高考英語(yǔ)試卷(北京卷)及參考答案

1、絕密啟用前2019年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國(guó)統(tǒng)一考試（北京卷）英語(yǔ)(考試時(shí)間：100分鐘試卷滿分：120分) 考生務(wù)必將答案答在答題卡上，在試卷上作答無(wú)效?？荚嚱Y(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分：知識(shí)運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，45分)第一節(jié)語(yǔ)法填空(共 10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分)閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空，在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。AOnthe first day ofmy first grade, I stood by the door withbutterflies in my stomach. I 1_ (voice

2、) my biggestconcern to my mother. " How will I make friends? " She handed me advice. " Be yourself." Forthepast 20 years. I have lived by these words. Soon I will graduate and become part of the real world. Nervously 2 _ (face) challenges, Iknow I will whisper to 3_(I) the two si

3、mple words " Be yourself".BEarth Day, 4_ (mark) on 22 April, is an annual event aiming to raise public awareness about environmental protection. First celebrated 51970, the Day now includes events in more than 190 countries and regions (地區(qū)).No matter what you like to do, there is a way to

4、get involved in various 6 _ (activity ) on Earth Day. You can plant a tree, make a meal with locally grown vegetables, or save power the possibilities are endless.CDoes the name of the college you attend really matter? Research on the question 7(suggest) that, formost students, it doesn ' WVhat

5、students do at college seems to matter much more than 8 they go. The students benefitting most from college are those 9are totally engaged (參與)in academic life, taking full advantage of the college ' s chances andresources源).Students should have a proper attitude towards college before thinking

6、about which college to attend, and it ' never too early to make necessary preparations for a healthy and10 (meaning) college experience.第二節(jié)完形填空(共 20小題；每小題1.5分，共30分)閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。Regardless of the weather orthe distance, Paul Wilson will make sure low-income s

7、tudentsinhisneighbourhood arriveat their college classes on time.A retired engineer, 76-year-old Wilson has been 11 free rides to college students for the past eight years. Since he first started 12 his car to the young people. Wilson has 13 am astonishing 64, 000 miles, and has had countless pleasa

8、nt and often humorous 14 with the students he transports to and from school.The students who he'15 have gone on to become physicians, teachers and engineers, but what they' ve also gof their time in school is finding a role model anda friend in Wilson.Some students 16 call him "Grandpa&

9、quot;.Tina Stern 17 rides from Wilson for all her four years in college, and the trips meant much more to her than just free18."It ' s not just a rideou ' re not just sitting there in 19 silence or with your headphones on." Stern said. " He asks you questions and actually 20 t

10、he answers, so the next time you ride with him, he 21'those things."Wilson first worked as a driver through a student-support programme of the non-profit organization, On Point for College.Although the 22 asks the members only to drive students to and from their classes, Wilson often goes 2

11、3 to ensure the welfare and safety of the students.If they have problems with registration.Wilson is there to 24 them.If they run out of certain daily necessities.Wilson will drive to the nearest store and purchase what ' s needed.If a student gets hungryong theves to and from school, Wilson nev

12、er 25 to buy them a meal.For many students, Wilson ' help is not only appreciated, it ' also entirely 26 for them to be able to complete their college education.Some students don' t have a reliothlersairaventlie 27 vehicles withparents who work six days a week. For them, riding with Wils

13、on has 28 them to complete their education but according to Wilson, he benefits just as much from the 29 . " I just love drivingand I love these kids, "Wilsonsaid."It ' s sucn a _30 to be a part of these kids'lives, even just for a few hours, getting to know them andhearing th

14、eir stories."11. A. linkingB. sendingC. offeringD. distributing12.A. donatingB.lendingC.deliveringD.volunteering13. A. pavedB. coveredC. measuredD. wandered14. A. argumentsB. interviewsC. negotiationsD. wandered15.A.metB. drivenC. addressedD. conversations16.A. evenB. everC. onceD. already17.A.

