練習(xí)版非謂語動詞考點-課堂導(dǎo)學(xué)案--中級班用(含解釋)4k-最最修改310份

1、高三總復(fù)習(xí)非謂語動詞考點課堂導(dǎo)學(xué)案簡述：非謂語動詞包括不定式(to do) 、動名詞 (- ing) 、現(xiàn)在分詞 (- ing) 與過去分詞 (- ed)。非謂語動詞的不同時態(tài)和語態(tài)構(gòu)成：以do 為例非謂語動詞種類主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)一般式： to do一般式： to be done不定式 (to do)進行時： to be doing進行時：沒有完成式： to have done完成式： to have been done動名詞 ( - ing)一般式： doing一般式： being done完成式： having done完成式： having been done現(xiàn)在分詞 ( - ing)一

2、般式： doing一般式： being done完成式： having done完成式： having been done過去分詞 ( - ed)沒有done要明確非謂語動詞與邏輯主語之間是“主動”還是“被動(或狀態(tài) )”，所表示的動作是“過去”、“現(xiàn)在”還是“將來”，以及和謂語動詞所表示的動作是同步發(fā)生還是有先后之分；還要看固定搭配和句型。導(dǎo)學(xué)：分類練習(xí)與學(xué)法指導(dǎo)1. 不定式和動名詞作主語(1) _( 抽煙 ) is prohibited( 禁止 ) here.(2) _( 學(xué)會了 ) computer is an important qualification for the job.(3

3、) Jack's suddenly _ ( 杰克的突然失蹤 ) made them worried.(4) I found it impossible for him_(do) the job alone.(5) It is no use/good _(學(xué)法指導(dǎo)哭).規(guī)則 1：動名詞作主語通常表示抽象動作，而不定式作主語表示具體動作，如：(1) 。規(guī)則 2：動名詞和不定式的完成式表示該動作比謂語動詞動作先發(fā)生，如：(2)。規(guī)則 3：動名詞的獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)：當(dāng)動名詞帶邏輯主語時，只可在其前加上物主代詞或名詞的所有格，如：(3)。規(guī)則 4：不定式及動名詞短語作主語時可轉(zhuǎn)換成it 作形式主語，

4、如：(4) 、 (5)。2. 不定式和動名詞作賓語(1)Do you mind my/me_ （ read） your paper?(2)I regretted _( 沒有采取 ) her advice.(3)I appreciate_( 給 ) the opportunity to study abroad two years ago.(4)You would be well advised _(stay) indoors.The teacher advised_(take) a different approach.(5)The road is covered with some fall

5、en trees and they need _ (remove ) immediately.(6) Don't you remember _(see) the man before? You must remember to leave tomorrow.(7) I should like _(see) him tomorrow.(8) There is no use _( 哭 ) over spilt milk.(9) He had a good time in_( travel) abroad this summer vacation.(10) They can't lo

6、se time_( play) computer games as usual.(11)There is no _(tell) what he is going to do.(12)Last night I did nothing but _(watch) TV.The doctor told him nothing but _(stop) smoking.(13)When I consider how talented he is as a painter, I cannot help but _(believe) that the public willappreciate his gif

7、t.(14)We don't want there to be any comrades _(fall) behind.(15)I don't mind there _(be) a chair here.(16)There being nobody else at hand, I had _(do)by myself.(17)John didn't pass his _(drive) test, but I expected him to.學(xué)法指導(dǎo)規(guī)則 1：動名詞作賓語時，其邏輯主語既可以是物主代詞或名詞的所有格，通格，如： (1)。也可以是人稱代詞賓格和名詞的普規(guī)則

8、2：作賓語的動名詞和不定式，完成式表示該動作在謂語動詞動作之前發(fā)生，如：(2)。規(guī)則 3：介詞以及少數(shù)動詞和詞組后只能用動名詞作賓語，如：admit, dislike, appreciate, avoid, enjoy, bear( 忍受 ), envy, can't help( 不禁 ), delay, escape, can't stand(受不了 ), deny, excuse(借口 ), consider(考慮 ), fancy, mind,miss(錯過 ), mention, finish, pardon, resist, forgive, imagine, ris

