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1、-作者xxxx-日期xxxx英語可做定語,表語,補(bǔ)語,狀語 的成分【精品文檔】一.定語,狀語,補(bǔ)語,表語 系統(tǒng)的比對(duì),理解This is an interesting book. 這是一本有趣的書(形容詞做定語, 特指有趣的,不是其他無趣的)This book is interesting. 這本書很有趣。(形容詞做表語, 補(bǔ)充說明主語 the book的特質(zhì))We found this book interesting.我們發(fā)現(xiàn)這本書有趣。This is an interesting book for Children. 對(duì)于兒童來說這本書是有趣的。(for Children 對(duì)象狀語)Th
2、is interesting book sold well in 2016. 這本書在2016年賣的很好。(in 2016 做時(shí)間狀語, interesting做定語修飾book)其實(shí)句子結(jié)構(gòu), 主, 謂, 賓, 定, 狀, 補(bǔ)。 大家可以把這些成分,用一個(gè)舞臺(tái)劇去構(gòu)想, 就像他們互相搭配,形成的一個(gè)場景。一場戲基本構(gòu)架就是 主 謂 賓,類似于 主人公, 動(dòng)作, 人物的特質(zhì)描述 或 事物。定 狀 補(bǔ): 可以理解為 定語 人物的塑造 劇本里設(shè)定好的, 狀語相當(dāng)于 情節(jié)中的環(huán)境,地點(diǎn)等, 補(bǔ)語 相當(dāng)于事情的擴(kuò)充,補(bǔ)充說明,類似獨(dú)白。基本的框架搭建好了, 就可以排練演出了例句1She is a ki
3、nd and easy-going girl with a good temper 主語 謂語 定語 賓語 補(bǔ)語 so that a lot of classmates love her. 結(jié)果狀語從句(classmates 配角)例句2:Jack happened meet Rose crying and standing at the verge of boat at the evening a few days ago ,he persuaded her and tried every means to save her. But it is funny that he was mist
4、aken for a bad man who wanted to hurt Rose.Jack, Rose, boat, 人物, 舞臺(tái) 都有了。 然后就是敘述故事的情節(jié)。Meet Rose, 謂語,賓語, 幾天前的傍晚 時(shí)間狀語Crying and standing 補(bǔ)充說明 Rose人物當(dāng)時(shí)的特征, At the verge of boat, 地點(diǎn)At the evening a few days ago, 時(shí)間然后根據(jù)這個(gè)場景開始擴(kuò)充事件, 描述。二 可做定語成分定語主要是修飾限定名詞或者代詞的, 一般能修飾名詞或代詞的詞, 也都是形容詞性特征的, 或者 時(shí)間 地點(diǎn)加以限定的 副詞。主要是
5、 形容詞,形容詞性物主代詞, 數(shù)詞, 不定式, 分詞, 介詞詞組,句子,形容詞 作定語She is a beautiful girl.She is a kind girl.This is an interesting book.The tall boy is Jimmy.形容詞性物主代詞 作定語This is his bike. Whats your name please?Whose picture is it?This is my bag.數(shù)詞作定語There are four apples on the table.We have four lessons in the morning.
