling to put money to a businessD. can have a good income in many different fields66.What is the best title for the passage?A. Potentials for SuccessB. Bases for BusinessC. The Ordinary

12、Achieve Bigger Success?D. Talent Means Successful Business?（二）【詞匯掃描】talent n.人才、天賦stressful adj.有壓力的assign v.分配、交給take over 接收、接管screw n.螺絲釘、旋、擰slacker n.懶漢、逃兵役的人 complicated adj. 復(fù)雜的、混亂的average adj.平均的、普通的 n. 均數(shù)、平均數(shù)simplify v.簡化、單純化issue n. 問題、期號 v. 發(fā)行、發(fā)布available adj.有用的、有效的（三）【長難句分析】The smartest

13、dont want to risk their grade in the class by dividing the work equally and hoping that an average student does his part well.解析：and并列句 that賓語從句翻譯：聰明的孩子并不想平分工作的方式使他們的分?jǐn)?shù)受到威脅，也不想水平一般的學(xué)生成為他們團隊的一部分。These successful businesses have just a few smart enough people to run the majority of the tasks in a way

14、that cant be screwed up by their average employees.解析：that引導(dǎo)定語從句翻譯：這些成功的商人只是讓一小部分非常聰明的人來操作工作的主體部分，以一種不被普通的職員攪亂的方式。So, dont be surprised when the person “Most Likely to Succeed” from high school ends up as an employee and it is one average student that finds success in his or her own business.解析：when

15、引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句 that引導(dǎo)定語從句翻譯：所以，不要驚訝于那些來自名校似乎能夠成功的人，最后成為了職員，而那些很普通的學(xué)生最后卻取得了自己事業(yè)的成功。（四）【重點段落大意歸納】Paragragh1：聰明才智并不決定一個人的成功。Paragragh2: 問題回歸到學(xué)校時候的任務(wù)分配。Paragragh3: 聰明的人工作方式Paragragh4: 聰明人和事業(yè)成功的關(guān)系Paragragh5: 聰明人經(jīng)營上的缺點Paragragh6: 結(jié)論，聰明人成為普通職員也很正常（五）【選項分析】63.In group work, smart students often take over the whol

16、e project because they believe _.A. the work is not divided equallyB. they can perform better than othersC. the group projects are too stressfulD. average students are unwilling to participate【標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案】B【試題分析】“group projects”定位到第二段.通過The smartest dont want to risk their grade in the class by dividing th

17、e work equally中的詞risk可以推出?！靖呖伎键c】細(xì)節(jié)題【錯誤選項】A.相反語義 dividing the work equally C. 無中生有 文中并未提到 D. 借題發(fā)揮：文中提到average student，沒有提到unwill這個意思。64.McDonalds is used as an example to prove that _.A. a business calls for smart peoples talentB. average employees can perform complex tasksC. smart people are importa

18、nt for a successful businessD. simplified tasks are required for the success of a business【標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案】D【試題分析】McDonald 定位到第四段，but in reality, in the company, every single task is broken down into easy-to-follow steps and everything has been standardized.中but可以推出考點答案?！靖呖伎键c】細(xì)節(jié)題【錯誤選項】A.相反語義 與段意相反B. 張冠李戴： 文章并沒

19、有給出這個信息。 C. 無中生有 與段意相反65.The underlined expression in Paragraph 5 refers to the situation where smart people _. A. have fewer options in a companyB. risk more when starting businessC. are unwilling to put money to a businessD. can have a good income in many different fields【標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案】B【試題分析】第五段you start

20、a business, you have a lot more to risk than those可以推出?！靖呖伎键c】細(xì)節(jié)題【錯誤選項】A.相反語義 原句子是he smarter you are, the more options you have available to you. C. 無中生有 文中并未提到 D. 過度推斷 原句子是you will be able to make a lot of money in a various fields and have room in your career to become promoted.66.What is the best