9、k, practice, suggest( 建議 ), keep, quit, put off, give up, feel like, be worth, set about, burst out, be/get/become used to( 習(xí)慣于 ), look forward to, pay attention to, devote to,lead to, stick to, get close to, object to, contribute to, get down to, be equal to(能勝任 ), turn to( 求助于 ) 等，如： (3) 。規(guī)則 4：動詞

10、advise / allow / permit / forbid后既可跟doing sth. 作賓語，又可跟to do( 不定式作賓補)，如： (4) 。規(guī)則 5： need, require, want, deserve doing 動名詞的主動形式表被動意義，相當(dāng)于to be done，如： (5) 。規(guī)則 6：有些動詞后使用動名詞和動詞不定式作賓語有差別，如： (6) 。常用的還有：(1)forget to do忘記要去做某事 (此事未做 ) ; forget doing 忘記做過某事 (此事已做過或已發(fā)生 )(2)stop to do停止、中斷 (某件事 )，目的是去做另一件事 ;st

11、op doing 停止正在或經(jīng)常做的事(3)remember to do 記住去做某事 ( 未做 ) ; remember doing 記得做過某事 (已做 )(4)regret to do 對要做的事遺憾 (后常跟動詞 say, tell, inform等) ; regret doing 對做過的事后悔(5)try to do 努力、企圖做某事; try doing 試驗、試一試某種辦法(6) mean to do 打算，有意要;mean doing 意味著(7)go on to do繼而 (去做另外一件事情) ; go on doing 繼續(xù) (原先沒有做完的事情)(8)propose t

12、o do 打算 (要做某事 ) ;propose doing 建議 (做某事 )(9) like /love/hate/ prefer to do 表示具體行為； doing sth. 表示抽象、傾向概念。(4) 【注意】 如果 like/love/hate/prefer 這幾個動詞前有 should/would ，其后賓語只跟不定式，不能跟動名詞，如： (7) 。 規(guī)則 7：常見的帶不定式作賓語的動詞 (口訣助記 )如下：想要干 want, wish, hope, expect, seek, attempt, aim, claim ， would like/love, desire, swe

13、ar 早打算 plan, prepare, mean, arrange同意否 agree, promise, undertake, offer, choose, refuse, afford 問問看 ask(ask to do 要求做 ), beg決定了 decide, determine, make up one's mind, be determined 盡力干 try, manage(反義詞 fail), struggle, strive, attempt不愿意care別裝蒜pretend【注意】口訣內(nèi)的動詞后跟動詞不定式，幾乎都有將來意味。規(guī)則8：固定句型(1)There is

14、 no good/point/sense/harm doing sth. 做某事沒用 (不好 /沒意義 /沒有害處 )，如： (8)。(2)have difficulty /trouble/problem/a hard time/a good time/fun (in) doing ，如： (9) 。(3)spend/waste/lose time(in) doing sth. ，如： (10)。(4)There is no doing sth. (there is no 表“不可能” )，如： (11)。(5)come/become/grow/get to like/love/realize

15、 /understand /know等表示心理活動的過程，意為“漸漸地喜歡上/意識到 /懂了 /知道了”。(6)do/did/does nothing/anything/everythingbut (except) 動詞原形；如果謂語動詞不是do/did/does, but(except)所跟的不定式須帶to，如： (12)。(7)can not (help/choose) but do, can do nothing but do, have no choice/alternative to do表示“不得不”，如：(13)。(8) “ Why not 動詞原形”表達向某人提出建議，意為：“

16、為什么不？”，“干嘛不？”(9) “ would rather/had better (not)動詞原形”意為“寧愿/最好 (不 )做某事”。(10)there be 的非謂語形式作動詞expect， like ， mean， intend， want， prefer ， hate 賓語時，通常用there to be 結(jié)構(gòu)，在等后面用there being，如： (14) 、 (15)。作狀語多用there being 結(jié)構(gòu)，如： (16)。mind, object to(11)為避免重復(fù)， 在 hope, expect, wish, want, like, love, decide, pl