6、 我們上午有四節(jié)課。Hainan is the second largest island of China. 海南是中國的第二大島。不定式作定語Do you have anything more to say? 你還有什么要說的嗎?There is nothing to say. 沒什么要說的了。She give me some books to read. 她給了我?guī)妆緯プx,(讓我去讀的書, 修飾限定名詞books的)I have nothing to worry about. 我沒什么好擔(dān)心的。 (擔(dān)心的是修飾事情的, 沒什么讓我擔(dān)心的事, 這里 to worry about 是作定語
7、的)I have a lot of homework to do. 我有許多要做的作業(yè)。(要做的 to do 什么? 要做的作業(yè), 修飾限定名詞 homework的)介詞短語做定語Who is the old lady with a baby in her arms? 那個(gè)抱著小孩的婦女是誰?(抱著小孩的 婦女, 不是其他的人, 特指抱著小孩的, 修飾限定的,補(bǔ)語是補(bǔ)充說明的, 說明所修飾詞的特征,更多的特點(diǎn)的, 不是限定的。I found him in trouble, 我發(fā)現(xiàn)他有麻煩了, 這里發(fā)現(xiàn)他,發(fā)現(xiàn)他怎么了? 發(fā)現(xiàn)他有麻煩了, 對(duì)這個(gè)人,這件事的補(bǔ)充說明敘述, 補(bǔ)語補(bǔ)語 補(bǔ)充說明主語
8、或賓語的,為了使句子完整的, 去掉了就會(huì)覺得句子不完整,好像沒說完, 所以當(dāng)判定不了補(bǔ)語 還是 定語時(shí), 去掉這個(gè)詞, 看看句子意思是否還是一個(gè)完整的意思)分詞做定語分詞往往跟所修飾的名詞或代詞, 意思上是動(dòng)賓結(jié)構(gòu), 如果是主動(dòng)就用現(xiàn)在分詞, 是被動(dòng)就用過去分詞)Barking dog seldom bite. 會(huì)叫的狗很少咬人。Polluted air is harmful to peoples health. 被污染的空氣對(duì)人們的健康有害。This is one of the houses built last year. 這是去年所建的房子其中一個(gè)。句子作定語She has found
9、the necklace that she lost last year. 她找到了她去年丟失的項(xiàng)鏈。It happened at the time when I left the office. 當(dāng)我要離開辦公室的時(shí)候事情發(fā)生了。三可做補(bǔ)語的成分補(bǔ)語,就是補(bǔ)充說明 主語和賓語的,分為 補(bǔ)語 和 賓語補(bǔ)語。 一般由 名詞, 形容詞,副詞,不定式,現(xiàn)在分詞,過去分詞,介詞短語,除了句子, 可以看出來大部分的詞都可以做補(bǔ)語, 補(bǔ)語是適用范圍最廣的, 還有狀語, 獨(dú)立主格, 幾乎 形容詞, 副詞, 不定式, 分詞, 介詞短語都可以做。這樣記得話不容易混淆。關(guān)于主語補(bǔ)語的介紹,大家比較凌亂, 可以看一
10、下下方解釋, 輔助區(qū)分 主補(bǔ)和 表語。補(bǔ)語和表語本來從內(nèi)容上來說一個(gè)意思,去區(qū)分是沒什么意義的。只是不同的語法書上的不同提法。表語:是表述主語的特征、狀態(tài)、身份等,位于動(dòng)詞之后。由名詞或形容詞擔(dān)任。補(bǔ)語、補(bǔ)足主語和賓語意義的句子。表語也是主語補(bǔ)語中的一種,不過之所以稱為表語,是它前面的謂語動(dòng)詞是is, are, am, keep, feel之類的系動(dòng)詞。如果謂語動(dòng)詞不是系動(dòng)詞,則稱為主語補(bǔ)語。如下面的例子:I am a student. (a student是表語)The plane landed safe. (safe 就是主語的補(bǔ)足語)所以可以說表語是主語補(bǔ)語的一種特殊情況。主要看謂語動(dòng)詞
11、。例如,He waked up frightened. frightened便是主語補(bǔ)足語,但我們無法稱之為表語主語補(bǔ)語He woke up frightened. 他驚恐的醒來。The plane landed safe. 飛機(jī)安全的降落。賓語補(bǔ)語形容詞做補(bǔ)語What you said made Xiao Wang angry. 你說了什么讓小王生氣的。I found the classroom empty. 我發(fā)現(xiàn)教室空蕩蕩的。When I ran to school , only to find the door locked. 當(dāng)我跑到學(xué)校時(shí),卻發(fā)現(xiàn)校門鎖了。We found
12、 this book interesting. 我們發(fā)現(xiàn)這本書挺有趣的。I want to baked it hard.我想把它烘硬了。do you like your tea strong? 你要濃茶嗎?I drank water hot. 我喝熱水Dont let your cat loose. 不要讓你的貓無拘無束。I wish you happy. 愿你快樂。Put these things straight. 把這些東西整理好。Burn it black. 把它燒黑。He drove her mad. 他把她逼瘋了。She could talk herself blue in the
13、 face, I still wouldnt believe her.即使她講的口干舌燥,我仍然不相信她。名詞作補(bǔ)語We elected him our monitor at the meeting.在會(huì)上我們選他作為班長。I name my dog Pit. 我叫我的狗pit。We made him our monitor . 我們讓他做我們的班長。I found him a liar. 我發(fā)現(xiàn)他是一個(gè)騙子。愛說謊的人We think your brother a good person. 我們認(rèn)為你哥哥是一個(gè)好人。副詞作補(bǔ)語。Please ask her in. 請(qǐng)讓他進(jìn)來。I found