21、title for the passage?A. Potentials for SuccessB. Bases for BusinessC. The Ordinary Achieve Bigger Success?D. Talent Means Successful Business?【標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案】D【試題分析】主旨題，可以通過最后一段的語氣進行推斷。也可以通過選項關(guān)鍵詞和文中對應(yīng)的詞向比較?！靖呖伎键c】主旨題【錯誤選項】A.文中沒有終點講潛力的問題 B. business是對的，不過基礎(chǔ)，偏離文章方向 C. 文中沒有分兩個對象進行比較DWe know that hugs make us fee

22、l cosy inside. And this feeling, it turns out, could actually ward off stress and protect the immune (免疫) system, according to new research from Carnegie Mellon University.Its a well-known fact that stress can weaken the immune system. In this study, the researchers sought to determine whether hugs

23、like social support more broadly could protect individuals from the increased sensitivity to illness brought on by the particular stress that comes with interpersonal conflict.“We know that people experiencing ongoing conflicts with others are less able to fight off cold viruses. We also know that p

24、eople who report having social support are partly protected from the effects of stress on psychological states, such as depression and anxiety,” the studys lead author, psychologist Dr. Sheldon Cohen, said in a statement. “We tested whether awareness of social support are equally effective in protec

25、ting us from sensitivity to infection caused by stress and also whether receiving hugs might partially account for those feelings of support and thus protect a person against infection.”In the experiment, over 400 healthy adults filled out a questionnaire about their perceived (感知到的) social support

26、and also participated in a nightly phone interview for two weeks. They were asked about the frequency that they engaged in interpersonal conflict and received hugs that day.Then, the researchers exposed the participants to a common cold virus, and monitored them to assess signs of infection. They fo

27、und that both perceived social support and more frequent hugs reduced the risk of infection associated with experiencing interpersonal conflict. Regardless of whether or not they experienced social conflicts, infected participants with greater perceived social support and more frequent hugs had less

28、 severe illness symptoms.“This suggests that being hugged by a trusted person may act as an effective means of conveying support and that increasing the frequency of hugs might be an effective means of reducing the effects of stress,” Cohen said. “The apparent protective effect of hugs may result fr

29、om the physical contact itself or hugging being a behavioral indicator of support and closeness. Either way, those who receive more hugs are somewhat more protected from infection.”If you needed any more reason to go wrap your arms around someone special, consider this: hugs also lower blood pressur

30、e, reduce fears around death and dying, improve heart health and decrease feelings of loneliness.67.In paragraph 1, the underlined words “ward off” can be replaced by _.A. produceB. increaseC. preventD. support68.Dr. Sheldon Cohens experiment shows that _.A. hugs can hide serious illness symptomsB.

31、social conflicts can monitor signs of infectionC. social support can reduce the risk of having a coldD. depression and anxiety result from less social support69.The passage aims to convey that _.A. hugs can have protective effectsB. social support can cure diseasesC. interpersonal conflicts cause in

32、fectionsD. stress can weaken our immune system70.The passage is most likely to be found in _.A. a social science magazineB. a commercial brochureC. a medical reportD. an academic essay（二）【詞匯掃描】cosy adj. 溫暖的、舒適的Weaken v. 減弱、變?nèi)鮏ought v. 尋找determine v. 決定sensitivity n. 敏感度illness n.疾病conflict v.n.沖突、抵抗

33、viruses n.病毒psychological adj.心理學(xué)的depression n.消沉、抑郁anxiety n.焦慮、掛念 infection n.傳染、感染questionnaire n.調(diào)查問卷perceive v.感覺、察覺severe adj.嚴(yán)重的 symptoms n.病癥、癥狀convey v.傳遞（三）【長難句分析】Regardless of whether or not they experienced social conflicts, infected participants with greater perceived social support and

34、 more frequent hugs had less severe illness symptoms.解析：who引導(dǎo)定語從句 endangered非謂語做定語翻譯：不管他們是否體驗社會沖突，那些獲得更多社會支持，經(jīng)常擁抱的感染者的病癥會并不明顯。（四）【重點段落大意歸納】Paragragh1：擁抱可以減輕壓力、保護免疫力。Paragragh2: 壓力降低免疫力。Paragragh3: 例子，和別人發(fā)生沖突的時候免疫力下降。Paragragh4: 一項針對400人的實驗，調(diào)查他們沖突和獲得擁抱的頻率。Paragragh5: 實驗發(fā)現(xiàn)擁抱確實可以保護免疫力。Paragragh6: Cohen