15、 earnedB. receivedC.assessedD.demanded18.A. transportationB.styleC.timeD.communication19.A.forcedB.awkwardC. ridiculousD.suspicious20.A.selectsB.recitesC.guessesD.remembers21.A.actonB.settleonC.checkonD.agree on22.A.clubB.leagueC.collegeD.programme23.A.farB.aroundC.beyondD.forwards24.A.assistB.watch

16、C.urgeD.warn25.A.expectsB.attemptsC.managesD.hesitates26.A.extraB.unusualC.necessaryD.adequate27.A.shareB.fuelC.repairD.exchange28.A.requiredB.allowedC. remindedD.convinced29.A.experienceB.arrangementC.appreciationD. employment30.A.effortB.ambitionC.privilegeD.convenience第二部分：閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)， 40 分）第一節(jié)（共15

17、小題；每小題 2 分，共 30 分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的 A 、 B 、 C 、 D 四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。AWant to explore new cultures, meet new people and do something worthwhile at the same time? You can doall the three with Global Development Association （ GDA ） .Whatever stage of life youwhererveeart,you go andwhatever project y

18、ou do in GDA, you' ll create positive changes in a poor and remote coHmUn）ty.We work with volunteers of all ages and backgrounds.Most of our volunteers are aged 17-24.Now we needvolunteer managers aged 25-75.They are extremely important in the safe and effective running of our programmes.We have

19、 such roles as project managers, mountain leaders, and communication officers.Depending on which role you choose, you could help to increase a communityink ings awcactesr,s to safe dror help to protect valuable local cultures.You might also design an adventure challenge to train young volunteers.Not

20、 only will you help our young volunteers to develop personally, you ll also learn new skills andyour cultural awar eness.You may have chances to meet new people who' ll become your lifelong friends.This summer we have both 4-week and 7-week programmes :CountrySchedule4-week programmes7-week prog

21、rammesAlgeria5 Jul. 1Aug.20Jun 7Aug.Egypt24 Jul.20 Aug.19Jun6 Aug.Kenya20 Jul.16Aug.18 Jun 5 Aug.South Africa2Aug. -29 Aug.15 Jun.2Aug.GDA ensures that volunteers work with community members and local project partners where our help is needed.All our projects aim to promote the development of poor a

22、nd remote communities.There is no other chance like a GDA programme.Join us as a volunteer manager to develop your own skills while bringing benefits to the communities.Find out more about joining a GDA programme:Website: Email: 31. What is the main responsibi

23、lity of volunteer managers?A.To seek local partners.B. To take in young volunteers.C. To carry out programmes.D. To foster cultural awareness.32. The programme beginning in August will operate in .A. EgyptB. AlgeriaC. KenyaD. South Africa33. The shared goal of GDA ' s projects is to .A. explore

24、new culturesB. protect the environmentC. gain corporate benefitsD. help communities in need14Alice Moore is a teenager entrepreneur （創(chuàng)業(yè)者）,who in May 2015 set up her business AilieCandy.By the time she was 13, her company was worth millions of dollars with the invention of a super- sweet treat that c

25、ould save kids' teeth, insteadthem.It all began when Moore visited a bank with her dad. On the outing, she was offereda candy bar. However, her dad reminded her that sugary treats were bad for her teeth. But Moore was sick ofmissing out on candies. So she desired to get round the war ning,"

26、Why can t I make a healthy candy that s goodmy teeth so that my parents can t say no to it?"With that in mind, Moore asked her dad if she could start her own candy company. He recommended that she do some research and talk to dentists about whata healthier candy would contain.With her dad pserm

27、ission, she spent the next two years researching online and conducting trials to get a recipe that was both tasty and tooth-friendly. She also approached dentists to learn more aboutteeth cleaning.Consequently, she succeededinmaking akind of candy only using naturalsweeteners, whichcanreduce oralbac