14、 him out. 我發(fā)現(xiàn)他不在家,出去了。Please call the students back at once. 立刻讓學(xué)生們回來。He was seen to take his cap off. 他被看見摘他的帽子。不定式做補(bǔ)語My father will not allow us to play on the street. 爸爸不會(huì)讓我媽在街上玩耍的。We believe him to be guilty. 我們相信他是有罪的。I felt my hands tremble. 我感覺我的手抖了。 (感官動(dòng)詞,變化的動(dòng)詞, 使役動(dòng)詞后 接不帶to的不定式)We consi
15、der Tom to be one of the best students in our class. 我們認(rèn)為湯姆是班上最好的學(xué)生之一We didn't expect there to be so many people there.我們沒料到會(huì)有那么多人在哪里。The book is believed to be
16、 uninteresting. 人們認(rèn)為這本書沒什么意思。介詞短語作補(bǔ)語I found him in trouble. 我發(fā)現(xiàn)他遇到麻煩了。I dont want her in danger. 我不想讓她處于危險(xiǎn)之中。They found the machine in a good state. 他們發(fā)現(xiàn)這臺(tái)機(jī)器運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)良好。He is thought of as a good person. 他被認(rèn)為是一個(gè)好人。現(xiàn)在分詞作補(bǔ)語。We hear her singing in the hall. 我們聽見她正在大廳里唱歌。I found him lying in bed, sle
17、eping. 我發(fā)現(xiàn)他躺在床上, 睡覺。She smelt something burning. 她聞到什么東西好像著火了。Tom was caught sleeping in class. Tom 被發(fā)現(xiàn)在課堂上睡覺。過去分詞作補(bǔ)語He found his face reflected in the water. 他發(fā)現(xiàn)他的臉被倒映在水中。I heard it spoken of in the next room. 我聽到隔壁房間說到了它。He managed to get it done on time. 他設(shè)法按時(shí)完成。The door was left fastened. 門是鎖著的。
18、三 可做狀語成分狀語用來修飾動(dòng)詞,形容詞,副詞,句子等表示行為發(fā)生的時(shí)間,地點(diǎn),目的,方式,原因,程度等。狀語可以是一個(gè)句子、短語或者一個(gè)副詞、一個(gè)形容詞等等,用來修飾謂語動(dòng)詞。副詞在英語里威力最大,除了可以修飾動(dòng)詞以外,還可以修飾形容詞(Yao Ming is very tall.里的very修飾形容詞)、修飾副詞(He can speak English very well.里的very修飾副詞well)。可作狀語的有: 副詞, 形容詞, 分詞, 不定式, 介詞短語, 詞組, 復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu), 從句等。一般形容詞 多表示伴隨狀語現(xiàn)在分詞,過去分詞多表示 方式,原因狀語。副詞多表示程度狀語介詞短語
19、類似于插入語,多表示時(shí)間方面的狀語不定式多表示目的狀語句子多為地點(diǎn),時(shí)間,之類的,比較廣泛。(一) 副詞做狀語,修飾動(dòng)詞,形容詞,介詞詞組 或者整個(gè)句子。AHe lent a laptop just now. 他剛剛借了一臺(tái)筆記本??梢杂腥缦聝煞N理解:1.( just 副詞 修飾 時(shí)間副詞 now)2.固定用法:這里兩個(gè)詞組不能拆開,只是作為一個(gè)短語適用 例如:You were rude to say that to your father just now. just now不是just修飾now的問題,而是一個(gè)固定用法,表示“剛剛”。個(gè)人認(rèn)為這兩種理解都可以, 知道這個(gè)用法就可以,會(huì)用就O
20、k.BI push the door very hard.在這個(gè)句子中very和hard都是副詞.hard是修飾push這個(gè)動(dòng)作的副詞;而very則是修飾hard這個(gè)副詞的副詞.在這里注意 very hard 作為程度狀語 作為一個(gè)整體修飾動(dòng)詞push,并不修飾整個(gè)句子。程度副詞的特點(diǎn)程度副詞用于表示程度,常見的有almost, fairly, pretty, rather, quite, very, much, too, greatly, nearly, half, highly, awfully, deeply, partly, perfectly, really 等。 C .does i
21、t happen that children learn their mother tongue so(程度副詞) well(描述性副詞)? 其他例句參考:Speak politely. 講禮貌It is very nice of you. 你真是太好了。Read loudly. 大聲讀。The girl dances very well. 這個(gè)女孩跳舞跳得好。We must work hard. 我們必須努力工作。He does his work very carefully. 他做工作非常仔細(xì)。I want to see the film very much. 我很想看這部電影。He an