17、an, need, mean, forget, refuse, tell, know, have to,be going to, used to, ought to 等動詞后面再次出現(xiàn)相同的不定式作賓語時，常出現(xiàn)單獨使用的 to，而把曾出現(xiàn)過的動詞省略掉。但是，如果在省略的不定式結(jié)構(gòu)中含有 be, have, have been時，要保留這些詞，如： (17)。3. 不定式、動名詞和分詞作表語(1) What I would suggest is _(to start/ starting) work at once.(2) His hobby is_ (collect) stamps.(3)

18、Travelling is interesting but_( tire).(4) The pupils will get confused if they are made _(to learn/learn) too much.(5) What the workers have been told is that they get _(pay) by the hour.學(xué)法指導(dǎo)4. 不定式、動名詞和分詞作定語(1) The water_(polluting/ polluted ) by the factory should beto blame.(2) We'd better fin

19、d some work for the children_( to do/ to be done ).(3) He is the first one _(help) me with computer.(4) Your ability _(to analyse/ to have analysed)the problem really surprised us.(5) Do you have anything _(tsend) ？ (是主語 you 送)(6) Do you have anything _(send) ？ (不是主語 you 送，是別人送 )(7)Barking dogs seld

20、om_ (bite).(8)The plan _(make) is of vital importance.(9)The building_( being constructed /constructed ) now will be used as a library.(10)The suggestion _(sent/to send) to the committee was adopted.( 過去的被動 )(11)The teacher is satisfied with our _(satisfied /satisfying) performance in class, which c

21、an be seen from her _(satisfied /satisfying) expression on her face.學(xué)法指導(dǎo)規(guī)則 2：不定式、動名詞和分詞作定語的區(qū)別：名詞 to do sth. 表示：與被修飾的名詞有：動賓關(guān)系，如：(2) ；名詞前有序數(shù)詞或最高級，如：(3) 。主謂關(guān)系。不定式修飾一些表示方向、原因、時間、機會、權(quán)利等抽象名詞doing sth. 表示：正在進行的動作經(jīng)常性動作或現(xiàn)在(或當(dāng)時 )的狀態(tài)即將發(fā)生的動作【注意】不及物動詞構(gòu)成的不定式作定語，要加上適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~且介詞不能省。規(guī)則 3：一些形容詞化的過去分詞表示已完成的動作或所處的狀態(tài)，意為“已經(jīng)的

22、”。a fallenleaf落葉 (已經(jīng)落在地上) a fallingleaf 飄零的落葉，尚在空中a developed country發(fā)達國家adeveloping country發(fā)展中國家a risen sun 升起的太陽 a rising sun 冉冉升起的太陽【注意】 1. 有些表示“使”的動詞，其-ing 形式，意為“令人的”，表示事物的性質(zhì)、特征，強調(diào)給他人的印象； 其-ed 形式，意為“感到的” ，表示人的心理、 狀態(tài)，強調(diào)主語內(nèi)心的感受， 也可修飾 look, expression, tears, smile, voice 等名詞。如： (11)。 3. drink, lea

23、rn, sink, light 都有兩種形式的過去分詞，但作定語時，只能用拼寫較長的過去分詞。 a drunken driver 喝醉酒的司機； a sunken ship 沉船； a lighted candle 點著的蠟燭5. 不定式和分詞作狀語(1) He made a long speech, only to_(show) his ignorance of the subject.(2) Being_(watch) by the audience, the young speaker felt very nervous.(3) _(encourage) by these success

24、es, they decided to expand the business.(4) When_( leaving/leave)the airport, they waved again and again to us.(5) Not_(not receive) an answer, he decided to write another letter to them.(6) _(criticize) by the teacher, Li Ming gave up smoking.(7) He worked deep into the night, _(prepare) a speech f