28、teria.Moore then used her savings to get her business of the ground. Afterwards, she and her father secured theirC ansCparondduyc. t first business meeting with a supermarket ow ner, who finally agreed to sell MooreAs CanCandy s success grows, so does Moore s credibyioliutyngasenatrepreneur. Moore i

29、s enthusiastic about the candy she created, and she s also positive about what the future might briensg.thSahteehvoerpy kid canhave a clean mouth and a broad smile.Meanwhile, with her parents help, Moore is generally able to live a normal teenage life. Although she founded her company early on in li

30、fe, she wasn t driven primarily by profit. Moosreehwearnutnsiqtoueu talent tohelp others find their smiles.She donates 10% of AilieCandy prsofits to Big Smiles. With her talent and determination, it appears that the sky could be the limit for Alice Moore.34. How did Moore react to her dadA. She argu

31、ed with him.C. She paid no attention.35. What is special about CanCandy?A. It is beneficial to dental health.C. It is sweeter than other candies.s warning?B. She tried to find a way out.D. She chose to consult dentists.B. It is free of sweeteners.D. It is produced to a dentists recipe.36. What does

32、Moore expect from her business?A. To earn more money.B. To help others find smiles.C. To make herself stand out.D. To beat other candy companies.37. What can we learn from Alice Moore s story?A. Fame is a great thirst of the young.B.A youth is to be regarded with respect.C. Positive thinking and act

33、ion result in success.D. Success means getting personal desires satisfied.The problem of robocalls has gotten so bad that many people now refuse to pick up calls from numbers they don t know.By next year, half of the calls we receive will be scams（ 欺詐 ） .We are finally waking up to the severity of t

34、he problem by supporting and developing a group of tools, apps and approaches intended to prevent scammers from getting through.Unfortunately, it' s too little, too late.By thestitaednese解決方案 ）become widelyavailable, scammers will have moved onto cleverer means.In the near future, it s not just

35、going tobeyou see on your screen that will be in doubt.Soon you will also question whether the voice you rehearing is actually real.That s because there are a number of powerful voice manipulation （ 處理 ） and automation technologies that are about to become widely available fo r anyone to use.At this

36、 year s I/O Conference,a company showed a newvoice technology able to produce such a convincing human-sounding voice that it was able to speak to a receptionist and book a reservation without detection.These developments are likely to make our current problems with robocalls much worse.The reason th

37、at robocalls are a headache has less to do with amount than precision. A decade of data breaches（ 數(shù)據(jù)侵入 ） of personal information has led to a situation where scammers can easily learn your mother nsame, and far more.Armed with this knowledge, they re able to carry out individually targeted campaigns

38、 to cheat people.Thismeans, for example, that a scammer could call you from what looks to be a familiar number and talk to you using a voice that sounds exactly like your bank teller s, tricking you into "confirming" your address, mothercard number.Scammers follow money, so companies will

39、be the worst hit.A lot of business is still done over the phone, and much of it is based on trust and existing relationships.Voice manipulation technologies may weaken that gradually.We need to deal with the insecure nature of our telecom networks. Phone carriers and consumers need to work together

40、to find ways of determining and communicating what is real. That might mean either developing a uniform way to mark videos and images, showing when and who they were made by, or abandoning phone calls altogether and moving towards data-based communications using apps like FaceTime or WhatsApp, which

41、 can be tied to your identity.Credibility is hard to earn but easy to lose, and the problem is only going to get harder from here on out. 38. How does the author feel about the solutions to problem of robocalls?A. Panicked.B. Confused.C. Embarrassed.D. Disappointed.39. Taking advantage of the new te

42、chnologies, scammers can.A. aim at victims preciselyB. damage databases easilyC. start campaigns rapidlyD. spread information widely40. What does the passage imply?A. Honesty is the best policy.B. Technologies can be double-edged.C. There are more solutions than problems.D. Credibility holds the key

43、 to development.41. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?A. Where the Problem of Robocalls Is RootedB. Who Is to Blame for the Problem of RobocallsC. Why Robocalls Are About to Get More DangerousD. How Robocalls Are Affecting the World of TechnologyDBy the end of the centur