22、grily closed the door. 他生氣地把門關(guān)上了。He has just left for work. 他剛剛離開去上班。We have already read the book. 我們都已讀過這本書。The number of watching Tv rises quickly.(quickly副詞修飾動(dòng)詞rise)副詞用來修飾動(dòng)詞時(shí)要放在動(dòng)詞的后面,如果動(dòng)詞帶有賓語要放在賓語的后面He looked carefullyHe did his homework carefully副詞修飾形容詞副詞時(shí)放在形容詞副詞時(shí)放在其前面She is very beautifulShe r
23、uns very fast個(gè)人覺得其實(shí)都可以,有時(shí)前有時(shí)后,大部分常見的是在其后。只不過所修飾的動(dòng)詞如果接有賓語的話,要放在賓語后面。例:He happily played a game.= He played a game happily.It is raining heavily.這里的heavily是副詞修飾雨下的大Pretty soon the lilacs would be in bloom. 很快丁香就要開花了。介詞詞組可以被副詞修飾,常用的是well, much:例如This is well above the March average. 這遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)高于3月份的平均水平。Whose
24、 boundaries go well beyond the European Union, 他們的邊界遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超出了歐盟的范圍有一些副詞可以修飾整個(gè)句子,說明說話人的態(tài)度,稱為 句子副詞。Honestly, I think youre a little prejudiced. 說真的,我感覺你有點(diǎn)偏見。Luckily, she were in when I called. 幸好我去時(shí)她在家。Curiously enough, he had never seen the little girl. 說也奇怪, 他從未見過那小女孩。Most likely, hes gone to bed. 很可能他已
25、經(jīng)睡了。What he says is true, possibly. 他的話可能是真的。(二)介詞短語作狀語,一般修飾整個(gè)句子,表示時(shí)間,說話人態(tài)度等At present about 38% of the Chinese population smoke. 目前中國大約有38% 的人吸煙。To his surprise, she criticized him instead of praising him. 使他吃驚的是,她不僅沒有表揚(yáng)他反而批判了他。Ill be back in two hours.我兩小時(shí)后趕回來。She was born in 1990. 她是1990年出生的。(三)不
26、定式作狀語不定式??勺鳡钫Z來表示目的(a)、 結(jié)果(b)、程度(c)、原因(d)等。也可以用來修飾整個(gè)句子,可稱為 句子狀語。a. To search for gold, many people went to California. 為了找金子,許多人都去了加利福尼亞。We can send a car over to fetch you.我們可以派車去接你。b. They lifted a rock only to drop it on their own feet.他們搬起石頭砸了自己的腳。He hurried to the place only to find the house em
27、pty.他趕到那里只發(fā)現(xiàn)房子里空無一人。c. it was too late to do anything now.現(xiàn)在做什么都已為時(shí)太晚。We are fortunate enough to get an empty car.我們很幸運(yùn),找到了一輛空車。Youre far too clever to have done that.你很聰明,不會(huì)做出這種事的。d. what has happened to make you so sad?出了什么事讓你這樣傷心Im glad to see you here.在這里見到你真開心。She shuddered to think of it.想到這事她
28、不寒而栗。不定式也可以用來修飾整個(gè)句子,可稱為 句子狀語。To be frank, your English is not flawless. 坦率地說,你的英語不是完美無瑕的。To be honest, I dont quite agree with you.說老實(shí)話, 我不完全同意你的一件。To tell you the truth, I hate to do it.說真的,我不愿這樣做。You are wrong about the facts to begin with. 首先你把事實(shí)都弄錯(cuò)了。(四)形容詞作狀語形容詞有時(shí)也可做狀語, 常和句子的謂語用逗號(hào)隔開:He spent sev
29、en days in the wind and snow, cold and hungry.他在風(fēng)雪中過了七天,又冷又餓。Tired and hungry, he arrived home.他到家了,又累又餓。Afraid of the dogs, she entered by the back door.由于害怕狗,她從后門進(jìn)去了。She went back to Boston, eager to see her Children.她回到波斯頓,急于見她的孩子。Helpless, I decided to give up the job.我無可奈何,決定辭去這份工作。有時(shí)形容詞也可和動(dòng)詞一起