25、or the president.(8) I got up very early this morning _(prepare)breakfast for my family.(9) She is so kind as _(to help/help) me. She is so kind that she helps me.(10) She is such a kind girl as _(to help/help) me. She is such a kind girl that she helps me.(11) I'm only too pleased _(to help/hel

26、p) you.(12) One is never too old _(learn) .(13)_ (Seat) himself/Seated ( Sitting) in the room, he is absorbed in reading.(14) It_(is/ being ) Sunday, we needn't go to school. ? Because it _(be) Sunday, we needn't go to school.(15) All the work _(done/ is done), you can have a rest.?Ifall the

27、 work is done, you can have a rest.(16) While _(waiting /wait) there, he saw two pretty girls come out of the building.學(xué)法指導(dǎo) to do 表示目的或結(jié)果 (to do in order to do / so as to do 其中 so as to do 不能放在句首 ) only to do 表示意想不到的結(jié)果。如：(1) 。2. devote, absorb, lose, seat, dress, hide 等動詞的非謂語形式作狀語和定語時，可以用它們的-ed 形式 (

28、devoted,absorbed, lost, seated, dressed, hidden) 或-ing oneself 形式 (devoting/ absorbing/ losing/ seating/ dressing /hiding oneself)。如： (13)。3. 有些非謂語動詞短語已經(jīng)游離出來，成為固定短語，當(dāng)作插入語使用。此時，句子的主語與它們不存在邏輯上的一致關(guān)系，如： to tell you the truth 實話說 ， needless to say 不用說， to be honest/ frank 老實說，坦白說 ， to be more exact更確切地說，

29、 to make things worse 更糟的是 ， say that假設(shè)， not to mention 更不用說 Generally / Frankly / Roughly speaking 一般說來 /坦白說 / 粗略地說， considering 鑒于 /考慮到 ，judging by/from 從來看，依據(jù)來判斷， supposing /suppose that假定，providingthat假定， according to依據(jù)， including 包括， owing to 由于 ， talking/speaking of 談及 given考慮到 ， provided that

30、 如果6. 連詞分詞 (短語 )when，while ，有時，為了使非謂語動詞短語與主句的邏輯關(guān)系更清楚，可在非謂語動詞前加連詞。連詞有if ， unless，though， after, before, as 等。但分詞的主語和主句的主語必須一致，如：(16)。7. 不定式和分詞作賓語補足語(1) My father permits me _(surf) the Internet at the weekend.(2) The children were last seen_(play) by the river.(3) She saw the old man _(cross) the roa

31、d.?The old man was seen_( to cross)/cross)the road.(4) Finally I got my car _(running/run).(5) The teacher often gets us _(to recite/ recite) texts.(6)I'd like to get my car _(cleaned/to clean)before the New Year.(7)I made my little brother _(cry/to cry).? My little brother was made _(cry/to cry

32、).(8) I spoke clearly and slowly to make myself _(hear/heard) and _(understand/understood) .(9) The teacher often has us _(debate/ to debate) in class.(10) They had the lights _(burning/burn) while working.(11) Nancy will have her house _(painted./painted)學(xué)法指導(dǎo)常作賓補的有：do sth.(用于 let, make, have 以及感官動詞

33、后)to do sth.(主動 ) / to be done( 被動 ); doing sth. ( 主動，正在進行或持續(xù)進行)done (被動，狀態(tài)或完成);being done(被動，正在進行)規(guī)則 1：帶賓補的動詞like, hate, encourage, wish, warn, tell, want, desire, expect, get, permit, order, allow，invite,force, ask, cause, advise, request, prefer, beg, persuade, teach， lead 等動詞賓語 to do sth.，賓語與 to do 為主動關(guān)系，如： (1) 。規(guī)則 2：感官動詞 feel,/hear, listen to/ see, observe, notice, watch, look at, 賓語 do sth.(主動，全過程或經(jīng)常性動作) doing( 主動，正在進行 ) done(與賓語是被動關(guān)系 )注意若感官動詞在被動