定語從句講解

1、精品資料歡迎下載定語從句一課文原句I like music that I can dance to . 我喜歡可以隨之跳舞的音樂。Rose likes music thats quiet and gentle. 玫瑰喜歡輕柔的音樂。I prefer singers who write their own lyrics .我喜歡自己寫歌詞的歌手。以上三個句子都是含有定語從句的復(fù)合句。第一，二句均是由that 引導(dǎo)的定語從句，修飾先行詞都是music, 第三句是由who 引導(dǎo)的定語從句，修飾先行詞singers.二概念及構(gòu)成在復(fù)合句中， 修飾名詞或代詞的從句叫做定語從句。被定語從句修飾的名詞或代詞

2、叫做先行詞。定語從句放在先行詞的后面，由關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)。其結(jié)構(gòu)為：先行詞+關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞+從句。引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞有that , which , who , whom ,whose 等，關(guān)系副詞有where , when , why等。三用法點撥1. 關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中的用法關(guān)系代詞 that , which , who , whom , whose 放在先行詞和定語從句之間起連接作用，同時又代替先行詞在從句中充當(dāng)某一成分，關(guān)系代詞作從句的賓語時通?？梢允÷?，但作從句主語時不能省略。（1） that 在從句中可以作主語或賓語，可以指人也可以指物 This is the PE

3、teacher that plays soccer best. (作主語 )這就是踢足球最棒的那位體育老師。He isntthe person that I talked to just now . ( 作賓語 )他不是剛才和我說話的那個人。I like the cat that has four white paws . ( 作主語 )我喜歡那只長著四只白色爪子的貓。This is the cat that I like best . ( 作賓語 )這就是我最喜歡的那只貓。（2）who 在從句中作主語或賓語，指代人。This is the PE teacher who plays socce

4、r best. ( 作主語 )這就是踢足球最棒的那位體育老師。He isntthe man whom I talked to just now . ( 作賓語 )他不是剛才和我說話的那個人。（3）which在從句中可以作主語或賓語，指代物。Can you show me the shop which is the nearest? ( 作主語 )你能給我指指去最近商店的路嗎？The book which you re looking for is Tom s . (作賓語 )你正在找的那本書是湯姆的。（4）whose 在從句中作定語，指人，也指物。Do you know the boy who

5、se mother is our math teacher ?你認(rèn)識那個他媽媽是咱們數(shù)學(xué)老師的男孩嗎？My uncle has bought a new car whose color is blue .我叔叔買了一輛顏色是藍(lán)色的新車。 that 可以指人也可以指物， 指人是多數(shù)可與 who , whom 互換，指物時有時可與 which 互換。 eg : The songs (that which ) Liu Dehua sang are very popular.劉德華演唱的歌很受歡迎。精品資料歡迎下載The man that who is reading a book over ther

6、e is Tom s uncle .在那邊看書的那個男人是湯姆的叔叔。關(guān)系代詞whom 和 which 在從句中作介詞的賓語時，可以跟介詞一起放在主句和從句之間，也可以把介詞放在從句中有關(guān)動詞的后面。eg : The beautiful lady to whom you talked is Miss Zhang .= The beautiful lady ( whom who that ) you talked to is Miss Zhang . 和你說話哦那位漂亮的女士是張小姐。2. 關(guān)系代詞用法辨析（ 1） 用 that 不用 which 的情況：A.先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級修飾時通

7、常用that .Eg : This is the most beautiful mountain that I have seen . 這是我所見過的最美麗的山。The first English novel that I read was“Thirty-nine Step “我讀的第一本英文小說是39 級臺階。（2）先行詞前有all , any , no , little , much , many , the only , the very , the last等修飾詞時通常用 that .Eg : Here are all the clothes that I have .這就是我所有的