44、y, if not sooner, the world' s oceans wenebthanks to a warmingclimate, according to a new study.At the heart of the phenomenon lie tiny marine microorganisms（海洋微生物）called phytoplankton.Becauseof the way light reflects off the organisms, these phytoplankton create colourful patterns at the ocean

45、surface.Ocean colour varies from green to blue, depending on the type and concentration of phytoplankton.Climate change will fuel the growth of phytoplankton in some areas, while reducing it in other spots, leading to changes in the ocean appearance.Phytoplankton live at the ocean surface, where the

46、y pull carbon dioxide （二氧化碳）into the ocean while giving off oxygen.When these organisms die, they bury carbon in the deep ocean, an important process that helps to regulate the global climate.But phytoplankton are vulnerable to the ocean ' s warming trend.Warming changes key characteristics of t

47、he ocean and can affect phytoplankton growth, since they need not only sunlight and carbon dioxide to grow, but also nutrients.Stephanie Dutkiewicz, a scientist in MIT' sCenter for Global Change Science, built a climate model that projects changes to the oceans throughout the century.In a world

48、that warms up by 3 c , it found that multiplechanges to the colour of the oceans would occur.The model projects that currently blue areas with little phytoplankton could become even bluer.But in some waters, such as those of the Arctic, a warming will make conditions riper for phytoplankton, and the

49、se areas will turn greener. Not only are the quantities of phytoplankton in the ocean changing, she said, but the type of phytoplankton is changing. And why does that matter? Phytoplankton are the base of the food web. If certain kinds begin to disappearfrom the ocean, Dutkiewicz said, it will chang

50、e the type of fish that will be able to survive. Those kinds of changes could affect the food chain.Whatever colour changes the ocean experiences in the coming decades will probably be too gradual and unnoticeable, but they could mean significant changes. It ll be a while before we can statistically

51、 show that the changes are happening because of climate change, Dutkiewicz said, but the change in the colour of the ocean will be one of the early warning signals that we really have changed our planet. 42. What are the first two paragraphs mainly about?A. The various patterns at the ocean surface.

52、B. The cause of the changes in ocean colour.C. The way light reflects off marine organisms.D. The efforts to fuel the growth of phytoplankton.43. What does the underlined word vulnerable in Paragraph 3 probably mean?A. Sensitive.B. Beneficial.C. Significant. D. Unnoticeable.44. What can we learn fro

53、m the passage?A. Phytoplankton play a declining role in the marine ecosystem.B. Dutkiewicz s model aims to project phytoplankton changes.C. Phytoplankton have been used to control global climate.D. Oceans with more phytoplankton may appear greener.45. What is the main purpose of the passage?A. To as

54、sess the consequences of ocean colour changes.B. To analyse the composition of the ocean food chain.C. To explain the effects of climate change on oceans.D. To introduce a new method to study phytoplankton.第二節(jié)（共5 小題；每小題 2 分，共 10 分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Much of the work in today

55、' s world is accompliShed ） in teams. Most people believe the best way to build a great team is to gather a group of the most talented individuals. 46 Companies spend millions hiring top business people. Is their money well spent?47 They focused on football, basketballand baseball. The results a

56、re mixed. For football and basketball, adding talented players to a team proves a good method, but only up to the point where 70%of the players are top talent; above that level, the team ' performance begins to decline. Interestingly, this trend isn ' t evident in baseball, where additionali

57、ndividualtalent keeps improving the team' s performance.To explain this phenomenon, the researchers explored the degree to which a good performance by a team requires its members to coordinate （協(xié)調(diào)）their actions.48In baseball, the performance of individualplayers is less dependent on teammates.Th

58、ey conclude that when task interdependence is high, team performance will suffer when there is too much talent, while individual talent will have positive effects on teamperformance when task interdependence is lower.If a basketball star is, for example, trying to gain a high personal point total, he may take a sh