35、證實擁抱確實可以保護免疫力。Paragragh7: 擁抱的好處，可以降低血壓、減少恐懼、提高心率、減少孤獨感。（五）【選項分析】67.In paragraph 1, the underlined words “ward off” can be replaced by _.A. produceB. increaseC. preventD. support【標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案】C【試題分析】定位第二段，ward off stress and protect the immune (免疫) system,后面是protect，根據(jù)and，對比stress，可以推出?！靖呖伎键c】細(xì)節(jié)題【錯誤選項】A.B.D.

36、這三個選項都是向上的、積極的。68.Dr. Sheldon Cohens experiment shows that _.A. hugs can hide serious illness symptomsB. social conflicts can monitor signs of infectionC. social support can reduce the risk of having a coldD. depression and anxiety result from less social support【標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案】C【試題分析】We know that people expe

37、riencing ongoing conflicts with others are less able to fight off cold viruses.可以推出。【高考考點】細(xì)節(jié)題【錯誤選項】A. 偷換概念 沒有具體依據(jù)進行過度推斷 B. 張冠李戴 文章沒有提到有關(guān)signs of infection的相關(guān)信息。 D. 張冠李戴 選項里的詞，都有提及，但是沒有因果關(guān)系。69.The passage aims to convey that _.A. hugs can have protective effectsB. social support can cure diseasesC. i

38、nterpersonal conflicts cause infectionsD. stress can weaken our immune system【標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案】A【試題分析】文章最后一句話hugs also lower blood pressure, reduce fears around death and dying, improve heart health and decrease feelings of loneliness.可以推出?！靖呖伎键c】主旨題【錯誤選項】B. 偷換概念 文章只提到了social support有用，沒有提到治療疾病 C. 過度延伸 沖突是會增大感冒感

39、染的概率，沒有說引起。這里無因果 D. 以偏概全 這個選項本身是對的，但不是文章要傳達的意思。70.The passage is most likely to be found in _.A. a social science magazineB. a commercial brochureC. a medical reportD. an academic essay【標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案】A【試題分析】從文章首尾段落進行判斷，開頭We know that hugs make .結(jié)尾If you needed any more reason to go wrap your arms around some

40、one special, consider this: hugs also lower blood pressure, reduce fears around death and dying, improve heart health and decrease feelings of loneliness.可以推出?！靖呖伎键c】主旨題【錯誤選項】B. 中心詞 commercial 與文章內(nèi)容不符合。 C. 中心詞 medical 與文題hugs、social contact 相接近，但結(jié)尾沒有醫(yī)學(xué)方面內(nèi)容，基本不符合。 D. 中心詞 academic 與文題接近，但是倡導(dǎo)性的結(jié)尾，比較A選項，

41、后者更佳。READING XCCA bargain is something offered at a low and advantageous price. A more recent definition is: a bargain is a dirty trick to force money out of the pockets of silly and innocent people.The cost of producing a new for example toothpaste would make 80p the proper price for it, so we will

42、 market it at £1.20. It is not a bad toothpaste, and as people like to try new things, it will sell well to start with; but the attraction of novelty soon fades, so sales will fall. When that happens we will reduce the price to £1.15.And we will turn it into a bargain by printing 5p OFF al

43、l over it.Sometimes it is not 5p OFF but 1p OFF. What breathtaking rudeness to advertise 1p OFF your soap or washing powder or whatever! Even the poorest old-age pensioner ought to regard this as an insult (侮辱), but he doesnt. A bargain must not be missed. People say one has to have washing powder (

44、or whatever) and one might as well buy it a penny cheaper.The real danger starts when unnecessary things become “bargains”. Many people just cannot resist bargains. Provided they think they are getting a bargain they will buy clothes they will never wear or furniture they have no space for. Once I h

45、eard of a man who bought an electric saw as a bargain and cut off two of his fingers the next day. But he had no regret: the saw had been truly cheap.Quite a few people actually believe that they make money on such bargains. A lady once told me: “Ive had a lucky day today. I bought a dress for £