8、衣服。This is the only book that I like .這就是我唯一喜歡的一本書。（3）先行詞是everything , something , anything , all , none , much , little , many , few等不定代詞時，通常用that .Eg ： Finally , the thief handed in everything that he had stolen .最后小偷交出了他所偷的所有東西。（4）先行詞同時含有“人”和“物”的名詞時，用that .Eg : I can remember the people and some

9、pictures that I saw in the room .我能記得我在這個房間里看到的人和一些圖畫。（5）在以 who 引導(dǎo)的疑問詞后，為了避免重復(fù)，用that .Eg : Who is the girl that is standing there ?站在那邊的那個女孩是誰？（ 6）。 先行詞在句中作表語Shanghai is no longer the citythat it used to be 只用 which 不用 that 情況：（ 1）在介詞后用 which , 不用 that .eg : This is the bank in which the robbery hap

10、pened.這是那所發(fā)生搶劫案的銀行。（ 2）先行詞本身是 that 時， 用 which，不能用 that . eg : The clock is that which tellsthe time . 鐘表是用來報時的。四關(guān)系副詞（ when , where , why ）關(guān)系副詞 when , where, why 在定語從句中作狀語，即定語從句中不缺主語、賓語，只缺時間、地點或原因狀語1. ： 分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，明確句法成分關(guān)系詞在從句中作賓語還是作狀語， 關(guān)鍵取決于從句中的謂語動詞。 如果定語從句中謂語動詞是及物動詞， 應(yīng)觀察其后有無賓語。 如果沒賓語， 則應(yīng)考慮使用能充當(dāng)賓語的關(guān)系代詞

11、which 或 that。如果句子中有賓語， 就考慮關(guān)系副詞 when精品資料歡迎下載或 where 等2.When 的用法（在定語從句中做時間狀語）I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing .We will never forget the happy time when we worked on the farm .He came at a timewhen (at which )we needed help .3.where 的用法（在定語從句中做地點狀語）This is the housewhere we lived l

12、ast year .The factory where his father works is in the west of the city .After living in Pairs for fifty years , he returned to the small town where he grew up as a child .4. why 的用法（在定語從句中做原因狀語）There are several reasonswhy we cantdo that .He couldntgive the teacher a good reasonwhy he was late for

13、school .Is this the reasonwhy ( for which )he refused our offer ?The reasonwhy ( for which )she was ill is that she had eaten bad meat .5.比較I llnever forget the days that / which I spent with my teacher .I llnever forget the days when I worked with you .It is the house that / which was built two yea

14、rs ago . It is the housewhere/ in which I was born .The reasonwhich / that he gave was an excuse .The reasonwhy he was late was the rain .Do you know the reasonwhy he didntturn up ?：定語從句中的主謂一致問題。當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作主語時，定語從句中的謂語動詞要與先行詞的人稱和數(shù)保持一致，因為關(guān)系代詞所指代的就是先行詞。Eg:Tom is one of the boys that are（易錯點） from the

15、 USA.湯姆是眾多來自美國的男孩中的一個。Tom is the only boy that is(易錯點 ) from the USA.湯姆是從美國來的唯一的男孩。I. 單項填空。1. -Do you know the man _is talking with your father? -Yes, he s our headmaster.A. he B. who C. which D. whom2. Is this the river _I can swim?A. which B. in which C. that D. the one精品資料歡迎下載3. This is the best

16、hotel in the city _I know. A. where B. which C. that D. it4. Can you lend me the dictionary _the other day? A. that you bought B. you bought itC. that you bought it D. which you bought it5. Anyone _with what I said may put up you hands. A. which agrees B. who agreeC. who agrees D. which agree6. My w

17、atch is not the only thing _ is missing.7. The man _coat is black is waiting at the gate A. who s B. whose C. that of which.8. The girl _ is reading under the tree _my sister. A. which; is B. whom; was C. who; is D. who; was9. I love places _the people are really friendly.10. The world _ is made up of matter. A. in that we live B. on which we liveC. where we live in D. we live in. 用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系代詞 that, which, who, whom填空。1. The first thing _you must do is to have a meal.2