30、用,中間不加逗號(hào)。He stood helpless, not knowing what to do. 他無可奈何的站著,不知如何是好。He sat motionless. 他一動(dòng)不動(dòng)的坐著。Dont throw that plastic bag away, it may come in handy.別把那塑料袋扔掉,他可能會(huì)有用處。(五)分詞(短語)作狀語1. 現(xiàn)在分詞(短語)也常可用作狀語, 通常有逗號(hào)把它和主謂分開,可以表示伴隨情況(a)原因(b)、時(shí)間(c)等a. Opening the drawer, he took out a book. 他打開抽屜,拿出一本書。Taking of
31、f our shoes, we crept cautiously along the passage.脫掉了鞋,我們小心翼翼地沿著通道爬行。He lay still, staring blankly at the ceiling.他靜靜地躺著, 茫然地望著天花板。She went out of the room, taking the flowers with her.她帶著那些花走出屋去。Lena shook her head, smiling.麗娜笑著搖了搖頭。 b. Being poor himself, he couldnt help us.他自己就很窮, 沒有力量幫助我們。Not k
32、nowing her address, we couldnt get in touch with her.由于不知道她的地址,我們無法和她聯(lián)系。Feeling rather tired, she went to bed.由于感到相當(dāng)疲勞,她就睡覺了。c. Hearing the news, they decided to act.聽到這消息,他們決定采取行動(dòng)。Seeing this, she became rather worried.看到這情況,她很有些發(fā)愁。Walking through the park, we saw a fine flower show.我們從公園穿過時(shí)看到一個(gè)漂亮的
33、花卉展。分詞有時(shí)用完成形式(a),有時(shí)有自己的邏輯主語(b)a. Having been there once, he knew the place fairly well.由于去過那里一次,他很熟悉這地方。Not having received instructions, he didnt know what to do.由于沒收到指示,他不知道該怎么辦。b. The day being fine, we decided to have a picnic by the lake.天氣很好, 我們決定到湖邊野餐。There being nothing else to discuss, he d
34、eclared the meeting closed.由于沒有別的事要討論, 他宣布閉會(huì)。Weather permitting, well go on a tour of the lake district next week.如果天氣允許,我們下星期將去游覽湖區(qū)。有些分詞常和某些動(dòng)詞連用, 中間不加逗號(hào)。I have spent all day looking for you.我花了一整天時(shí)間找你。She always ready to go skating. 她向來愛去溜冰。I lay tossing half the night.我翻來覆去半夜沒睡著。2.用過去分詞做狀語的時(shí)候也不少,可
35、以表示伴隨情況(a)原因(b)、時(shí)間(c)等He entered, accompanied by his secretary.他由秘書陪著走了進(jìn)來。A woman came in, followed by her daughter.一個(gè)婦女走了進(jìn)來,后面跟著她的女兒。Moved by his speech, many people volunteered to help in the work.受他講話的感動(dòng), 許多人自愿參加這項(xiàng)工作。Taken in time, the medicine will be quite effective.如果及時(shí)服用,這藥是相當(dāng)有效的。I stand prep
36、ared to dispute it.我準(zhǔn)備對(duì)此提出異議。(六)此外,詞組,復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu),從句 也可作狀語Ill stay here another five months. (詞組作狀語)He entered the room, his nose red with cold.(復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語)He asked me to stay where I was.(從句做狀語)可做表語的成分主語+系動(dòng)詞+形容詞She felt a bit dizzy. 她感到有點(diǎn)頭暈。TShe remained comparatively calm.她保持相對(duì)鎮(zhèn)靜。Gradually he became silent.
37、 慢慢地他安靜了下來。Those chocolates smell tempting.那些巧克力聞起來很誘人。He felt troubled and distressed. 他感到很煩惱痛苦。She didnt look convinced. 她顯得不太信服。主語+系動(dòng)詞+名詞(代詞)That girl was my fiancée. 那女孩是我的未婚妻。We can remain friends. 我們可以繼續(xù)做朋友。I still stand your friend. 我仍然是你的朋友。His dream has at last become a reality. 他的夢(mèng)想終于成為現(xiàn)實(shí)。主語+系動(dòng)
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