46、;120, reduced from £400; and I bought a beautiful Persian carpet for £600, reduced from £900.” It will never occur to her that she has actually wasted £720. She feels as though she has made £580. She also feels, I am sure, that if she had more time for shopping, she could ma

47、ke a living out of it.Some people buy in large quantities because it is cheaper. Once a couple bought enough sugar from their lifetime and the lifetime of their children and grandchildren. They thought it a bargain not to be missed. When the sugar arrived they didnt know where to store it until they

48、 realized that their toilet was a very spacious one. So that was where they piled up their sugar. Not only did their guests feel rather strange whenever they were offered sugar to put into their coffee, but the toilet became extremely sticky.To offer bargains is a commercial trick to make the poor p

49、oorer. When greedy fools fall for this trick, it serves them right.63.Which word best describes the language style of the passage?A. Polite.B. Foolish.C. Humorous.D. Serious.64.What does the underlined word “novelty” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?A. Good quality.B. Low price.C. Newness.D. Curiosity.

50、65.How does the author feel about 1p OFF a product?A. Its a gift for poor people.B. Its an offense to shoppers.C. Its a bargain worth trying.D. Its a real reduction in price.66.Which statement will the author probably agree with?A. Bargains are things people dont really need.B. Bargains are often re

51、al cheap products.C. Bargains help people make a living.D. Bargains play tricks on people.（二）【詞匯掃描】bargain n.v. 交易、討價還價advantageous adj.有利的definition n.定義的、闡述的innocent adj.無罪的，天真的toothpaste n.牙膏unnecessary adj.不必的，多余的regret v.后悔carpet n.地毯spacious adj.寬敞的、廣闊的sticky adj.粘性的trick n.戲法、把戲、計謀（三）【長難句分析】P

52、rovided they think they are getting a bargain they will buy clothes they will never wear or furniture they have no space for.解析：兩個省略關(guān)系詞的定語從句，分別在clothes、furniture后面。前面provided為連詞，意為“如果、假如”。翻譯：假如他們企圖討價還價，會買一件永遠(yuǎn)不會穿的衣服或者沒有地方放的家具。（四）【重點段落大意歸納】Paragragh1：討價還價的定義。Paragragh2: 例子，牙膏賣出的價格變化。Paragragh3: 分析例子，不

53、是折扣的問題。Paragragh4: 危險的信號是，討價買的東西多是非必須的。Paragragh5: 少有人認(rèn)為他們真的在討價上占便宜。Paragragh6: 一些人因便宜買了大量的東西。Paragragh7: 結(jié)論：交易是商人玩的把戲（五）【選項分析】63.Which word best describes the language style of the passage?A. Polite.B. Foolish.C. Humorous.D. Serious.【標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案】A【試題分析】從第二段As a boy, he used to be “ a little tough guy on t

54、he streets”. At age thirteen, he was caught by police stealing. At eighteen, he landed in prison for shooting a man.可以推出?！靖呖伎键c】細(xì)節(jié)題【錯誤選項】B. 偷換概念（文章只說：因為shooting而坐獄，沒說他喜歡shooting） C. 無中生有 （選錯的原因很可能是不理解tough這個單詞） D. 定位錯位：小時候，沒有提到他和蝴蝶的關(guān)系64.What does the underlined word “novelty” in Paragraph 2 probably

55、mean?A. Good quality.B. Low price.C. Newness.D. Curiosity. 【標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案】A【試題分析】從第二段As a boy, he used to be “ a little tough guy on the streets”. At age thirteen, he was caught by police stealing. At eighteen, he landed in prison for shooting a man.可以推出。【高考考點】細(xì)節(jié)題【錯誤選項】B. 偷換概念（文章只說：因為shooting而坐獄，沒說他喜歡shooting） C. 無中生有 （選錯的原因很可能是不理解tough這個單詞） D. 定位錯位：小時候，沒有提到他和蝴蝶的關(guān)系65.How does the author feel about 1p OFF a product?A. Its a gift for poor people.B. Its an offe